Ciencia & saude coletiva最新文献

The scope of this study was to verify differences in the characteristics of predominantly ultra-processed foods or culinary dishes on sale from the largest food delivery app in Brazil in neighborhoods with differing socioeconomic categories in the city of São Paulo. Twenty neighborhoods were selected, categorized according to quartiles of the Municipal Human Development Index. Data on food on sale, classified as culinary preparations or ultra-processed foods, were collected from the centroid of the neighborhoods. A sample of 350 promotions was analyzed, and their characteristics were compared according to the degree of processing categories and vulnerability of the neighborhood. A higher prevalence of promotions for ultra-processed foods was observed in three out of four socioeconomic categories. Places that offered culinary preparations were closer than places that offered ultra-processed foods. The average price and discount were higher for ultra-processed foods. Given the wide availability of ultra-processed foods, it seems necessary to promote the consumption of culinary preparations and highlight them in digital food environments in order to discourage the choice of ultra-processed foods.

To guide the interventions of health professionals, it is necessary to identify the reasons for non-adherence to treatment. This scoping review aims to identify and discuss barriers and facilitators for adherence to pharmacotherapy in chronic diseases. Of the 3,482 eligible studies, it was observed that in the 114 studies that met the selection criteria, facilitators such as income, social support, older age, education, motivation to use pharmacotherapy, formation of a bond with the health professional, health education, believe in pharmacotherapy, realize the benefits of pharmacotherapy, motivation for self-care, and disease severity, were common to the various chronic health conditions. Regarding the common barriers, were: cost of the medication, complexity of pharmacotherapy; adverse drug reaction, greater number of prescribers and pharmacies used, greater number of visits to urgent and emergency services, believing that the medication is not necessary, and having depression. The analysis of these factors provides support for the health professional to identify the reasons that led to non-adherence and guide the interventions to be carried out, promoting adherence to treatment.

Food banks are facilities dedicated to (i) reducing food loss and waste, (ii) ensuring food security and (iii) performing food and nutrition education. Although the food banks are spread all over Brazil, having recognized impact in the society, there are no defined instruments for their evaluation and for improving their results. This paper presents a theoretical-methodological proposal to evaluate the implementation of Brazilian food banks, which intends to offer instruments and techniques to identify if the relation between their inputs, processes and products are consistent with expectations. Based on the elements of a map of processes and results for food banks, this proposal comprises a data collection instrument and an implementation evaluation plan. This evaluation plan is organized into six analytical dimensions, composed of indicators that will show diagnoses of implementation for food banks managed in the four modalities currently in operation in Brazil. We hope that this proposal will be the starting point for expanding the production of evaluation methodologies focused on food banks.

The objective was to evaluate the opening hours of establishments selling in natura and mixed foods, located in areas with and without Food and Nutrition Public Establishments (FNPE). A cross-sectional study, carried out in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Average hours of operation were recorded, and compared between in natura and mixed food establishments (Student's t-test). The functioning of establishments was divided into status and compared between types of establishments (Chi-square). The average operation hours of the establishments were compared according to their location in areas with or without FNPE (Student's t-test). Mixed establishments were open, on average, longer hours than in natura food establishments (p<0.001). The number of mixed establishments open at extended hours (after 18 hours) was significantly higher than the number of in natura establishments (p<0.001), on weekdays (90.9% vs. 67.8%), Saturdays (84. 1% vs. 55.9%) and Sundays (40.9% vs. 3.4%). On weekdays operation of in natura food establishments was lower in areas with FNPE (p<0.05). Mixed establishments open longer hours and are more available during extended hours and on Sundays. Areas with FNPE had lower average opening hours for in natura food establishments.

The development of cooking skills (CS) is a strategy to facilitate the implementation of healthy and sustainable diets. This study aims to analyze the approach to CS in Brazilian documents to promote adequate and healthy eating, in line with the political, epidemiological and social context of their publication periods, starting from the first edition of the National Food and Nutrition Policy (PNAN). Public documents included in the virtual libraries of the Secretariats of Primary Health Care and Social Development were searched, starting from the date of publication of the first PNAN edition (1999) until 2022. It was identified 25 documents; 4 themes were generated and analyzed. There was an evolution of the CS approach, expanding the focus on biological-nutritional and hygienic-sanitary aspects of cooking to an approach that takes biopsychosocial-cultural and environmental factors into account, especially after the publication of the second edition of the Brazilian Food Guidelines, which highlights the expansion of the perspective on cooking and consolidates it as a golden rule for adequate and healthy food.

