Ciencia & saude coletiva最新文献

This study explores the relationship between socioeconomic and geographic variables of Brazilian municipalities and deaths caused by thermal (TB) and electrical burns (EB). Using data from the Mortality Information System and municipal indicators from IBGE, the impact of several factors on burn mortality was investigated. The analysis revealed a significant association between mortality and HDI (EB: 2000-2009 - RR=1.4·10-³ (95%CI: 3.4·10-4-5.9·10-3), 2010-2019 - RR=1.53·10-3 (95%CI: 2.46·10-4-9.57·10-3); TB: 2000-2009 - RR=2.95·10-6 (95%CI: 7.63·10-7-1.14·10-5), 2010-2019 - RR=1.24·10-7 (95%CI: 1.79·10-8-8.68·10-7)), Gini index (EB: 2000-2009 - RR=33.02) (95%CI: 18.43-59.03), 2010-2019 - RR=197.52 (95%CI: 111.2-350.14); TB: 2000-2009 - RR=25.77 (95%CI: 14.68-45.13), 2010-2019 - RR=431.24 (95%CI: 237.24-781.89)), and percentage of the population living in urban areas (EB: 2000-2009 - RR=1.644) (95%CI: 1.253-2.1689), 2010-2019 - RR=1.55 (95%CI: 1.17-2.07); TB: 2000-2009 - RR=2.42 (95%CI: 1.8-3.26), 2010-2019 - RR=2.794 (95%CI: 1.98-3.96)). The results suggest that lower socioeconomic conditions are correlated with higher risks of death by burns, indicating that it is a public health issue linked to social inequalities.

This research aimed to analyze how the young representatives elected in 2022 align with the agenda of gender, sexuality, and reproductive rights amid the rising conservatism. To this end, we adopted a qualitative methodology based on document analysis, considering the data provided by the House of Representatives. The variables considered for the research scope were: age 21-29 years, political party, and bills submitted in the current legislature regarding gender, sexuality, and reproductive rights. Based on these criteria, we identified 18 young Representatives and 46 bills. The results showed that young conservative representatives are the majority among those under 30, and they propose more restrictive projects concerning sexual and gender freedom. Although young progressive Representatives are a minority, they have submitted more bills on gender and reproductive rights, but avoid more sensitive issues, focusing on policies to combat violence and sexual harassment.

This article aims to problematize young people's access to HIV/AIDS prevention services. In recent years, new HIV/AIDS prevention strategies have become available in the public health network. By contrast, epidemiological data shows that young people are disproportionately affected by STI, HIV, and syphilis epidemics in Brazil. This is a case study with a qualitative approach, conducted in a peripheral neighborhood in the city of São Paulo. The data was collected using three techniques: an electronic survey, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups, with young people, aged 17 to 24 years. The study found that there is a mismatch between the availability of prevention and access by young people due to the lack of access to information and the fact that the subject is considered taboo. It can therefore be concluded that the quality and reliability of the information, together with the moralization of the experience of sexuality, especially among young people, interfere with access to care technologies.

Law 14.874/2024 proposes significant changes to the National System of Ethics in Clinical Research with Human Beings. The justification is that the debureaucratization of the system would contribute to scientific progress. The article analyzes the main points of the Law, to verify the adequacy between what is proposed and the expected outcomes: normative level; time of analysis; role of the central organ; consent; post-study treatment; placebo; monitoring; and measures resulting from non-compliance. Although the normative level and the proscription of placebo, except when there is no proven effective intervention, offer a protective effect. The other changes either do not contribute to increasing the protection of the participants or effectively loosen moral obligations towards them. The lack of protections and guarantees does not speed up research, as is often argued, but, on the contrary, can cause more risk to participants and lead to discredit and distrust of science.

