Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.05
S. Bratan, S. Roshchupkin, A. Kharchenko, S. Belousov
{"title":"Quality improvement of manufacturing rolling mill rolls","authors":"S. Bratan, S. Roshchupkin, A. Kharchenko, S. Belousov","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44420581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.04
V. Danenko, L. Gurevich
Closed hoisting ropes are related to multi-layer ropes with single laying and they are used as a motive component in lifting and transportation machines and mechanisms. It is known that closed hoisting ropes are used as a rod core for transmission of reciprocating and rotating motion from a surface drive to an operating body of well pump in oil production from wells [1, 2]. Closed ropes are often failing to operate owing to structure violation, such as buckling, lamination, unlocking and destruction of external Z-shape wires etc. [2–6]. To provide reliable and safe rope operation, it is necessary to have trustworthy methods for determination of stress-strain state (SSS) of role elements (wires and layers). The main approaches to theoretical SSS investigation for rope elements were discussed in the works [3, 4, 7–10]. The paper [7] attract attention to the techniques providing higher calculation precision and maximal approximation to construction of the real rope. These techniques are based on the following ideas: a) discrete model where rope is presented as a complicated and statically undefined rod system that can be subjected to calculation by the methods of building mechanics [3]; b) the theory of fiber composites and solution of the SaintVenant problem for a cylinder with screw anisotropy [8]. The mathematical model, where each rope layer is considered from the point of view of energetic approach as anisotropic cylinder shell equivalent with its elastic properties, while a rope in general is considered as the system of cylinder shells inserted inside each other and mutually contacting due to contact pressure and friction, is suggested in the works [11, 12]. Independently of the used techniques, the expressions for determination of force parameters in cross section of rope elements during joint extension and rotation are described as the system including two equations [3]:
{"title":"On calculation of stress-strain state of steel closed ropes in extension and twisting. Part 1. Determination of generalized stiffness and deformation coefficients","authors":"V. Danenko, L. Gurevich","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Closed hoisting ropes are related to multi-layer ropes with single laying and they are used as a motive component in lifting and transportation machines and mechanisms. It is known that closed hoisting ropes are used as a rod core for transmission of reciprocating and rotating motion from a surface drive to an operating body of well pump in oil production from wells [1, 2]. Closed ropes are often failing to operate owing to structure violation, such as buckling, lamination, unlocking and destruction of external Z-shape wires etc. [2–6]. To provide reliable and safe rope operation, it is necessary to have trustworthy methods for determination of stress-strain state (SSS) of role elements (wires and layers). The main approaches to theoretical SSS investigation for rope elements were discussed in the works [3, 4, 7–10]. The paper [7] attract attention to the techniques providing higher calculation precision and maximal approximation to construction of the real rope. These techniques are based on the following ideas: a) discrete model where rope is presented as a complicated and statically undefined rod system that can be subjected to calculation by the methods of building mechanics [3]; b) the theory of fiber composites and solution of the SaintVenant problem for a cylinder with screw anisotropy [8]. The mathematical model, where each rope layer is considered from the point of view of energetic approach as anisotropic cylinder shell equivalent with its elastic properties, while a rope in general is considered as the system of cylinder shells inserted inside each other and mutually contacting due to contact pressure and friction, is suggested in the works [11, 12]. Independently of the used techniques, the expressions for determination of force parameters in cross section of rope elements during joint extension and rotation are described as the system including two equations [3]:","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42421638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.12
A. E. Balanovskiy, N. A. Astafyeva, V. V. Kondratyev, A. Karlina
{"title":"Study of mechanical properties of C-Mn-Si composition metal after wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)","authors":"A. E. Balanovskiy, N. A. Astafyeva, V. V. Kondratyev, A. Karlina","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45568710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.16
E. Ageev, E. Ageeva, S. Khardikov