The text discusses the trajectory of the global pharmaceutical industry towards becoming what is currently called Big Pharma. Also presents the configuration of the Health Industrial Complex and exposes its economic and political dimensions. It suggests as essential determinants of the transformation of the global pharmaceutical industry into Big Pharma the processes of financialization of the global political economy and the harmonization of the intellectual property regime carried out by the World Trade Organization through the TRIPS agreement. Furthermore, it discusses the microeconomic changes that have occurred in the companies' production process. Finally, it points out that this trajectory is part of the process of weakening multilateral representation built after the Second World War during the 1990s.

This study analyzed dental caries-related Facebook posts in Brazilian Portuguese to identify misinformation and predict user interaction factors. A sample of 500 posts (between August 2016 and August 2021), was obtained by CrowdTangle. Two independent and calibrated investigators (intraclass correlation coefficient varying from 0.80 to 0.98) characterized the posts based on their time of publication, author's profile, sentiment, aim of content, motivation, and facticity. Most posts (90.2%) originated from Brazil, and they were predominantly shared by business profiles (94.2%). Approximately 67.2% of these posts focused on preventive dental issues, driven by noncommercial interests in 88.8% of cases. Misinformation was present in 39.6% of the posts, particularly those with a positive sentiment and commercial motivation. Business profiles and positive sentiment were identified as predictive factors for higher post engagement. These findings highlight a significant proportion of dental caries-related posts containing misinformation, especially when associated with positive emotions and commercial motivation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary practices and household food insecurity (HFI) status among high-risk children during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 147 children aged 1 to 9 attending at three reference health centers in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Diet quality data was assessed using Healthy Eating Indices. The Brazilian Scale of Food and Nutrition Insecurity measured HFI status. Associations between HFI and dietary practices were assessed using logistic regression models. Almost half of the children lived with food insecurity (47.6%). HFI was associated with deteriorated diet quality, evidenced by the increased weekly frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), such as sugar-sweetened beverages and processed meats, and reduced frequency of fruits and vegetables. Parents perceived a reduction in meat and milk consumption and an increase in the intake of UPF among households of children in HFI throughout the pandemic. Our results suggest that HFI status was associated with deterioration in diet quality during the critical phase of social isolation.

Farmers' markets are important spaces for the commercialization of fruits and vegetables, which access by the urban population is considered one of the key aspects of healthy cities. This study adopts an ecological approach with geographic-spatial emphasis to describe accessibility to farmers' markets in Porto Alegre-RS, by four different modes of transport (walking, bicycle, bus, and car) and their associations with income and race/skin color. The distribution of markets across the city is more balanced than other food establishments, although physical accessibility is highly uneven across modes of transport: the ability to reach a market on foot in 10 minutes or less is restricted to no more than 25% of the population, while almost 90% can do it by driving a car. The study found a direct and positive association between levels of accessibility to farmers' markets and income: wealthier areas can reach fairs in less time using any mode of transport than poorer ones (p<0.001). Regions with a majority of white inhabitants have better accessibility to the fairs on foot, by bicycle, and by bus (p<0.01) than regions with a majority of Black, Indigenous, or yellow populations.

This article aims to understand the role of pleasure at work for quilombola fisherwomen and shellfish gatherers and the relationship with health at work in the context of slavery heritage in Brazil. It seeks to understand how the pleasure felt at work plays a role in the slower evolution and lesser intensity of repetitive strain injuries (RSI) observed in the profession of quilombola shellfish gatherers compared to other professions in the salaried sector, such as the service sector, for example. In this way, research into the psychodynamics of work was carried out with artisanal fisherwomen in quilombola communities in two regions of Baía de Todos Santos - State of Bahia, from 2021 to 2023. The conclusion drawn was that the sublimation and pleasure involved in the work activities of these professionals can contribute to maintaining their physical and mental health, even though they are subjected to the constraints of intense workloads. Thus, the importance of pleasure at work for the construction of mental health was reaffirmed during this research.