Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-016
Martina Gumsar Sorum, A. Kalita
The scarcity of competent soils in the desired locations has forced geotechnical engineers to look for soil stabilization that is sustainable and environment-friendly. In this regard, bio-cementation technology has received a lot of interest in this area because of its benefits over traditional soil stabilization techniques. The present study aims to examine the influence of the bio-cementation technique with and without Rice Husk Ash (RHA) on the permeability property of silty sand. Biocemented soil samples were prepared with various combinations of the bacterial solution (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 optical density (OD)) and cementation solution (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 molarity) at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 curing days. The RHA, an agricultural waste with good pozzolanic qualities, was added to the control soil and the biocemented soil samples at 5, 10, and 15% by weight. A falling head permeability test was employed in this study. The test results showed that the permeability of the soil decreased when the bio-cementation technique, with or without RHA, was applied. The permeability of the soil decreased with increasing BS and CS concentrations in all curing days. A greater decrease in the permeability value was seen when the RHA additive was added to the bio-cemented soil. The results of the micro-analysis tests were also in support of this reduction. Overall, the addition of RHA up to 10% with 1.0 OD BS and 1.0M CS at a 14-day curing period was noted to optimally reduce the permeability property of the soil. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-016 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Effect of Bio-Cementation with Rice Husk Ash on Permeability of Silty Sand","authors":"Martina Gumsar Sorum, A. Kalita","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-016","url":null,"abstract":"The scarcity of competent soils in the desired locations has forced geotechnical engineers to look for soil stabilization that is sustainable and environment-friendly. In this regard, bio-cementation technology has received a lot of interest in this area because of its benefits over traditional soil stabilization techniques. The present study aims to examine the influence of the bio-cementation technique with and without Rice Husk Ash (RHA) on the permeability property of silty sand. Biocemented soil samples were prepared with various combinations of the bacterial solution (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 optical density (OD)) and cementation solution (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 molarity) at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 curing days. The RHA, an agricultural waste with good pozzolanic qualities, was added to the control soil and the biocemented soil samples at 5, 10, and 15% by weight. A falling head permeability test was employed in this study. The test results showed that the permeability of the soil decreased when the bio-cementation technique, with or without RHA, was applied. The permeability of the soil decreased with increasing BS and CS concentrations in all curing days. A greater decrease in the permeability value was seen when the RHA additive was added to the bio-cemented soil. The results of the micro-analysis tests were also in support of this reduction. Overall, the addition of RHA up to 10% with 1.0 OD BS and 1.0M CS at a 14-day curing period was noted to optimally reduce the permeability property of the soil. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-016 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139294110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-015
Hugo Esquivel, Guang Lin
This article aims to amend the traditional formulas for polar moment of inertia suggested in Section R8.4.4.2.3 of ACI 318-19 and other sources. The authors claim that these formulas have been incorrectly derived as far back as 1960s due to an incorrect implementation of Steiner’s theorem (parallel axis theorem) for sections spanning in three-dimensional space. To support the claim, a formal proof using elementary calculus is presented in order to obtain the correct formulas with mathematical rigor. Then, the implications of using the traditional formulas versus the correct ones are investigated with the solution of a design problem related to a combined footing. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-015 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Amending the Traditional ‘ACI Commentary Jc Method’ and Other Sources","authors":"Hugo Esquivel, Guang Lin","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-015","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to amend the traditional formulas for polar moment of inertia suggested in Section R8.4.4.2.3 of ACI 318-19 and other sources. The authors claim that these formulas have been incorrectly derived as far back as 1960s due to an incorrect implementation of Steiner’s theorem (parallel axis theorem) for sections spanning in three-dimensional space. To support the claim, a formal proof using elementary calculus is presented in order to obtain the correct formulas with mathematical rigor. Then, the implications of using the traditional formulas versus the correct ones are investigated with the solution of a design problem related to a combined footing. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-015 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139294652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-012
