Ciencia & saude coletiva最新文献

The political-scientific challenges currently facing the social sciences, and more specifically the field of youth studies, highlight the need to redefine the value of the methods in the production of science and the mediation between concept and reality. This is not referent to the regulated and standardized method as understood by more positivist paradigms, but rather to methodological possibilities that are sufficiently flexible, agile, creative, and youthful to deal with the complexities of contemporary youth worlds. More than standardizing the applied method, validating the application of these methodological designs involves the development of reflective monitoring strategies that make the research processes with young people transparent, namely in terms of methodological reflexivity, positional reflexivity, and ethical reflexivity. The latter must go beyond the application of the growing legal and normative regulation, which has entangled the production of science in bureaucratic webs, and place researchers as social beings and their research practice as a relational practice, implying epistemic relations of co-labor with study participants.

We analyzed the engagement of young heterosexual men in contraceptive management based on empirical material from a multicenter socio-anthropological study. We started from an understanding of youth as a social construction, the relational dimension of gender, and the dynamics of masculinities in interaction with social markers of difference. This article analyzes the biographies of 14 cisgender male participants from São Paulo (SP) and Conceição do Mato Dentro (MG), Brazil. They are heterosexual, mostly self-declared Black, and they were interviewed from 2021 to 2022 about certain events in their affective-sexual trajectories. The relational context proved to be crucial in shaping contraceptive and reproductive behavior. Discussions about female autonomy and co-responsibility for possible contraceptive failures shape different forms of contraceptive engagement in affective-sexual relationships. The representations of young men can contribute to a broader understanding of youth reproductive dynamics, giving rise to possibilities for public intervention (especially in the fields of Health and Education) and ways of reducing gender inequalities.

The aim is to analyze the violence suffered by older adults in the prison system in light of social ecological theory. This work is a cross-sectional study conducted with 262 older adults deprived of liberty from all prison units in the macro-regions of the state of Ceará. Data collection took place from May to September 2022 using sociodemographic and prison profile analysis tools in an electronic questionnaire tool called LimeSurvey. The categorized variables considered the dimensions of social ecological theory and were associated with the outcome of experiencing violence in the prison system. After analysis, it was observed that the outcome of experiencing violence had greater statistical significance with the categorized variables: protection in the prison system, contracting diseases in the prison system, access to prison health services, and treatment received by police officers. That is, older adults deprived of liberty are more susceptible to violence in prisons in the outcomes listed in the scenario associated with socioecological dimensions. It can therefore be concluded that the prison environment increases the chance of the older adults suffering violence, corroborating the social ecological theory that the environment influences health and disease processes.

The present article aimed to reflect on the Menstrual Health Protection and Promotion Program, based on the challenges related to the right to menstruate in Brazil. This is a reflective study that addresses the advances and setbacks of menstrual practices in the country. The findings were divided into three categories: "The sanitary pad as a path to truth and life", "Menstrual precariousness and/or poverty", and "Education and Health: two pillars of menstrual dignity". It was identified that it is necessary to develop jointly constructed public policies, addressing menstrual health and education, since the trajectory of menstruating people is still linked to challenges and barriers, where social and cultural rights are not guaranteed, relying only on the free distribution of sanitary pads. In this sense, our research points out the importance of the Program, which is the core subject of this study; however, the need for a more comprehensive approach is highlighted to mitigate this problem, respecting the particularities of the social actors who experience menstrual precariousness.

Adolescent fertility in Brazil is influenced by sociodemographic and economic factors, making it necessary to stratify and monitor this indicator to assess the inclusion of adolescents in health, education, and social assistance programs. Using data from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC), we calculated Age-Specific Fertility Rates by age group (10 to 14 years and 15 to 19 years), years of education (0 to 7 years, 8 to 11 years, and 12 or more), and Brazilian macroregions (North, Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, and South) for the period between 2010 and 2023, during which the country faced structural changes, including public health crises, economic crises, an increase in female education, and the rise of a conservative political wave. The results reveal an increase in adolescent fertility in the first half of the analyzed period (up to 2014/2015), followed by a decline in the second half, reaching 41.6 births per thousand women (15-19) and 2.1 births per thousand women (10-14) in 2023. There is significant regional diversity, with the North presenting higher rates despite the decline. Differences by educational level stand out, with a greater proportional decline among the less educated group.

