Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-08
Petar Praštalo, Mato Uljarević, R. Vukomanovic
Understanding the failure mechanisms of embankment dams due to overtopping is vital for flood protection, covering planning, design, and flood defence zone management. Typically, dam failure-induced flood wave propagation is modeled in 1D using Saint-Venant's equations. The breach itself is often simplified as a trapezoid defined by its final height, average width, side slopes, and the time required for complete formation. Often overlooked is the dynamic process of breach formation and its correlation with the outflow hydrograph during dam failure. This research scrutinizes the impact of breach parameters and progression curves on the outflow hydrograph. Two approaches were formulated: one crafting new equations for average breach width and formation time using global dam failure data and regression analysis, and the other employing these equations in 2D HEC-RAS dam failure modeling, comparing them with literature recommendations. The derived equations yield results similar to those in the literature. This study introduces a novel aspect by examining the mutual influence of results and floodplain areas on the outflow hydrograph, offering a comprehensive perspective on dam failure dynamics and its hydraulic consequences. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-08 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Effect of Breach Parameters and Progression Curves on Dam Failure Hydrograph","authors":"Petar Praštalo, Mato Uljarević, R. Vukomanovic","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-08","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the failure mechanisms of embankment dams due to overtopping is vital for flood protection, covering planning, design, and flood defence zone management. Typically, dam failure-induced flood wave propagation is modeled in 1D using Saint-Venant's equations. The breach itself is often simplified as a trapezoid defined by its final height, average width, side slopes, and the time required for complete formation. Often overlooked is the dynamic process of breach formation and its correlation with the outflow hydrograph during dam failure. This research scrutinizes the impact of breach parameters and progression curves on the outflow hydrograph. Two approaches were formulated: one crafting new equations for average breach width and formation time using global dam failure data and regression analysis, and the other employing these equations in 2D HEC-RAS dam failure modeling, comparing them with literature recommendations. The derived equations yield results similar to those in the literature. This study introduces a novel aspect by examining the mutual influence of results and floodplain areas on the outflow hydrograph, offering a comprehensive perspective on dam failure dynamics and its hydraulic consequences. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-08 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140467340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-011
Musa AbdulMuttalib Issa, A. Allawi, Nazar Oukaili
This study investigates the impact of varying glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) stirrup spacing on the performance of doubly GFRP-reinforced concrete beams. The research focuses on assessing the behavior of GFRP-reinforced concrete beams, including load-carrying capacity, cracking, and deformability. It explores the feasibility and effectiveness of GFRP bars as an alternative to traditional steel reinforcement in concrete structures. Six concrete beams with a cross-section of 300 mm (wide) × 250 mm (deep), simply supported on a 2100 mm span, were tested. The beams underwent four-point bending with two concentrated loads applied symmetrically at one-third of the span length, resulting in a shear span (a)-to-depth (h) ratio of 2.8. The experimental findings reveal that altering the GFRP stirrup spacing along the longitudinal axis of the beams, from 200 mm (equivalent to the effective depth (d)) to 50 mm (equal to (d⁄4)), altered the mode of failure from flexure-shear to flexure-compression. However, when the spacing was equal to or less than (d⁄3), there was no significant improvement in load-carrying capacity, as the contribution of GFRP bars in resisting shear loads was limited. Under service loads, the GFRP-reinforced beams exhibited wider cracks, but reducing the stirrup spacing helped restrain crack widening. Incorporating GFRP bars in the compression zone had a positive effect on reducing crack width in the tension zone. Additionally, using GFRP stirrups with spacing varying between (d) and (d⁄2) in the pure bending region increased the deflection ductility indexes. To enhance the ductility of GFRP-reinforced concrete beams, it is recommended to use GFRP stirrups in the pure bending region with spacing greater than the spacing between GFRP stirrups in the shear spans. The study highlights that the current ACI code overestimates the shear capacity provided by GFRP stirrups, particularly when the spacing is less than or equal to (d⁄3). Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-011 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Effects of GFRP Stirrup Spacing on the Behavior of Doubly GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams","authors":"Musa AbdulMuttalib Issa, A. Allawi, Nazar Oukaili","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-011","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of varying glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) stirrup spacing on the performance of doubly GFRP-reinforced concrete beams. The research focuses on assessing the behavior of GFRP-reinforced concrete beams, including load-carrying capacity, cracking, and deformability. It explores the feasibility and effectiveness of GFRP bars as an alternative to traditional steel reinforcement in concrete structures. Six concrete beams with a cross-section of 300 mm (wide) × 250 mm (deep), simply supported on a 2100 mm span, were tested. The beams underwent four-point bending with two concentrated loads applied symmetrically at one-third of the span length, resulting in a shear span (a)-to-depth (h) ratio of 2.8. The experimental findings reveal that altering the GFRP stirrup spacing along the longitudinal axis of the beams, from 200 mm (equivalent to the effective depth (d)) to 50 mm (equal to (d⁄4)), altered the mode of failure from flexure-shear to flexure-compression. However, when the spacing was equal to or less than (d⁄3), there was no significant improvement in load-carrying capacity, as the contribution of GFRP bars in resisting shear loads was limited. Under service loads, the GFRP-reinforced beams exhibited wider cracks, but reducing the stirrup spacing helped restrain crack widening. Incorporating GFRP bars in the compression zone had a positive effect on reducing crack width in the tension zone. Additionally, using GFRP stirrups with spacing varying between (d) and (d⁄2) in the pure bending region increased the deflection ductility indexes. To enhance the ductility of GFRP-reinforced concrete beams, it is recommended to use GFRP stirrups in the pure bending region with spacing greater than the spacing between GFRP stirrups in the shear spans. The study highlights that the current ACI code overestimates the shear capacity provided by GFRP stirrups, particularly when the spacing is less than or equal to (d⁄3). Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-011 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140470452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-012
Nguyen Quoc Pham, Giao Thanh Nguyen
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate air quality in Dong Thap province, Vietnam. The air quality data was collected during 2019–2020, representing the time of pre- and mid-COVID-19. Twenty-seven air quality samples (in the areas of urban, residential-administrative, hospital-schools, and industry-craft village areas) were used for the evaluation. Air quality was evaluated using national technical regulations on air quality, including QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT and QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. The difference of mean air quality between the areas was examined using a one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test at a significant level of 5%. The relationship between air quality parameters and microclimate factors was tested using Pearson correlation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to identify critical variables and potential sources of air variation. Cluster analysis (CA) was applied to group similar air quality sites, thus recommending air monitoring site selection. The results show that the air quality in the study area is not polluted. The concentrations of noise, TSP, SO2, and NO2in the mid-COVID-19 pandemic were significantly lower than those in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic due to the social distancing policy. There was a close correlation among air quality parameters, except for air humidity. PCA identified two to four potential sources of air variation, explaining 84.3%, 100%, 100% and 89.7% of the total air quality variance at urban, residential–administrative, hospital-schools, and industry-craft villages, respectively. CA divided the 27 sampling sites into eight groups by the differences, mainly in humidity, wind speed noise, TSP, and CO. Eight sampling sites could be potentially reduced from the current monitoring program for representativeness and cost-effectiveness purposes. All air parameters in the current study are significant for monitoring, and the potential sources of air quality variation are traffic activities, industrial production, craft village activities, and daily life using fuels in residential areas. The results of the current study provide useful information for air quality monitoring and management. Future monitoring programs should include toxic air pollutants in air quality monitoring programs. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-012 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Assessing Air Quality Using Multivariate Statistical Approaches","authors":"Nguyen Quoc Pham, Giao Thanh Nguyen","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-012","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current study was to evaluate air quality in Dong Thap province, Vietnam. The air quality data was collected during 2019–2020, representing the time of pre- and mid-COVID-19. Twenty-seven air quality samples (in the areas of urban, residential-administrative, hospital-schools, and industry-craft village areas) were used for the evaluation. Air quality was evaluated using national technical regulations on air quality, including QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT and QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. The difference of mean air quality between the areas was examined using a one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test at a significant level of 5%. The relationship between air quality parameters and microclimate factors was tested using Pearson correlation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to identify critical variables and potential sources of air variation. Cluster analysis (CA) was applied to group similar air quality sites, thus recommending air monitoring site selection. The results show that the air quality in the study area is not polluted. The concentrations of noise, TSP, SO2, and NO2in the mid-COVID-19 pandemic were significantly lower than those in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic due to the social distancing policy. There was a close correlation among air quality parameters, except for air humidity. PCA identified two to four potential sources of air variation, explaining 84.3%, 100%, 100% and 89.7% of the total air quality variance at urban, residential–administrative, hospital-schools, and industry-craft villages, respectively. CA divided the 27 sampling sites into eight groups by the differences, mainly in humidity, wind speed noise, TSP, and CO. Eight sampling sites could be potentially reduced from the current monitoring program for representativeness and cost-effectiveness purposes. All air parameters in the current study are significant for monitoring, and the potential sources of air quality variation are traffic activities, industrial production, craft village activities, and daily life using fuels in residential areas. The results of the current study provide useful information for air quality monitoring and management. Future monitoring programs should include toxic air pollutants in air quality monitoring programs. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-012 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140467329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-09
Kritsada Chayaboot, M. Boonpichetvong, T. Pannachet, Vanchai Sata, C. Chintanapakdee
In this paper, the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frames with crumb rubber mortar wall panels is reported. The tests of the crumb rubber mortar were conducted to obtain model parameters for equivalent diagonal compression struts. With a higher percentage of sand replacement by crumb rubber, the unit weight, the compressive strength, the tensile strength, and the modulus of elasticity of the crumb rubber cement mortar are decreased. Nonlinear pushover analysis of a simple frame shows that the RC frame with a wall panel with less crumb rubber demonstrates lower lateral deformation ability. The failure modes are affected by the amount of crumb rubber and are dependent on the modeling choice of the equivalent compression strut as the wall panel representative. Finally, the seismic performance of the RC building was studied by the equivalent static approach to explore the influence of the crumb rubber mortar wall panels on internal forces and deformations of the frame. With a higher percentage of crumb rubber, the weight of the infill wall panels and the overall weight of the building are reduced, which meets lower seismic base shear demand. This benefit is, however, traded off with higher lateral deformation and also higher inter-story drift of the studied building frames. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-09 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Seismic Performance of Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame with Crumb Rubber Mortar Wall Panel","authors":"Kritsada Chayaboot, M. Boonpichetvong, T. Pannachet, Vanchai Sata, C. Chintanapakdee","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-09","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frames with crumb rubber mortar wall panels is reported. The tests of the crumb rubber mortar were conducted to obtain model parameters for equivalent diagonal compression struts. With a higher percentage of sand replacement by crumb rubber, the unit weight, the compressive strength, the tensile strength, and the modulus of elasticity of the crumb rubber cement mortar are decreased. Nonlinear pushover analysis of a simple frame shows that the RC frame with a wall panel with less crumb rubber demonstrates lower lateral deformation ability. The failure modes are affected by the amount of crumb rubber and are dependent on the modeling choice of the equivalent compression strut as the wall panel representative. Finally, the seismic performance of the RC building was studied by the equivalent static approach to explore the influence of the crumb rubber mortar wall panels on internal forces and deformations of the frame. With a higher percentage of crumb rubber, the weight of the infill wall panels and the overall weight of the building are reduced, which meets lower seismic base shear demand. This benefit is, however, traded off with higher lateral deformation and also higher inter-story drift of the studied building frames. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-09 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140466669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-06