C. Ikhsan
The armor layer is essential for maintaining stability on riverbed surfaces. This layer forms when bedload sediment moves until the bed's surface erodes, resulting in a stable layer that reaches an equilibrium state where no further sediment transport occurs. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of grain size and shear stress on armor layer thickness using evenly mixed sand and gravel with five different grain size variations. The research methodology consists of laboratory experiments and optimization analysis. The main instrument used is a sediment-recirculating flume constructed from plexiglass, measuring 10, 0.60, and 0.45 m in length, width, and height, respectively. Bed slope varies across gradients of 1%, 1.4%, 1.8%, 2.2%, and 2.6%. The constant flow rate is set at capacities of 25 l/s, 30 l/s, 40 l/s, and 45 l/s. The results show the consistent behavior of the channel bed surface under different flow rate variations. Meanwhile, the variables affecting armor layer thickness are the uniformity coefficient (Cu), the difference in shear stress on the bed surface (τo-τc)/τc), beds shear stress, and the critical shear stress of the sediment grain. The primary novelty of this research is a formula to determine armor layer thickness. It showed that both shear stress and the proportion of sand-to-gravel materials play significant roles in the armoring process and subsequent changes in the riverbed. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-012 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"The Effect of Shear Stress on Armor Layer Thickness Under Steady Uniform Flow","authors":"C. Ikhsan","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-012","url":null,"abstract":"The armor layer is essential for maintaining stability on riverbed surfaces. This layer forms when bedload sediment moves until the bed's surface erodes, resulting in a stable layer that reaches an equilibrium state where no further sediment transport occurs. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of grain size and shear stress on armor layer thickness using evenly mixed sand and gravel with five different grain size variations. The research methodology consists of laboratory experiments and optimization analysis. The main instrument used is a sediment-recirculating flume constructed from plexiglass, measuring 10, 0.60, and 0.45 m in length, width, and height, respectively. Bed slope varies across gradients of 1%, 1.4%, 1.8%, 2.2%, and 2.6%. The constant flow rate is set at capacities of 25 l/s, 30 l/s, 40 l/s, and 45 l/s. The results show the consistent behavior of the channel bed surface under different flow rate variations. Meanwhile, the variables affecting armor layer thickness are the uniformity coefficient (Cu), the difference in shear stress on the bed surface (τo-τc)/τc), beds shear stress, and the critical shear stress of the sediment grain. The primary novelty of this research is a formula to determine armor layer thickness. It showed that both shear stress and the proportion of sand-to-gravel materials play significant roles in the armoring process and subsequent changes in the riverbed. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-012 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139292758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-013
Amjad A. Yasin, Mohammad T. Awwad, A. Malkawi, Faroq Maraqa, Jamal A. Alomari
Tuff stones are volcanic sedimentary rocks formed by the consolidation of volcanic ash. They possess unique geological properties that make them attractive for a variety of construction and architectural applications. Considerable amounts and various types of Tuff stones exist in the eastern part of Jordan. However, the use of Tuff stones often requires experimental investigations that can significantly impact the accuracy of their physical and mechanical characteristics. To ensure consistent and predictable properties in their mix design, it is essential to minimize the effects of these experimental procedures. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as a promising tool to address such challenges, leveraging their ability to analyze complex data and optimize concrete mix design. In this research, ANNs have been used to predict the optimum content of Tuff fine aggregate to produce structural lightweight concrete with a wide range (20 to 50 MPa) of compressive strength. Three different types of Tuff aggregates, namely gray, brown, and yellow Tuff, were experimentally investigated. A set of 68 mixes was produced by varying the fine-tuff aggregate content from 0 to 50%. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for their compressive strength. These samples were then used to form the input dataset and targets for ANN. ANN was created by incorporating the recent advancements in deep learning algorithms, and then it was trained, validated using data collected from the literature, and tested. Both experimental and ANN results showed that the optimum content of the various types of used Tuff fine aggregate ranges between 20 to 25%. The results revealed that there is a clear agreement between the predicted values using ANN and the experimental ones. The use of ANNs may help to cut costs, save time, and expand the applications of Tuff aggregate in lightweight concrete production. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-013 Full Text: PDF