This article analyzes narratives of young women from lower and middle socioeconomic backgrounds regarding their intentions (not) to become pregnant and reproductive experiences, considering gender, class, race, and generation. This socioanthropological study is based on an intersectional framework. The empirical material consists of eight in-depth interviews, conducted in 2021 and 2022, with cisgender women, aged 17 to 24 years, from Rio de Janeiro. Women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds reported difficulties accessing copper IUDs or tubal ligation through the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and dissatisfaction with contraceptive methods, leading to unintended pregnancies. Middle-class women did not face access issues but did encounter challenges in communicating with gynecologists. One experienced an unintended pregnancy. All expressed a desire not to become pregnant, but only one did not feel at risk. Suffering, discomfort, and fear of hormonal contraceptive side effects were common. Coercion, reproductive abuse, and sexual violence appeared in some narratives. The (im)possibilities of contraceptive management intersect with social contexts marked by multiple oppressions. Given social health inequities, challenges to reproductive justice are heightened.

This article discusses the actance of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in the sociotechnical network of HIV prevention and in the sexual experiences of men who have sex with men (MSM) living in the Metropolitan Region of Recife (MRR). It is based on ethnographic research and analyzes 41 interviews with young MSM. PrEP is present in the sociability and bodies of the sexual partners of many of the interviewees, whether they use it or not. Some elements contributed to the decision to use it: pleasure in condomless anal sex (CAS); recurrent failure to use the condom; circulation of information about PrEP; and previous sexual practices with someone who used it. Among non-users, CAS is usually mediated by serosorting, presumed by the healthy appearance and "knowledge" of the sexual partner. Knowledge is also present in CAS among those "on PrEP", as an alternative for preventing other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). When risk management takes into account partners who are also "on PrEP", justified by periodic exams, it enhances sexual health. Those "on PrEP" are stigmatized for not complying with prior norms: "safe sex is done with a condom". Nevertheless, biopolitics operates and the test as a subjectivizing technology seems to start producing a new sexual morality, in which those 'on PrEP' can become a new class of healthy gay men.

The study aimed to verify the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and suicide among women living in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil in 2019. This is a population-based case-control study that used information from the Death Certificate and the semi-structured verbal autopsy questionnaire. Adjusted multiple logistic regression was performed to verify the differences. Of the 19 cases, the majority were white/yellow women (57,89%), with an average age of 38,69 years, without a partner (57,89%), not working (68,42%), with a higher prevalence of IPV (68,42%), recreational alcohol use (42,10%) and living in regions with a lower Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI = 0,7704). Risk factors for female suicide were having suffered IPV; recreational use and problematic use of alcohol; prescribed use and problematic use of antidepressants. On the other hand, having a job, being older and having a higher MHDI were protective factors. This study sheds light on the association between IPV and female suicides, highlighting the importance of health services joining forces to reduce both phenomena.

Despite political ups and downs, since the restoration of political democracy, several Latin American states have advanced citizen inclusion and democratization in matters of gender and sexuality. Today, we are faced with nostalgic discursive and practical projects, authoritarian and sometimes violent, to return to a less democratic and plural order of gender and generation, which finds echo in adolescents and young people. How do the transformations in the modes of accumulation, access, and permanence in the labor market, social mobility, impact sociosexual experiences and relationships? What is sexuality and reproduction like today, and for the younger generations, as circulating commodities, producers of value, capital, "brands"? How are sexuality, reproduction, eroticism, and friendship lived, without the protection of intimate spaces, without unmediated conversations, without time to waste? Throughout the essay, we reflect on these questions in a context marked by the loss of vital references, in a world that makes radical uncertainty the universal experience of our time.

Given the incidence of HIV among youth in Brazil and the dismantling of educational policies on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) by the federal government (2019-2022), the lack of current national studies with heterosexual youth on these topics is worrisome. To expand this knowledge, we conducted a socioanthropological study in spaces of sociability and leisure for heterosexual youth in low-income communities in five Brazilian cities. According to our collected field observations and reports, leisure and sociability take place in the communities (dances, parties), given that economic and symbolic barriers limit circulation to other places in the city. In these spaces, most young people establish meetings, have affective and sexual interactions, and use alcohol and other drugs, generally with people from the territory, while digital interactions take on a secondary role. In the five communities, no campaigns and educational actions were identified on access to means of protection against STI/HIV, HIV testing, and AIDS care. The findings, together with data on the views and practices of these young people regarding STI/HIV, can contribute to the formulation of interventions aimed at SRH, within and outside the contexts of sociability, adapted to the sociocultural and economic reality of the youth segments.