B. Herbudiman, Subari Subari, Bactiar Nugraha, Indah Pratiwi, Asnan Rinovian, Euneke Widyaningsih, E. D. Yanti, B. D. Erlangga, Jakah Jakah, S. Roseno
The escalating demand for construction materials driven by rapid population growth has heightened the reliance on cement binders, resulting in increased CO2 emissions from the cement industry. Geopolymers, considered environmentally friendly alternatives, have been explored in various studies to address this challenge. This research specifically investigates the impact of different types of ceramic waste bricks (BT), floor tiles (FT), roof tiles (RT), and sanitary ceramics (ST) on the physical and mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar. To provide a comprehensive understanding, this research examines the compressive strength, mineral phase, chemical bonds, and microscopic evolution of fly ash geopolymer mortar incorporating varying proportions of each ceramic waste type (25% and 50% fly ash replacement). A consistent mixture of Na2SiO3and NaOH was used for the alkaline solution in all formulations. The curing process was carried out at room temperature for 7, 14, and 28 days prior to the compressive strength test. The result revealed that the inclusion of 25% BT experienced higher strength compared to the control sample after 14 days, but the strength became comparable after 28 days at 40.24 MPa. A reduction in strength was evident with the addition of other ceramic components. Moreover, higher incorporation of CWP correlated with a faster setting time for fresh geopolymers. This was also linked to the degree of gel formation, as indicated in the microstructure images. The emergence of plagioclase minerals was evident in all formulations of the geopolymer products under XRD analysis, while the bond of the geopolymer signature, Si-O-T (T = Si or Al), was identified from the infrared spectra. The microstructure of the binder showed a geopolymer matrix alongside unreacted fly ash particles. Overall, CWP replacement up to 25% can be potential in fly ash geopolymer without sacrificing significant strength loss and remaining in the range of normal strength mortar. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-06 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Effect of Different Ceramic Waste Powder on Characteristics of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer","authors":"B. Herbudiman, Subari Subari, Bactiar Nugraha, Indah Pratiwi, Asnan Rinovian, Euneke Widyaningsih, E. D. Yanti, B. D. Erlangga, Jakah Jakah, S. Roseno","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-06","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating demand for construction materials driven by rapid population growth has heightened the reliance on cement binders, resulting in increased CO2 emissions from the cement industry. Geopolymers, considered environmentally friendly alternatives, have been explored in various studies to address this challenge. This research specifically investigates the impact of different types of ceramic waste bricks (BT), floor tiles (FT), roof tiles (RT), and sanitary ceramics (ST) on the physical and mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar. To provide a comprehensive understanding, this research examines the compressive strength, mineral phase, chemical bonds, and microscopic evolution of fly ash geopolymer mortar incorporating varying proportions of each ceramic waste type (25% and 50% fly ash replacement). A consistent mixture of Na2SiO3and NaOH was used for the alkaline solution in all formulations. The curing process was carried out at room temperature for 7, 14, and 28 days prior to the compressive strength test. The result revealed that the inclusion of 25% BT experienced higher strength compared to the control sample after 14 days, but the strength became comparable after 28 days at 40.24 MPa. A reduction in strength was evident with the addition of other ceramic components. Moreover, higher incorporation of CWP correlated with a faster setting time for fresh geopolymers. This was also linked to the degree of gel formation, as indicated in the microstructure images. The emergence of plagioclase minerals was evident in all formulations of the geopolymer products under XRD analysis, while the bond of the geopolymer signature, Si-O-T (T = Si or Al), was identified from the infrared spectra. The microstructure of the binder showed a geopolymer matrix alongside unreacted fly ash particles. Overall, CWP replacement up to 25% can be potential in fly ash geopolymer without sacrificing significant strength loss and remaining in the range of normal strength mortar. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-06 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140467997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-02
Jose Manuel Palomino Ojeda, Lenin Quiñones Huatangari, Billy Alexis Cayatopa Calderón, José Luis Piedra Tineo, Christiaan Zayed Apaza Panca, Manuel Emilio Milla Pino