凝灰岩是火山灰固结形成的火山沉积岩。它们具有独特的地质特性，因此在各种建筑和构造应用中都很有吸引力。约旦东部存在大量不同类型的凝灰岩。然而，凝灰岩石材的使用往往需要进行实验研究，这可能会严重影响其物理和机械特性的准确性。为了确保其混合设计具有一致和可预测的特性，必须将这些实验程序的影响降至最低。人工神经网络（ANN）利用其分析复杂数据和优化混凝土混合设计的能力，已成为应对此类挑战的一种有前途的工具。在这项研究中，人工神经网络被用来预测凝灰岩细骨料的最佳含量，以生产出抗压强度范围广泛（20 至 50 兆帕）的结构性轻质混凝土。实验研究了三种不同类型的凝灰岩骨料，即灰色、棕色和黄色凝灰岩。通过改变细凝灰岩骨料的含量（从 0 到 50%），制作了 68 种混合料。混凝土立方体已浇注完成，并进行了抗压强度测试。这些样本随后被用于形成输入数据集和 ANN 的目标。通过结合深度学习算法的最新进展创建了 ANN，然后对其进行了训练，使用从文献中收集的数据进行了验证，并进行了测试。实验和 ANN 的结果都表明，各种类型的凝灰岩细骨料的最佳含量在 20% 到 25% 之间。结果表明，使用 ANN 得出的预测值与实验值明显一致。使用方差分析可帮助降低成本、节省时间，并扩大凝灰岩骨料在轻质混凝土生产中的应用。Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-013 全文：PDF
{"title":"Optimization of Tuff Stones Content in Lightweight Concrete Using Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"Amjad A. Yasin, Mohammad T. Awwad, A. Malkawi, Faroq Maraqa, Jamal A. Alomari","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-013","url":null,"abstract":"Tuff stones are volcanic sedimentary rocks formed by the consolidation of volcanic ash. They possess unique geological properties that make them attractive for a variety of construction and architectural applications. Considerable amounts and various types of Tuff stones exist in the eastern part of Jordan. However, the use of Tuff stones often requires experimental investigations that can significantly impact the accuracy of their physical and mechanical characteristics. To ensure consistent and predictable properties in their mix design, it is essential to minimize the effects of these experimental procedures. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as a promising tool to address such challenges, leveraging their ability to analyze complex data and optimize concrete mix design. In this research, ANNs have been used to predict the optimum content of Tuff fine aggregate to produce structural lightweight concrete with a wide range (20 to 50 MPa) of compressive strength. Three different types of Tuff aggregates, namely gray, brown, and yellow Tuff, were experimentally investigated. A set of 68 mixes was produced by varying the fine-tuff aggregate content from 0 to 50%. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for their compressive strength. These samples were then used to form the input dataset and targets for ANN. ANN was created by incorporating the recent advancements in deep learning algorithms, and then it was trained, validated using data collected from the literature, and tested. Both experimental and ANN results showed that the optimum content of the various types of used Tuff fine aggregate ranges between 20 to 25%. The results revealed that there is a clear agreement between the predicted values using ANN and the experimental ones. The use of ANNs may help to cut costs, save time, and expand the applications of Tuff aggregate in lightweight concrete production. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-013 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139292969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-05
Asser Elsheikh, Ali S. Albo-Hassan, Sora K. Al-Zayadi
Few researchers have investigated the internal torsional reinforcement of box timbers, so little research has been conducted on this particular fortification method. The primary objective is to find out the possibility of adding a certain percentage of RCA to the NC mixtures, as well as verifying the success achieved in repairing the cracks that occurred as a result of torsion with CFRP or injecting with epoxy, which has not been addressed in previous research and literature reviews. This study reinforces reinforced SCC box columns subjected to complete torsion with CFRP sheets and epoxy resin injections. Four reinforced SCC specimens (the first beam with 0%, the second beam with 33.3%, the third beam with 67.7%, and the fourth beam with 100% RCA by weight) were subjected to pure torsion until failure. The dimensions and reinforcement of every specimen are identical. In addition, the applied torque-twist angle relationship at the midspan and end span was investigated. Bending experiments were performed to establish load-deflection curves and assess failure modes. After structural rehabilitation, all beams exhibited increased rigidity values, according to the results. Epoxy resin and CFRP sheet contributed to the specimens' increased ultimate load. The ultimate strength of RCA beams strengthened with CFRP and injected with epoxy increased. The specimens' flexural strength was considerably enhanced by the combination of surface roughness and fracture injection, and the effectiveness of using RCA was very good; it could be replaced with NCA in concrete mixtures, according to the ratio and need. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-05 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Torsion Improvement of Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Beams Using Epoxy Injection and CFRP","authors":"Asser Elsheikh, Ali S. Albo-Hassan, Sora K. Al-Zayadi","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-05","url":null,"abstract":"Few researchers have investigated the internal torsional reinforcement of box timbers, so little research has been conducted on this particular fortification method. The primary objective is to find out the possibility of adding a certain percentage of RCA to the NC mixtures, as well as verifying the success achieved in repairing the cracks that occurred as a result of torsion with CFRP or injecting with epoxy, which has not been addressed in previous research and literature reviews. This study reinforces