Ciencia & saude coletiva最新文献

There is a growing supply of fit/fitness foods and, in Brazil, there is still no regulation. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate fit/fitness foods sold in Brazil, classify them according to their purpose and extent of processing and evaluate their nutrient profile. Food data collection took place in four commercial establishments. The nova classification was used to classify foods in relation to the purpose and extent of processing and the criteria of the pan american health organization (paho) and the national health surveillance agency (anvisa) to evaluate the nutrient profile. Of the 146 foods analyzed, 79% were classified as ultra-processed. according to the nutrient profile, 75% and 39.2% of the foods had at least one critical nutrient at a high level, according to paho and anvisa criteria, respectively. furthermore, 80% of the labels presented other claims and terms extolling some nutritional property. It is concluded that foods containing the terms fit/fitness are, for the most part, ultra-processed, with a high prevalence of critical nutrients and are associated with the presence of other claims that highlight some positive characteristic of the product, which may mislead consumers.

This study aimed to analyze the factors correlated with the mortality rate from violence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Data were used for 24 LAC countries from 2000 to 2021. We estimated a fixed-effects model, reporting the coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals, to assess the effect of changes in demographic indicators (median age of the population) and socioeconomic indicators (annual GDP variation rate, unemployment rate, infant mortality rate, and mean schooling) on the intentional homicide rate (IHR) and the interpersonal violence mortality rate (IVMR). In addition, the distinct effects were evaluated when IVMR was analyzed by gender. Overall, the results showed that worse socioeconomic indicators (lower annual GDP variation rate, higher unemployment rate, and higher child mortality rate) are correlated with higher IHR and IVMR. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the trend of population aging in LAC is favorable to the alleviation of mortality due to violence. These findings suggest that public policy strategies should adopt a multidimensional approach to promote the security and well-being of society.

This article aims to discuss the methodological challenges and strategies involved in conducting research with adolescents and young people living in marginalized communities in large urban centers. The experiences and data presented are drawn from a study conducted in peripheral communities of five Brazilian capital cities: Porto Alegre, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, and Manaus. The research employed a qualitative approach. Data were generated through observations in the social spaces frequented by adolescents and young people in each community, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. The main methodological challenges encountered included: determining the appropriate age range for participants; ethically including individuals under the age of 18; identifying and reaching adolescents and youth; engaging local mediators to access participants; and ensuring data quality. The methodological challenges identified in this study provide valuable insights into the lived realities of young people in marginalized communities in major Brazilian cities. Beyond presenting research strategies, we argue that both the difficulties encountered and the successful strategies adopted offer a deeper understanding of today's youth.

The increase in HIV incidence rates among young people contrasts with the discontinuity of educational actions and the invisibility of AIDS in public spaces. Based on socio-anthropological research, this article analyzes conceptions and practices regarding HIV prevention of 139 men and women, aged 15 to 24 years, mostly heterosexual and cisgender, from low-income Brazilian communities in Porto Alegre, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Manaus, and Salvador. The study involved ethnographic observation, interviews, and focus groups. According to the findings, the knowledge about diagnosis and new technologies for prevention and treatment of HIV is limited. HIV transmission is still associated with gays, trans people, and individuals with many partners; the fear of the stigma of AIDS still persists; and there is rare contact with people with HIV. There is a prevailing self-perception that HIV infection is a very distant possibility, especially if condoms are used with strangers; the concern regarding an unintended pregnancy is far greater. The results point to the need for policies that address AIDS stigma and social, racial, and gender inequalities, as well as the need to create spaces for learning and dialogue in schools, health services, and social movements, updating successful experiences and exploring the potential of social networks.

The present study was to evaluate adolescents' knowledge of contraceptive methods before and after an educational intervention using a comic book. This quasi-experimental study was conducted from September to October 2023, with 62 high school adolescents from Maceió-AL. Knowledge about contraceptive methods was assessed at four different points in time. The Friedman, Wilcoxon, and McNemar tests were used for analysis. The median knowledge score was 8 (p25-p75; 4-12) at the pre-test, 14 (p25-p75; 5-15) at the immediate post-test, 13 (p25-p75; 5-15) at the 7-day post-test, and 13 (p25-p75; 6-15) at the 15-day post-test. Adolescents' knowledge at the three post-intervention assessments was significantly higher than at the pre-test (<0.001). When comparing post-test scores, no change was found between the immediate post-test and the seven-day post-test (p=0.108), between the immediate post-test and the 15-day post-test (p=0.262), and between the 7-day post-test and the 15-day post-test (p=0.442). Knowledge scores were maintained up to 15 days after the intervention. The comic book "Methods of contraception: I'm young and I don't want to have a baby yet" is a resource with potential to increase adolescents' knowledge about contraceptive use.