Corrosion-resistant steels are characterized by several very valuable properties, thereby they are effectively used in different industries [1–3]. The sintering technology of corrosion-resistant steels has several features which are stipulated by high chromium affinity to oxygen and, respectively, by necessity of use of deeply dried protective media and high temperatures. Single and dual extrusion and sintering within the temperature range 1150–1300 °С are the most frequently applied technological procedures for manufacture of powder corrosion-resistant steels [4–8]. The properties of powder corrosion-resistant steels are generally determined by their porosity, thereby corrosion-resistant steels which are applied at present time are characterized by lower strength (by 10–30 %), plasticity (by 2–3 times) and impact toughness in comparison with the corresponding properties of cast steels. It restricts their application area. Porosity of corrosion-resistant steels has negative effect on corrosion resistance. This problem can be solved owing to use of the spark plasma sintering technology which allows to decrease porosity in sintered alloys to 1 % [9–14]. Additionally, presence of large amount of expensive chromium in corrosion-resistant steels is considered as one of the main problems of their recycling [15–17]. This problem can be solved via comminution of wastes and their secondary use. The existing industrial comminution technologies are characterized by large-scale production facilities, high energy consumption and environmental problems. So, electroerosion method seems to be one of the prospective and not applied industrially technologies for comminution of any conductive material at present time [18, 19]. At present time there are no scientific-technical developments for use of waste particles of corrosion-resistant alloys (which were dispersed by electroerosion) as charge material for manufacture of sintered products from these wastes. Conduction of complex theoretical and experimental investigations is required for these purposes. It will help to solve the problem of porosity decrease for sintered corrosion-resistant alloys and saving the expensive chromium. The aim of this research was examination of structure and properties of sintered samples produced in butyl alcohol and fabricated from corrosion-resistant powders subjected to electroerosion. Obtaining of the new relationships and interactions between composition, structure and properties of sintered corrosion-resistant alloys (from one side) and sintering technology for powder materials fabricated via electric dispersion of 12Kh13 steel wastes are estimated as novelty of this research. To solve the above-noted problem of obtaining low-cost porous-free microstructure of corrosion-resistant steels, the prospective technologies of electroerosion dispersion and spark plasma sintering will be applied. Structure and properties of sintered corrosion-resistant steel manufactured from electroero
{"title":"Structure and properties of sintered corrosion-resistant steel manufactured from electroerosive powders","authors":"E. Ageev, E. Ageeva, S. Khardikov","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.16","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion-resistant steels are characterized by several very valuable properties, thereby they are effectively used in different industries [1–3]. The sintering technology of corrosion-resistant steels has several features which are stipulated by high chromium affinity to oxygen and, respectively, by necessity of use of deeply dried protective media and high temperatures. Single and dual extrusion and sintering within the temperature range 1150–1300 °С are the most frequently applied technological procedures for manufacture of powder corrosion-resistant steels [4–8]. The properties of powder corrosion-resistant steels are generally determined by their porosity, thereby corrosion-resistant steels which are applied at present time are characterized by lower strength (by 10–30 %), plasticity (by 2–3 times) and impact toughness in comparison with the corresponding properties of cast steels. It restricts their application area. Porosity of corrosion-resistant steels has negative effect on corrosion resistance. This problem can be solved owing to use of the spark plasma sintering technology which allows to decrease porosity in sintered alloys to 1 % [9–14]. Additionally, presence of large amount of expensive chromium in corrosion-resistant steels is considered as one of the main problems of their recycling [15–17]. This problem can be solved via comminution of wastes and their secondary use. The existing industrial comminution technologies are characterized by large-scale production facilities, high energy consumption and environmental problems. So, electroerosion method seems to be one of the prospective and not applied industrially technologies for comminution of any conductive material at present time [18, 19]. At present time there are no scientific-technical developments for use of waste particles of corrosion-resistant alloys (which were dispersed by electroerosion) as charge material for manufacture of sintered products from these wastes. Conduction of complex theoretical and experimental investigations is required for these purposes. It will help to solve the problem of porosity decrease for sintered corrosion-resistant alloys and saving the expensive chromium. The aim of this research was examination of structure and properties of sintered samples produced in butyl alcohol and fabricated from corrosion-resistant powders subjected to electroerosion. Obtaining of the new relationships and interactions between composition, structure and properties of sintered corrosion-resistant alloys (from one side) and sintering technology for powder materials fabricated via electric dispersion of 12Kh13 steel wastes are estimated as novelty of this research. To solve the above-noted problem of obtaining low-cost porous-free microstructure of corrosion-resistant steels, the prospective technologies of electroerosion dispersion and spark plasma sintering will be applied. Structure and properties of sintered corrosion-resistant steel manufactured from electroero","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47598153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.03
A. Shapovalov, R. Dema, R. Amirov, O. Latypov
{"title":"Improvement of the secondary cooling mode for continuous casting of round billets at Ural Steel JSC","authors":"A. Shapovalov, R. Dema, R. Amirov, O. Latypov","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41411702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.20