reinforced SCC box columns subjected to complete torsion with CFRP sheets and epoxy resin injections. Four reinforced SCC specimens (the first beam with 0%, the second beam with 33.3%, the third beam with 67.7%, and the fourth beam with 100% RCA by weight) were subjected to pure torsion until failure. The dimensions and reinforcement of every specimen are identical. In addition, the applied torque-twist angle relationship at the midspan and end span was investigated. Bending experiments were performed to establish load-deflection curves and assess failure modes. After structural rehabilitation, all beams exhibited increased rigidity values, according to the results. Epoxy resin and CFRP sheet contributed to the specimens' increased ultimate load. The ultimate strength of RCA beams strengthened with CFRP and injected with epoxy increased. The specimens' flexural strength was considerably enhanced by the combination of surface roughness and fracture injection, and the effectiveness of using RCA was very good; it could be replaced with NCA in concrete mixtures, according to the ratio and need. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-05 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139298732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-017
Yu. A. Sazonov, M. A. Mokhov, I. V. Gryaznova, V. Voronova, Kh. A. Tumanyan, Egor I. Konyushkov
This study aims to develop an interdisciplinary approach to solving innovative thrust vector control problems. The methodology involves the development of a working hypothesis about the ejection process when using a controlled nozzle to deflect the thrust vector (velocity vector) in any direction within a complete geometric sphere. When developing the working hypothesis, a multilateral analysis of individual facts and scientific and technical information is performed using tools in the "big data" area, assessing opportunities to apply the "Foresight" methodology for predicting the development of fluidics. The authors propose new mathematical models to describe the thrust vector in the distribution of the mass flow rate of the fluid medium between flow channels. Patents for inventions support the novelty of scientific results that reveal new opportunities for more active development of fluidics as applied to simple and complex jet systems with low and extremely high energy density in flows. The proposed methodology rests on a modern computer base and is a logical continuation and development of well-known Euler’s works. The computer simulation of multiflow jet devices mainly focuses on power engineering, production, and processing of hydrocarbons. Some results of this research work, including patented design developments and calculation methods, also apply to developing robotics, unmanned vehicles, and programable jet systems. The authors attribute further development of the interdisciplinary approach for solving inventive problems to the use of different AI options. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-017 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Solving Innovative Problems of Thrust Vector Control Based on Euler's Scientific Legacy","authors":"Yu. A. Sazonov, M. A. Mokhov, I. V. Gryaznova, V. Voronova, Kh. A. Tumanyan, Egor I. Konyushkov","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-017","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop an interdisciplinary approach to solving innovative thrust vector control problems. The methodology involves the development of a working hypothesis about the ejection process when using a controlled nozzle to deflect the thrust vector (velocity vector) in any direction within a complete geometric sphere. When developing the working hypothesis, a multilateral analysis of individual facts and scientific and technical information is performed using tools in the \"big data\" area, assessing opportunities to apply the \"Foresight\" methodology for predicting the development of fluidics. The authors propose new mathematical models to describe the thrust vector in the distribution of the mass flow rate of the fluid medium between flow channels. Patents for inventions support the novelty of scientific results that reveal new opportunities for more active development of fluidics as applied to simple and complex jet systems with low and extremely high energy density in flows. The proposed methodology rests on a modern computer base and is a logical continuation and development of well-known Euler’s works. The computer simulation of multiflow jet devices mainly focuses on power engineering, production, and processing of hydrocarbons. Some results of this research work, including patented design developments and calculation methods, also apply to developing robotics, unmanned vehicles, and programable jet systems. The authors attribute further development of the interdisciplinary approach for solving inventive problems to the use of different AI options. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-017 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139293572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-06
Giao Thanh Nguyen, Dan Hoang Truong