The delay in the physical progress of construction creates additional costs, missed deadlines, and quality issues. The research aimed to estimate the physical progress of the project by using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and building information modeling (BIM). The methodology comprised capturing 848 high-resolution images of the Civil Engineering Laboratory construction site at the National University of Jaen, Cajamarca, Peru, using the Phantom 4 RTK drone. The photographs were processed using Agisoft 2.0.1 software, resulting in a point cloud. This was then imported into ReCap Pro 2023 software, which was used to assess the quality of the points. The Revit 2023 software was subsequently utilized to establish the phase parameters, linking the BIM model with the point cloud, filtering the model, and eventually exporting it to the Power BI 2023 software. The work's estimated progress utilizing the proposed methodology was 42.82%, which was not statistically significant compared to the Public Works Information System (INFOBRAS) of 43.14%. This allows for the automation of customary processes, the identification of crucial issues, and prompt decision-making. The study's originality lies in the suggestion of integrating aerial imagery with drones and BIM modeling for the real-time and precise estimation of work progression. This method provides a precise and effective substitute for traditional techniques for gauging the tangible advancement of projects. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-02 Full Text: PDF
建筑工程实际进度的延误会造成额外成本、工期延误和质量问题。这项研究旨在利用无人机（UAV）和建筑信息模型（BIM）估算项目的实际进度。研究方法包括使用 Phantom 4 RTK 无人机捕捉秘鲁卡哈马卡哈恩国立大学土木工程实验室施工现场的 848 幅高分辨率图像。使用 Agisoft 2.0.1 软件对照片进行处理，生成点云。然后将其导入 ReCap Pro 2023 软件，用于评估点的质量。随后使用 Revit 2023 软件建立阶段参数，将 BIM 模型与点云连接起来，对模型进行过滤，并最终将其导出到 Power BI 2023 软件。采用建议方法的工程进度估计为 42.82%，与公共工程信息系统（INFOBRAS）的 43.14% 相比，没有统计学意义。这样就可以实现常规流程的自动化，发现关键问题，并迅速做出决策。这项研究的独创性在于建议将无人机航拍图像与 BIM 建模相结合，以实时、精确地估算工程进度。这种方法可精确有效地替代传统技术，衡量项目的实际进展情况。Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-02 全文：PDF
{"title":"Estimation of the Physical Progress of Work Using UAV and BIM in Construction Projects","authors":"Jose Manuel Palomino Ojeda, Lenin Quiñones Huatangari, Billy Alexis Cayatopa Calderón, José Luis Piedra Tineo, Christiaan Zayed Apaza Panca, Manuel Emilio Milla Pino","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-02","url":null,"abstract":"The delay in the physical progress of construction creates additional costs, missed deadlines, and quality issues. The research aimed to estimate the physical progress of the project by using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and building information modeling (BIM). The methodology comprised capturing 848 high-resolution images of the Civil Engineering Laboratory construction site at the National University of Jaen, Cajamarca, Peru, using the Phantom 4 RTK drone. The photographs were processed using Agisoft 2.0.1 software, resulting in a point cloud. This was then imported into ReCap Pro 2023 software, which was used to assess the quality of the points. The Revit 2023 software was subsequently utilized to establish the phase parameters, linking the BIM model with the point cloud, filtering the model, and eventually exporting it to the Power BI 2023 software. The work's estimated progress utilizing the proposed methodology was 42.82%, which was not statistically significant compared to the Public Works Information System (INFOBRAS) of 43.14%. This allows for the automation of customary processes, the identification of crucial issues, and prompt decision-making. The study's originality lies in the suggestion of integrating aerial imagery with drones and BIM modeling for the real-time and precise estimation of work progression. This method provides a precise and effective substitute for traditional techniques for gauging the tangible advancement of projects. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-02 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140464900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-03
Andi Rusdin, Hideo Oshikawa, Andi M. A. Divanesia, Muksan P. Hatta
This research was conducted by equipping three temporary tidal stations located in three places inside Palu Bay with pressure-type tidal gauges. The stations recorded tidal series fluctuations for 4 months with a 5-minute sampling interval (Dt). Moreover, the simple and widely used least squares method (LSM) was applied to separate the harmonic constants of constituents, including amplitudes (Hi) and phases (gi), from the observed tidal series. A total of 11 dominant constituents were selected based on the largest magnitudes of tidal generating potential (CE), and these include M2, K1, S2, O1, P1, N2, Mf, K2, Mm, Q1, and Msf, which were diurnal, semidiurnal, and long-period constituents. The results showed that the semidiurnal constituents generated higher amplitudes than the diurnal constituents, while the long-period constituents produced quite small amplitudes. Furthermore, the ratios of amplitudes recorded showed that tidal in Palu Bay was mainly mixed with semidiurnal constituents. The difference between the observed and predicted values was quite small, and this showed the validity of the measurement conducted at the temporary tidal stations. The performance indicators applied also showed that LSM had acceptable accuracy compared to other methods. Moreover, tidal datums were calculated using the peak approach, and the average tidal range (RA) of Palu Bay was found to be 2.39 m. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-03 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Analysis and Prediction of Tidal Measurement Data from Temporary Stations using the Least Squares Method","authors":"Andi Rusdin, Hideo Oshikawa, Andi M. A. Divanesia, Muksan P. Hatta","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-03","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted by equipping three temporary tidal stations located in three places inside Palu Bay with pressure-type tidal gauges. The stations recorded tidal series fluctuations for 4 months with a 5-minute sampling interval (Dt). Moreover, the simple and widely used least squares method (LSM) was applied to separate the harmonic constants of constituents, including amplitudes (Hi) and phases (gi), from the observed tidal series. A total of 11 dominant constituents were selected based on the largest magnitudes of tidal generating potential (CE), and these include M2, K1, S2, O1, P1, N2, Mf, K2, Mm, Q1, and Msf, which were diurnal, semidiurnal, and long-period constituents. The results showed that the semidiurnal constituents generated higher amplitudes than the diurnal constituents, while the long-period constituents produced quite small amplitudes. Furthermore, the ratios of amplitudes recorded showed that tidal in Palu Bay was mainly mixed with semidiurnal constituents. The difference between the observed and predicted values was quite small, and this showed the validity of the measurement conducted at the temporary tidal stations. The performance indicators applied also showed that LSM had acceptable accuracy compared to other methods. Moreover, tidal datums were calculated using the peak approach, and the average tidal range (RA) of Palu Bay was found to be 2.39 m. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-03 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140466679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-013
Sivaprakash G., Padmarekha Ajithkumar
The mixing and compaction temperatures of the bituminous mixture are determined by the viscosity of the binder. It was always a concern to understand the influence of the type of filler on the workability of the bituminous mixture. The interaction of the filler with the bitumen plays a key role in this. The inert filler has a physical interaction with the binder, and the active filler will have both a physical and chemical interaction. Based on the type of interaction, the viscosity and shear thinning characteristics of the mastic (binder + filler) change, which will hence influence the workability of the bituminous mixture. An experimental investigation is conducted to measure the viscosity of the mastic with two types of filler, one chosen from the active filler category (hydrated lime) and another from the inert filler category (quarry dust). A shear rate sweep experiment was carried out within the temperature range of 100 to 160 °C to analyze the Newtonian and shear thinning responses of the mastic. Results indicate that, for an equivalent weight proportion of the filler, mastic containing quarry dust exhibited elevated Newtonian viscosity and zero-shear viscosity (as predicted using the Carreau Yasuda Model). Additionally, quarry dust mastic demonstrated a higher rate of shear thinning. Consequently, the beneficial effect of shear thinning during the compaction of bituminous mixtures has the potential to enhance workability and streamline the compaction process. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-013 Full Text: PDF
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When reconstructing cultural heritage sites, significant changes to the original design planning are not allowed. More rational methods are needed to increase the fire resistance of historical buildings, which will ensure their fire safety and preserve their architectural value. Nowadays, most heritage sites do not meet the safety requirements of modern buildings. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for increasing the fire resistance of cast iron structures. The key tasks are increasing the fire resistance of buildings during reconstruction and ensuring their fire safety during operation. The tasks have been achieved by developing a new methodology for increasing the fire resistance of cast iron. It includes an integrated approach to assessing the risk of a fire, a predictive model for the occurrence of fire danger, as well as various scenarios for the fire development caused by cast iron heating. The results’ analysis has allowed us to determine the fire resistance limits of cast iron structures. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the fire resistance of cast iron structures using a three-dimensional mathematical model. The resulting values have been obtained via differential equations of the laws of mass conservation, momentum, gaseous energy, and the optical density of smoke. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-015 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Development of a Method for Increasing the Fire Resistance of Cast-iron Structures of Cultural Heritage Sites under Reconstruction","authors":"Sergey Puzach, Lisienkova Liubov, Ekaterina Кamchatova, Lyudmila Nosova, Viktoriya Degtyareva, Valentina Tarasova, Liudmila Komarova","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-015","url":null,"abstract":"When reconstructing cultural heritage sites, significant changes to the original design planning are not allowed. More rational methods are needed to increase the fire resistance of historical buildings, which will ensure their fire safety and preserve their architectural value. Nowadays, most heritage sites do not meet the safety requirements of modern buildings. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for increasing the fire resistance of cast iron structures. The key tasks are increasing the fire resistance of buildings during reconstruction and ensuring their fire safety during operation. The tasks have been achieved by developing a new methodology for increasing the fire resistance of cast iron. It includes an integrated approach to assessing the risk of a fire, a predictive model for the occurrence of fire danger, as well as various scenarios for the fire development caused by cast iron heating. The results’ analysis has allowed us to determine the fire resistance limits of cast iron structures. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the fire resistance of cast iron structures using a three-dimensional mathematical model. The resulting values have been obtained via differential equations of the laws of mass conservation, momentum, gaseous energy, and the optical density of smoke. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-015 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140466449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-020
L. Salazar-Gámez, M. Luna-delRisco, Edgar Narváez-Jojoa, R. Salazar-Cano, Diana Rosales-Delgado, David Pinchao, Edson Ivan Santander-Yela, Juan David Cortez-Lopera, Luis Miguel Calderón-Estrada, German Mauricio Enríquez-Apraez, María Camila-Benavides Revelo, Sebastián Delgado-Garcés, L. Rocha-Meneses
Despite the recognized efficiency of natural coagulants, their widespread adoption in the water treatment industry remains low. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of three natural coagulants—Moringa Oleifera, Yausa (Abutilon Insigne Planch), and Breadfruit (Artocarpus Altilis)—in reducing water turbidity levels of 40–50 NTU. Among these, two are native plant species potentially applicable in rural Colombian areas, where there are evident disparities in water infrastructure. This research contributes to the development of these coagulants, exploring their integration with existing water treatment methods, determining their optimal concentrations, and efficiencies in turbidity removal. Our findings reveal significant turbidity removal efficiencies: 88.9% for Moringa Oleifera, 83.3% for Yausa, and 67.2% for Breadfruit. These results indicate the feasibility of these agents as sustainable replacements for traditional chemical coagulants, exhibiting a level of effectiveness alike to that observed in Moringa Oleifera. However, challenges in practical implementation and sustainability, covering technical, environmental, economic, and social aspects, are notable obstacles. The aim of this study is to not only demonstrate the effectiveness of these natural coagulants but also to encourage their broader acceptance and integration into sustainable water treatment practices incorporating two unstudied plant species, such as Yausa and Breadfruit, furthering research to overcome existing challenges. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-020 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Turbidity Removal Performance of Selected Natural Coagulants for Water Treatment in Colombian Rural Areas","authors":"L. Salazar-Gámez, M. Luna-delRisco, Edgar Narváez-Jojoa, R. Salazar-Cano, Diana Rosales-Delgado, David Pinchao, Edson Ivan Santander-Yela, Juan David Cortez-Lopera, Luis Miguel Calderón-Estrada, German Mauricio Enríquez-Apraez, María Camila-Benavides Revelo, Sebastián Delgado-Garcés, L. Rocha-Meneses","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-020","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the recognized efficiency of natural coagulants, their widespread adoption in the water treatment industry remains low. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of three natural coagulants—Moringa Oleifera, Yausa (Abutilon Insigne Planch), and Breadfruit (Artocarpus Altilis)—in reducing water turbidity levels of 40–50 NTU. Among these, two are native plant species potentially applicable in rural Colombian areas, where there are evident disparities in water infrastructure. This research contributes to the development of these coagulants, exploring their integration with existing water treatment methods, determining their optimal concentrations, and efficiencies in turbidity removal. Our findings reveal significant turbidity removal efficiencies: 88.9% for Moringa Oleifera, 83.3% for Yausa, and 67.2% for Breadfruit. These results indicate the feasibility of these agents as sustainable replacements for traditional chemical coagulants, exhibiting a level of effectiveness alike to that observed in Moringa Oleifera. However, challenges in practical implementation and sustainability, covering technical, environmental, economic, and social aspects, are notable obstacles. The aim of this study is to not only demonstrate the effectiveness of these natural coagulants but also to encourage their broader acceptance and integration into sustainable water treatment practices incorporating two unstudied plant species, such as Yausa and Breadfruit, furthering research to overcome existing challenges. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-020 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140470292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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