S. Kartavtsev, E. Neshporenko, S. V. Matveev
{"title":"Primary diagnosis of energy efficiency in an integrated steel plant, based on intensive energy-saving methodology. Part 1","authors":"S. Kartavtsev, E. Neshporenko, S. V. Matveev","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49230069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.13
V. Gromov, Y. Ivanov, S. Konovalov, K. Osintsev
In last years, a new system of alloys known as highentropy alloys (HEA) has been attracting scientists’ attention [1–3]. Unlike traditional alloys high-entropy ones are composed of five and more main elements with a percentage from 5 to 35 at.% [4–7]. The idea of high-entropy alloys is that atoms of all elements are considered atoms of a dissolved substance, cause deformation of a crystal structure and improve thermodynamic stability of properties related to differences in atomic radii of components. It results in high entropy of a system to further manufacturing a material with unique properties, which are impossible in traditional micro-alloying techniques [8–10]. The original results obtained in the field of HEA are considered in detail in analytical reviews [11–13] where the HEA microstructure, properties, thermodynamics are described, results of modelling of their structure are considered and new variants of methods for obtaining the multi-component alloys are discussed. The HEA studies have shown that it is possible to form in them nanodimensional structures and even amorphous phases due to considerable distortions of lattice caused by difference in the atomic radii of substitution elements [1]. Present day practically all types of such alloys (structural, cryoand heat resistant, corrosion-resistant, those with special magnetic and electrical properties) as well as compounds (carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides, silicides) are being developed [14]. Improvement of alloy properties can be achieved by treating the surface with concentrated energy flows. The main feature of hardening materials with concentrated energy fluxes, in comparison with the methods of traditional thermal and chemical-thermal treatment, is the nanostructuring of their surface layers. This means a decrease in the scale level of localization of plastic deformation of the surface, which leads to a more uniform distribution of elastic stresses near it under the influence of operational factors. As a result, the probability of nucleation of microcracks in the surface layer leading to failure is significantly reduced. This increases both strength and ductility. One of the most promising and highly effective methods of surface hardening of products is electron-beam processing [15, 16]. Electron beam processing provides ultrahigh heating rates (up to 106 K/s) of the surface layer to predetermined temperatures and cooling of the surface layer due to heat removal to the bulk of the material at speeds of 104–109 K/s, resulting in the formation of non-uniform submicron nanocrystalline structural phase states. Effect of electron beam treatment on the structure and properties of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy
{"title":"Effect of electron beam treatment on the structure and properties of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy","authors":"V. Gromov, Y. Ivanov, S. Konovalov, K. Osintsev","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.13","url":null,"abstract":"In last years, a new system of alloys known as highentropy alloys (HEA) has been attracting scientists’ attention [1–3]. Unlike traditional alloys high-entropy ones are composed of five and more main elements with a percentage from 5 to 35 at.% [4–7]. The idea of high-entropy alloys is that atoms of all elements are considered atoms of a dissolved substance, cause deformation of a crystal structure and improve thermodynamic stability of properties related to differences in atomic radii of components. It results in high entropy of a system to further manufacturing a material with unique properties, which are impossible in traditional micro-alloying techniques [8–10]. The original results obtained in the field of HEA are considered in detail in analytical reviews [11–13] where the HEA microstructure, properties, thermodynamics are described, results of modelling of their structure are considered and new variants of methods for obtaining the multi-component alloys are discussed. The HEA studies have shown that it is possible to form in them nanodimensional structures and even amorphous phases due to considerable distortions of lattice caused by difference in the atomic radii of substitution elements [1]. Present day practically all types of such alloys (structural, cryoand heat resistant, corrosion-resistant, those with special magnetic and electrical properties) as well as compounds (carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides, silicides) are being developed [14]. Improvement of alloy properties can be achieved by treating the surface with concentrated energy flows. The main feature of hardening materials with concentrated energy fluxes, in comparison with the methods of traditional thermal and chemical-thermal treatment, is the nanostructuring of their surface layers. This means a decrease in the scale level of localization of plastic deformation of the surface, which leads to a more uniform distribution of elastic stresses near it under the influence of operational factors. As a result, the probability of nucleation of microcracks in the surface layer leading to failure is significantly reduced. This increases both strength and ductility. One of the most promising and highly effective methods of surface hardening of products is electron-beam processing [15, 16]. Electron beam processing provides ultrahigh heating rates (up to 106 K/s) of the surface layer to predetermined temperatures and cooling of the surface layer due to heat removal to the bulk of the material at speeds of 104–109 K/s, resulting in the formation of non-uniform submicron nanocrystalline structural phase states. Effect of electron beam treatment on the structure and properties of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45460240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.02