The study was carried out to assess surface water quality and ecological risks in water bodies in the southern region of Vietnam. The study used monitoring data at 58 locations, which were collected in March, May, June, July, August, October, November, and December of 2022, with 11 water quality parameters (temperature, pH, DO, TSS, BOD, COD, NH4+-N, NO3--N, Fe, Pb, and Cd). Comprehensive pollution index (CPI), ecological risk level, and multivariate statistical analysis methods were utilized. The values of CPI showed that the surface water quality was mildly polluted, moderately polluted, and severely polluted, accounting for 37.93, 46.93, and 15.52%, respectively. In particular, heavy pollution was concentrated in the water bodies of the Sai Gon and Vam Co Rivers. TSS, BOD, COD, NH4+-N, and Fe had a moderate to high level of risk, while water samples contaminated with NO3--N, Pb, and Cd had a level of risk from low to safe. High levels of risk were concentrated in the water bodies of the Sai Gon River and Vam Co River, typically BOD and COD. Based on the impact level, the positions were classified into five groups, with the locations on the Sai Gon River and Vam Co River (Groups 4 and 5) being affected by various waste sources in the inner city of Ho Chi Minh City. The PCA results presented three sources, such as discharge from residential areas, soil erosion, and agriculture, that have caused water quality fluctuations and increased the impact on the water quality of water bodies. Measures to protect water resources according to environmental protection laws must be implemented soon to minimize ecological risks from water-polluting sources. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-06 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Risks of Surface Water Pollution in Southern Vietnam","authors":"Giao Thanh Nguyen, Dan Hoang Truong","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-06","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to assess surface water quality and ecological risks in water bodies in the southern region of Vietnam. The study used monitoring data at 58 locations, which were collected in March, May, June, July, August, October, November, and December of 2022, with 11 water quality parameters (temperature, pH, DO, TSS, BOD, COD, NH4+-N, NO3--N, Fe, Pb, and Cd). Comprehensive pollution index (CPI), ecological risk level, and multivariate statistical analysis methods were utilized. The values of CPI showed that the surface water quality was mildly polluted, moderately polluted, and severely polluted, accounting for 37.93, 46.93, and 15.52%, respectively. In particular, heavy pollution was concentrated in the water bodies of the Sai Gon and Vam Co Rivers. TSS, BOD, COD, NH4+-N, and Fe had a moderate to high level of risk, while water samples contaminated with NO3--N, Pb, and Cd had a level of risk from low to safe. High levels of risk were concentrated in the water bodies of the Sai Gon River and Vam Co River, typically BOD and COD. Based on the impact level, the positions were classified into five groups, with the locations on the Sai Gon River and Vam Co River (Groups 4 and 5) being affected by various waste sources in the inner city of Ho Chi Minh City. The PCA results presented three sources, such as discharge from residential areas, soil erosion, and agriculture, that have caused water quality fluctuations and increased the impact on the water quality of water bodies. Measures to protect water resources according to environmental protection laws must be implemented soon to minimize ecological risks from water-polluting sources. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-06 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139292824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-011
Ali Sadiq Abbas
The water level fluctuates continuously at local, continental, and global levels. Consequently, remote sensing offers extensive data for assessing the location, extent, and variability of change, including the causes and changes that occur and the reactions and repercussions of change. Considering the significance of the water level, this research focuses on describing the methodology and process to determine the water level in the Al-Zab River. This study offers a straightforward and cost-effective approach and procedure for precisely delineating flood danger regions in the Al-Zab River basin utilizing a geographic information system and the existing database. The proposed strategy for regionally dispersing flood risks combines the size of prior flood events and the geographical distribution of their causes. This approach allows for the calculation of a weighted score for each participant's causative component. The regional distribution of the flood hazard intensity level is obtained by categorizing the spatial patterns of the flood hazard index. The 30-m digital elevation model with a high resolution was utilized to evaluate the water level in this river. Furthermore, this work is considered the first step towards enhancing information management in the studied area. This study mainly aims to explain how to outline and define watersheds using ArcGIS for flood mapping. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-011 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Watershed Delineation from DEM by Model Builder in ArcGIS","authors":"Ali Sadiq Abbas","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-011","url":null,"abstract":"The water level fluctuates continuously at local, continental, and global levels. Consequently, remote sensing offers extensive data for assessing the location, extent, and variability of change, including the causes and changes that occur and the reactions and repercussions of change. Considering the significance of the water level, this research focuses on describing the methodology and process to determine the water level in the Al-Zab River. This study offers a straightforward and cost-effective approach and procedure for precisely delineating flood danger regions in the Al-Zab River basin utilizing a geographic information system and the existing database. The proposed strategy for regionally dispersing flood risks combines the size of prior flood events and the geographical distribution of their causes. This approach allows for the calculation of a weighted score for each participant's causative component. The regional distribution of the flood hazard intensity level is obtained by categorizing the spatial patterns of the flood hazard index. The 30-m digital elevation model with a high resolution was utilized to evaluate the water level in this river. Furthermore, this work is considered the first step towards enhancing information management in the studied area. This study mainly aims to explain how to outline and define watersheds using ArcGIS for flood mapping. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-011 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139294450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-09
Mohammad Nadeem Akhtar, D. Malkawi, K. Bani-Hani, Abdallah I. Husein Malkawi
The excessive mining of high-quality river sand for cement sand mortar resulted in environmental impacts and ecological imbalances. The present study aims to produce sustainable mortar by combining solid waste such as desert sand, stone dust, and crumb rubber to fully replace river sand. In addition, replacing cement with silica fume helps reduce the environmental carbon footprint. The present research prepared three types of mortar mixes: natural dune sand mortar (M1), natural dune sand stone dust crumb rubber mortar (M2), and natural dune sand stone dust crumb rubber silica fume mortar (M3). The developed mortar samples were examined at ambient and elevated temperatures of 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C for 120 minutes. Furthermore, 3 cycles of 12 hours each at freezing temperature (-10° ± 2°C) and crushed ice cooling (0° to -5°C) were also tested. Results of the study showed an increment in compressive strength values in M1, M2, and M3 mortar mixes (up to 200°C). Later, an abrupt drop in the compressive strength was noticed at 300°C in all mixes M1, M2, and M3, respectively. The mix M3 combinations resist heating impacts and perform significantly better than other mixes M1 and M2. Also, M3 combinations resist the cooling effect better than M1 and M2. It can be concluded that the mortar mix M3 with desert sand, stone dust, crumb rubber, and silica fume combination is considered the best mix for both heating and cooling resistance. Hence, the developed sustainable mortar M3 combination can be utilized in all adverse weather conditions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-09 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Durability Assessment of Sustainable Mortar by Incorporating the Combination of Solid Wastes: An Experimental Study","authors":"Mohammad Nadeem Akhtar, D. Malkawi, K. Bani-Hani, Abdallah I. Husein Malkawi","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-09","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive mining of high-quality river sand for cement sand mortar resulted in environmental impacts and ecological imbalances. The present study aims to produce sustainable mortar by combining solid waste such as desert sand, stone dust, and crumb rubber to fully replace river sand. In addition, replacing cement with silica fume helps reduce the environmental carbon footprint. The present research prepared three types of mortar mixes: natural dune sand mortar (M1), natural dune sand stone dust crumb rubber mortar (M2), and natural dune sand stone dust crumb rubber silica fume mortar (M3). The developed mortar samples were examined at ambient and elevated temperatures of 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C for 120 minutes. Furthermore, 3 cycles of 12 hours each at freezing temperature (-10° ± 2°C) and crushed ice cooling (0° to -5°C) were also tested. Results of the study showed an increment in compressive strength values in M1, M2, and M3 mortar mixes (up to 200°C). Later, an abrupt drop in the compressive strength was noticed at 300°C in all mixes M1, M2, and M3, respectively. The mix M3 combinations resist heating impacts and perform significantly better than other mixes M1 and M2. Also, M3 combinations resist the cooling effect better than M1 and M2. It can be concluded that the mortar mix M3 with desert sand, stone dust, crumb rubber, and silica fume combination is considered the best mix for both heating and cooling resistance. Hence, the developed sustainable mortar M3 combination can be utilized in all adverse weather conditions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-09 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139296722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The active implementation of digital technologies in various fields, including in the construction industry, leads to the development of technological platforms to sell multiple products. The study examines the prerequisites for the formation of an organizational and technological platform for monolithic construction using pneumatic formwork, which is a set of material and labor resources and organizational and technological solutions that, through their consolidation with modern digital technologies, allow the implementation of construction projects with specified