Comprehensive sexuality education is an effective strategy to promote adolescents' sexual and reproductive health and exercise citizenship. This paper presents the social validity of the effects of intervention research, through multiple case studies, with students and teachers, in two public schools in the Federal District. Participatory workshops were used to address self-esteem, gender identity, sexual orientation, support networks, contraceptive methods, youth participation, and violence. We generated data through reports and evaluations of each workshop, field diaries, photographic records, and final evaluation questionnaires with teachers and students. The results indicate that the study could: i) expose the context of structural vulnerability in the cases studied; ii) promote new behaviors and ways of thinking; iii) facilitate learning and the development of skills for health and well-being. The findings endorse the intervention's high social validity of the effects, showing its ability to effect change for teachers and students, including improving their relationship. The observed tensions confirm the importance of teacher training and the urgency of support initiatives that can overcome the political and ideological challenges of the issue.

This article sought to understand the structure of young lesbians' social representations of sexual health, based on their experiences and practices. This is a descriptive, qualitative study based on the Theory of Social Representations. The Free Word Association Test (FWAAT) was used online for 124 self-declared lesbians, aged 18 to 29 years, and of these, seven responded to a semi-structured interview script. The TALP data was processed using IRaMuTeQ software (prototypical analysis), contextualized by excerpts from the interviews that portray experiences and practices, and scientific references on the subject. The results pointed to the terms 'condom', "care" and 'prevention' as core elements in the structure of social representations. In the interviews, these terms refer to the importance attributed to protection and disease prevention, although the condom models are not adapted to the sexual practices of trafficked sex. The participants' practices and experiences also emphasize personal hygiene. The development of effective public policies for lesbian health requires valuing the knowledge they share socially.

The objective was to identify assistance policies about the pregnancy-puerperal cycle of indigenous women, from the perspective of indigenous health service managers. Action research, supported by complexity thinking, carried out with ten managers of indigenous health services in the municipality of Querência, Mato Grosso, based on focus groups, in two different meetings, between May and October 2023. Da analysis resulted in three thematic axes: weaknesses associated with indigenous women's prenatal care; tactics that strengthen the pregnancy-puerperal cycle; and strategies that induce best practices in the indigenous context. It is concluded that the pregnancy-puerperal cycle of indigenous women, from the perspective of indigenous health service managers, comprises unique cultural specificities associated with language, ethnicity, values, access and inviolable religious beliefs, which transcend scientific rationality, normally established as absolute truth.

Aimed to assess the prevalence of breastfeeding in the last 24 hours among mothers of children under 2 years of age, categorizing them based on the presence or absence of non-communicable diseases. A cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013 and 2019, which employed a probabilistic sample structure with cluster sampling . The analysis covered 1,586 and 2,064 child-mother pairs in 2013 and 2019, respectively. Estimates were made for the maternal population and the prevalence of socioeconomic, demographic and NCD variables. Significantly reduced breastfeeding rates were evident as the age of the child advanced in both years. In 2013, the prevalence decreased in the 12-24 month age group to 35.3%, while in 2019, it stood at 40.3%. There was no statistically significant disparity in the prevalence of breastfeeding between women with and without NCDs in each year surveyed, nor between the two years surveyed. Within the subset of women diagnosed with NCDs, there was a reduction in the prevalence of breastfeeding among children aged 12 to 24 months in 2013 (35%) and 2019 (39%). In addition, sociodemographic variables had a notable influence on breastfeeding practices among women.