V. A. Gulevskiy, S. N. Tsurikhin, V. Gulevskiy, N. Miroshkin
The main feature of thermal mould work during its operation is presence of quick cyclically repeated one-side heats induced by liquid steel cast in a mould internal space, as well as consequent cooling processes (including the period after stripping of solidified ingot) [1–4]. A mould wall is subjected to thermal shock during ingot casting and solidification, which is accompanied by its thermal elastic and thermal plastic deformation (buckling). As a result, the high temperature gradient appeared in the mould wall, and essential temperature stresses are arisen; they reach the value of tensile strength of mould material, where gray cast iron is usually used. At the same time, the temperature effect of liquid steel leads to variation in the structure of metallic base, corrosion development, variation of thermal physical and mechanical properties, thermal fatigue of mould cast iron [5–9]. Multiple iterations of very intensive thermal effects on a mould (both on its construction and materials presented by cast iron) are considered as the main causes of its destruction and breakdown. The effect of thermal procedures on a mould can be assessed mostly correct only via joint analytical and experimental approach for solving this problem. Trustworthy description of the temperature field of mould wall is mandatory condition for determining the temperature effect of ingot on a mould; this is the main parameter of temperature stresses and variation of mechanical and thermal physical properties of material [10–12]. Overwhelming majority of the works manufacturing cast iron with spheroidal graphite uses the treatment technology in an open casting ladle with location of modifying additive on its bottom in the special cavity. This cavity is fenced by refractory barrier, and the process itself is known as SandwichVerfahren or “Sandwich process”. The methods of liquid cast iron processing are improved gradually [13–17]. Buckling investigation of the moulds for consumable electrodes in the process of vacuum arc remelting was conducted on the cast iron physical models in the form of hollow cylinders with internal diameter 22 mm, external diameter 32 mm and height 210 mm (scale 1:10) [18]. It is recognized at present time that computer-aided simulation of complicated tasks about heat exchange and stressed state of materials, dynamics of plastic appearances is often more acceptable than experimental investigations [19–22]. Research of modification influence on cracking resistance of cast iron in moulds
{"title":"Research of modification influence on cracking resistance of cast iron in moulds","authors":"V. A. Gulevskiy, S. N. Tsurikhin, V. Gulevskiy, N. Miroshkin","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"The main feature of thermal mould work during its operation is presence of quick cyclically repeated one-side heats induced by liquid steel cast in a mould internal space, as well as consequent cooling processes (including the period after stripping of solidified ingot) [1–4]. A mould wall is subjected to thermal shock during ingot casting and solidification, which is accompanied by its thermal elastic and thermal plastic deformation (buckling). As a result, the high temperature gradient appeared in the mould wall, and essential temperature stresses are arisen; they reach the value of tensile strength of mould material, where gray cast iron is usually used. At the same time, the temperature effect of liquid steel leads to variation in the structure of metallic base, corrosion development, variation of thermal physical and mechanical properties, thermal fatigue of mould cast iron [5–9]. Multiple iterations of very intensive thermal effects on a mould (both on its construction and materials presented by cast iron) are considered as the main causes of its destruction and breakdown. The effect of thermal procedures on a mould can be assessed mostly correct only via joint analytical and experimental approach for solving this problem. Trustworthy description of the temperature field of mould wall is mandatory condition for determining the temperature effect of ingot on a mould; this is the main parameter of temperature stresses and variation of mechanical and thermal physical properties of material [10–12]. Overwhelming majority of the works manufacturing cast iron with spheroidal graphite uses the treatment technology in an open casting ladle with location of modifying additive on its bottom in the special cavity. This cavity is fenced by refractory barrier, and the process itself is known as SandwichVerfahren or “Sandwich process”. The methods of liquid cast iron processing are improved gradually [13–17]. Buckling investigation of the moulds for consumable electrodes in the process of vacuum arc remelting was conducted on the cast iron physical models in the form of hollow cylinders with internal diameter 22 mm, external diameter 32 mm and height 210 mm (scale 1:10) [18]. It is recognized at present time that computer-aided simulation of complicated tasks about heat exchange and stressed state of materials, dynamics of plastic appearances is often more acceptable than experimental investigations [19–22]. Research of modification influence on cracking resistance of cast iron in moulds","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47890561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.14