technical and economic requirements. This study aims to systematize various production and construction solutions, presenting them as a unified organizational and technological system that allows for achieving optimal criteria for construction products. Materials and methods: The factors ensuring its effectiveness were selected and systematized to form an organizational and technological platform. A complex system decomposition is presented at three levels of a hierarchical matrix using the analysis of hierarchies. The level of the stages of the life cycle of buildings and structures is taken as the basis, followed by the level of components of the areas of activity that form the platform's effective formation. At the last, lower level, some factors ensure its effective formation. The analysis of the totality of material and labor resources and organizational and technological solutions that make up the platform for constructing monolithic buildings and structures using pneumatic formwork systems was carried out. Results: For an adequate analytical description, it is proposed to use the a priori ranking method, which makes it possible to decompose the indicated factors influencing the effectiveness of the formation of an organizational and technological platform and to obtain specific criteria and alternatives inherent in the construction of monolithic buildings and structures on pneumatic formwork. The detailed development of an analytical apparatus for obtaining an integral assessment will be the subject of further research. Conclusions: The organizational and technological platform for monolithic construction using pneumatic formwork is an innovative tool for interaction between all participants in implementing such projects, aimed at successfully achieving construction design indicators in terms of time and cost and ensuring the required level of reliability and safety of the constructed facility. The novelty of the proposed approach is determined by the combined consideration of material, technological, organizational, and managerial solutions within a single platform to increase the efficiency of construction product production processes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-010 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Organizational and Technological Platform for Monolithic Construction Using Pneumatic Formwork","authors":"Valery Mishchenko, Azary Lapidus, Dmitry Topchiy, Dmitry Kazakov","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-11-010","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The active implementation of digital technologies in various fields, including in the construction industry, leads to the development of technological platforms to sell multiple products. The study examines the prerequisites for the formation of an organizational and technological platform for monolithic construction using pneumatic formwork, which is a set of material and labor resources and organizational and technological solutions that, through their consolidation with modern digital technologies, allow the implementation of construction projects with specified technical and economic requirements. This study aims to systematize various production and construction solutions, presenting them as a unified organizational and technological system that allows for achieving optimal criteria for construction products. Materials and methods: The factors ensuring its effectiveness were selected and systematized to form an organizational and technological platform. A complex system decomposition is presented at three levels of a hierarchical matrix using the analysis of hierarchies. The level of the stages of the life cycle of buildings and structures is taken as the basis, followed by the level of components of the areas of activity that form the platform's effective formation. At the last, lower level, some factors ensure its effective formation. The analysis of the totality of material and labor resources and organizational and technological solutions that make up the platform for constructing monolithic buildings and structures using pneumatic formwork systems was carried out. Results: For an adequate analytical description, it is proposed to use the a priori ranking method, which makes it possible to decompose the indicated factors influencing the effectiveness of the formation of an organizational and technological platform and to obtain specific criteria and alternatives inherent in the construction of monolithic buildings and structures on pneumatic formwork. The detailed development of an analytical apparatus for obtaining an integral assessment will be the subject of further research. Conclusions: The organizational and technological platform for monolithic construction using pneumatic formwork is an innovative tool for interaction between all participants in implementing such projects, aimed at successfully achieving construction design indicators in terms of time and cost and ensuring the required level of reliability and safety of the constructed facility. The novelty of the proposed approach is determined by the combined consideration of material, technological, organizational, and managerial solutions within a single platform to increase the efficiency of construction product production processes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-010 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139300273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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