The present study aimed to analyze toxic events among adolescents and to determine whether or not sociodemographic factors, the means of exposure, the class of the toxic agent and the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods were in fact associated with suicide attempts. This work was a cross-sectional study conducted with secondary data on adolescents exposed to toxic agents between 2015 and 2022, treated at the Center for Information and Toxicological Care in Ceará. The prevalence ratios, together with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%Cis), were estimated, using the Poisson regression with robust variance between the explanatory variables and suicide attempt. Of the 703 cases of poisoning among adolescents, 69.6% (95%CI 66.0-72.8) were female and 77.6% (95%CI 74.4-80.7) were suicide attempts. In relation to the toxic agents used, 63.9% used medication and 17.4% used pesticides, with 44.1% of these cases involving insecticides that are illegal in Brazil. In the multivariate analysis, wellbeing during the pandemic period, being female, increase in age, being at home, using medication and pesticides, and the combined use of two or more agents continued to be associated with a higher prevalence of suicide attempts. The findings highlight the need for preventive actions focused on the home environment, the control of toxic substances, and the protection of more vulnerable adolescents, such as women.

This qualitative research was conducted from 2015 to 2018 and corroborates communication and education initiatives on HIV prevention. With an intersectoral and territorial perspective, the study aims to describe the methodology used in the shared production of an image game, with 36 cards and gameplay rules, built with students from the teacher training course for the initial grades, from a public high school, located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It also aims to discuss how they understand the relationship between sexuality, health and HIV prevention. The Freirean problematization method guided direct observation and interventions in everyday school life. Topics of interest to young people were discussed: strategies for "deconstructing" the biomedical-prescriptive and heteronormative perspective, hegemonic in discourses on sexuality and HIV prevention; female condoms; meanings of the terms HIV-positive, serodifferent, and viral load (CD4 and CD8); testing; PrEP and PEP; drug treatment and side effects. The conclusion is that the methodology adopted enabled peer-to-peer education and the creation of the game "Sexuality and HIV prevention", in a contextualized and interactive way.

This article aims to discuss how the intersection of gender, disability, and social class, within the context of care relationships, can impact the sexual rights of young women with disabilities. This qualitative research was conducted in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa, Brazil, with four participants through in-depth interviews. It analyzed the lived experiences related to sexuality in the youth of cis-heterosexual women with physical disabilities during the 2000s and 2010s. The theoretical-analytical framework was grounded in intersectional approaches from the fields of care studies and disability studies. This study highlights the challenges and coping strategies adopted by the participants as forms of resistance to socially imposed norms of body normality (corponormativity), which position them as exclusively dependent and infantilized. Within care relationships, these stereotypes give rise to behaviors of discouragement or oppression in their affective and sexual lives, as well as in other dimensions of social life. Discourses and practices associated with care, when distorted into overprotection, operate as mechanisms of control over the sexuality of young women with disabilities.

The scope of this paper was to analyze the spatial distribution of breast cancer incidence in Brazil and its correlation with behavioral, sociodemographic/coverage, and breast cancer control indicators in 2018/2019. This ecological study with a territorial basis utilized data on women across Brazilian states and the Federal District. The dependent variable was standardized breast cancer incidence. Spatial dependence was based on the global and local Moran indices. The standardized breast cancer incidence was 51.3 per 100,000 women/year. Local Moran indices revealed a positive spatial correlation (values>0) between incidence and the aging index (I = 0.63; p = 0.004), human development index (I = 0.53; p = 0.006), health plan coverage (I = 0.57; p = 0.004), and screening rates (I = 0.58; p = 0.002). Negative correlations (values < 0) were found for the proportion of sedentary women (I = -0.45; p = 0.015) and mammogram deficits per year (I = -0.56; p = 0.002). Generally, clusters were predominantly identified in states from the Southeast and North regions. The conclusion drawn is that breast cancer is correlated with sociodemographic/coverage indicators, suggesting that its incidence remains higher in Brazilian states with better diagnostic access, such as those in the Southeast.

This article discusses the phenomenon of stealthing, which is characterized by the removal of the condom during sexual intercourse by the man without his partner's consent. Because of unprotected sexual intercourse, there is the possibility of an unplanned pregnancy. However, there is no classification of such an act in the Brazilian legal system as sexual violence or rape, which makes it impossible for the victim to seek a legal abortion. We discuss the case of a young woman who, at the age of 25, became pregnant because of stealthing. Given the status of her relationship with her partner, her age, her future life plans, her lack of desire for motherhood at that time, and the lack of judicial support, the young woman resorted to an illegal abortion. Her case inspires a reflection on condom removal without consent and the need for legal, social, and academic discussion about the phenomenon of stealthing. The aim of this study is to discuss issues and circumstances related to stealthing and provide insights into legal possibilities for resorting to a legal abortion in Brazil in cases of this kind of sexual violence.