I. Ushakov, I. S. Safronov
Amorphous and amorphous-nanocrystalline metal alloys have a great potential for practical use. The unique properties of such alloys are in demand in metallurgy, mechanical engineering, aviation, nuclear engineering, etc. [1–3]. Such materials are used in various fields of technical electronics, are part of structural composites, corrosion-resistant equipment elements, and so on. The practical use of amorphous alloys is expanding. Unfortunately, a significant part of the new amorphous alloys, especially bulk amorphous alloys, has a high cost. In this regard, amorphous iron-based alloys are of particular interest, since in addition to good performance properties [4], such alloys are relatively cheap. The creation of new methods for forming the properties of amorphous iron-based alloys will expand the scope of their practical use. Common and standardized methods for optimizing the properties of conventional metal alloys are constantly being improved, but they can rarely be applied to amorphousnanocrystalline structures [5–9]. The attempt to apply standard processing methods leads either to the mechanical destruction of such materials, or to the destruction of their structural state. As a rule, in amorphous nanocrystalline materials, the plastic characteristics significantly decrease with an increase in the microhardness index HV. For example, in the process of thermostatic, the material passes into the nanocrystalline/crystalline state, and the main factor affecting the reduction of the plastic characteristic is a decrease in the proportion of the amorphous phase and formation of nanocrystals [1–3, 10]. Superhard amorphous-nanocrystalline materials are usually brittle. Additional processing by classical methods of influencing the structure of the material dramatically reduces the useful properties, and in
{"title":"Directed changing properties of amorphous and nanostructured metal alloys with help of nanosecond laser impulses","authors":"I. Ushakov, I. S. Safronov","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.14","url":null,"abstract":"Amorphous and amorphous-nanocrystalline metal alloys have a great potential for practical use. The unique properties of such alloys are in demand in metallurgy, mechanical engineering, aviation, nuclear engineering, etc. [1–3]. Such materials are used in various fields of technical electronics, are part of structural composites, corrosion-resistant equipment elements, and so on. The practical use of amorphous alloys is expanding. Unfortunately, a significant part of the new amorphous alloys, especially bulk amorphous alloys, has a high cost. In this regard, amorphous iron-based alloys are of particular interest, since in addition to good performance properties [4], such alloys are relatively cheap. The creation of new methods for forming the properties of amorphous iron-based alloys will expand the scope of their practical use. Common and standardized methods for optimizing the properties of conventional metal alloys are constantly being improved, but they can rarely be applied to amorphousnanocrystalline structures [5–9]. The attempt to apply standard processing methods leads either to the mechanical destruction of such materials, or to the destruction of their structural state. As a rule, in amorphous nanocrystalline materials, the plastic characteristics significantly decrease with an increase in the microhardness index HV. For example, in the process of thermostatic, the material passes into the nanocrystalline/crystalline state, and the main factor affecting the reduction of the plastic characteristic is a decrease in the proportion of the amorphous phase and formation of nanocrystals [1–3, 10]. Superhard amorphous-nanocrystalline materials are usually brittle. Additional processing by classical methods of influencing the structure of the material dramatically reduces the useful properties, and in","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44666166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.08
A. Kazakov, V. A. Murysev, D. Kiselev
For various reasons defects are formed as discontinuities, which are identified by methods of nondestructive testing used by industry to evaluate the properties of materials in the conditions of mass industrial production. To determine the origin of their formation, investigations using light optical and scanning electron microscopy methods have to be made. The results of these studies are used to improve the technology at all stages of industrial production of metal products from the steelmaking process to the finished product [1–3]. Frequently, non-metallic inclusions (NMIs), including those inherited from the continuous cast billet, are the cause of the formation of discontinuities [1–2]. These inclusions can be exogenous, indigenous or mixed in origin. As a rule, the conclusion about the origin of inclusions is performed by a researcher of the testing laboratory, relying on his personal experience; therefore, all formulations of such reports reflect the individual approach of each engineer and are not universal. Such reports can only be processed manually, so they often go unclaimed, since they are not suitable for automated processing, for example, for finding patterns of defect formation and the ways to eliminate them. An objective judgment about the belonging of inclusions to the indigenous products of deoxidation and modification can be given on the basis of thermodynamic simulation of their composition [4–6]. Specialized commercial software Non-metallic inclusions interpretation technique for factory expertise of metal product defects
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