Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-07
Jagadeesh Kasi, A. K. Kaliluthin
This paper aims to endeavor to develop a holistic Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) framework, amalgamating the utilization of building facilities and Building Performance Attributes (BPA) for appraising the performance of Construction and Design Firms (CDFs) alongside building performance indicators such as occupant satisfaction within residential apartment complexes. The study adopts a tripartite research methodology encompassing theoretical exploration, on-site investigations, and analytical examinations. The theoretical component entails an extensive literature survey to integrate 15 identified BPAs seamlessly. Field inquiries involve rating building performance and gauging occupant contentment. The subsequent analytical phase establishes correlations between building performance metrics and occupant satisfaction levels. This systematic approach synergizes user insights with building services, promising a rigorous and systematic building analysis. The outcomes underscore a robust correlation linking building performance attributes to occupant satisfaction, thus affirming the pivotal role of POE as an indispensable tool for appraising building performance. The analysis reveals ten highly correlated parameters, indicating a substantial 67% connection between the Building Performance Rating (BPR) and the Occupant Satisfaction Score (OSS). These influential parameters guide improvements and updates through Post-Occupancy Evaluations (POE). This process is a valuable learning tool for enhancing future organizational projects and improving building performance. The findings emphasize the pertinence of the criteria employed in evaluating building performance, which is relevant for assessing occupant contentment and CDF’s effectiveness. Comparing the previous research, this research posits the potential for widespread adoption of POE in augmenting CDFs' performance and lays the groundwork for expanding its utilization. The scholarly exploration introduces novel perspectives and paves the way for a comprehensive integration of POE to enhance CDFs' operational proficiency. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-07 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"A Comprehensive Approach to Assess Occupant's Satisfaction and Performances of Residential Building","authors":"Jagadeesh Kasi, A. K. Kaliluthin","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-07","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to endeavor to develop a holistic Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) framework, amalgamating the utilization of building facilities and Building Performance Attributes (BPA) for appraising the performance of Construction and Design Firms (CDFs) alongside building performance indicators such as occupant satisfaction within residential apartment complexes. The study adopts a tripartite research methodology encompassing theoretical exploration, on-site investigations, and analytical examinations. The theoretical component entails an extensive literature survey to integrate 15 identified BPAs seamlessly. Field inquiries involve rating building performance and gauging occupant contentment. The subsequent analytical phase establishes correlations between building performance metrics and occupant satisfaction levels. This systematic approach synergizes user insights with building services, promising a rigorous and systematic building analysis. The outcomes underscore a robust correlation linking building performance attributes to occupant satisfaction, thus affirming the pivotal role of POE as an indispensable tool for appraising building performance. The analysis reveals ten highly correlated parameters, indicating a substantial 67% connection between the Building Performance Rating (BPR) and the Occupant Satisfaction Score (OSS). These influential parameters guide improvements and updates through Post-Occupancy Evaluations (POE). This process is a valuable learning tool for enhancing future organizational projects and improving building performance. The findings emphasize the pertinence of the criteria employed in evaluating building performance, which is relevant for assessing occupant contentment and CDF’s effectiveness. Comparing the previous research, this research posits the potential for widespread adoption of POE in augmenting CDFs' performance and lays the groundwork for expanding its utilization. The scholarly exploration introduces novel perspectives and paves the way for a comprehensive integration of POE to enhance CDFs' operational proficiency. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-07 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140463042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-019
Natthaporn Hantanong, Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao, Thanapong Champahom, Chamroeun Se, V. Ratanavaraha
Road accidents pose severe and pervasive consequences, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where both the population and fatal accidents among youth and the elderly are steadily increasing. Therefore, this study aims to develop a model for risky behavior in near-miss incidents among motorcycle riders in Thailand. It intends to compare models between younger and older riders utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) with a multi-group approach. The data were examined employing modified instruments derived from the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ). Samples depicting risky riding behavior were obtained from both younger and older rider groups. Parameter invariance testing revealed differences between the two groups. Control errors notably emerged as the predominant factor contributing to near-miss incidents for both age groups. Speeding was identified as the primary concern for the younger group, while adverse weather conditions were deemed crucial for the older group. Based on this study, policy recommendations endorse the creation of targeted training programs for novice riders, emphasizing adherence to legal speed limits and the adoption of safe riding practices. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of preparing riders, especially those in the older age group, for adverse weather conditions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-019 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Assessing the Self-Report Instruments of Younger Versus Older Riders Involved in Near-Miss Motorcycle Incidents","authors":"Natthaporn Hantanong, Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao, Thanapong Champahom, Chamroeun Se, V. Ratanavaraha","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-019","url":null,"abstract":"Road accidents pose severe and pervasive consequences, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where both the population and fatal accidents among youth and the elderly are steadily increasing. Therefore, this study aims to develop a model for risky behavior in near-miss incidents among motorcycle riders in Thailand. It intends to compare models between younger and older riders utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) with a multi-group approach. The data were examined employing modified instruments derived from the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ). Samples depicting risky riding behavior were obtained from both younger and older rider groups. Parameter invariance testing revealed differences between the two groups. Control errors notably emerged as the predominant factor contributing to near-miss incidents for both age groups. Speeding was identified as the primary concern for the younger group, while adverse weather conditions were deemed crucial for the older group. Based on this study, policy recommendations endorse the creation of targeted training programs for novice riders, emphasizing adherence to legal speed limits and the adoption of safe riding practices. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of preparing riders, especially those in the older age group, for adverse weather conditions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-019 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140469449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-01
J. A. N. N. Jayakody, M. Nasvi, D. J. Robert, S. K. Navaratnarajah, L. C. Kurukulasuriya, F. Giustozzi, C. Gunasekara, S. Setunge
Roads and water pipe assets undergo various deterioration processes due to the high demand for their services. Maintenance of these assets is often planned as individual assets, and the interdependency among different assets is neglected. An integrated framework for cross-asset maintenance is required for optimum utilization of the available funds for asset maintenance. To date, there are very few studies focusing on the use of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for cross-asset maintenance of roads and water pipe assets. Therefore, this research aims to develop an integrated fund allocation model for the maintenance of road and water pipe assets. A model was developed using AHP analysis based on expert opinions captured through a questionnaire in order to obtain optimum maintenance fund allocation for the cross-assets, roads, and water pipes. Then, a case study corridor segment with the considered cross-assets was selected, and a trade-off analysis was conducted for the intervention alternatives considering different levels of service (LOS) of the asset elements. The results of the trade-off analysis can be used to identify the optimum intervention alternative that satisfies the budget requirement and results in the maximum benefit. Overall, asset managers can use the approach presented in the present study to develop a cross-asset fund allocation model when multiple assets are involved in maintenance. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-01 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Development of a Cross-Asset Model for the Maintenance of Road and Water Pipe Assets using AHP Method","authors":"J. A. N. N. Jayakody, M. Nasvi, D. J. Robert, S. K. Navaratnarajah, L. C. Kurukulasuriya, F. Giustozzi, C. Gunasekara, S. Setunge","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-01","url":null,"abstract":"Roads and water pipe assets undergo various deterioration processes due to the high demand for their services. Maintenance of these assets is often planned as individual assets, and the interdependency among different assets is neglected. An integrated framework for cross-asset maintenance is required for optimum utilization of the available funds for asset maintenance. To date, there are very few studies focusing on the use of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for cross-asset maintenance of roads and water pipe assets. Therefore, this research aims to develop an integrated fund allocation model for the maintenance of road and water pipe assets. A model was developed using AHP analysis based on expert opinions captured through a questionnaire in order to obtain optimum maintenance fund allocation for the cross-assets, roads, and water pipes. Then, a case study corridor segment with the considered cross-assets was selected, and a trade-off analysis was conducted for the intervention alternatives considering different levels of service (LOS) of the asset elements. The results of the trade-off analysis can be used to identify the optimum intervention alternative that satisfies the budget requirement and results in the maximum benefit. Overall, asset managers can use the approach presented in the present study to develop a cross-asset fund allocation model when multiple assets are involved in maintenance. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-01 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140469582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-010
.. Asmelita, L. Limantara, M. Bisri, W. Soetopo, I. Farni
This research intends to optimize the results of irrigation canals with the conversion of function to fisheries without reducing rice self-sufficiency regionally. However, irrigation is an infrastructure asset that needs to be used optimally. It is due to the water; water sources and irrigation infrastructure can provide more benefits to rice fields, which are to function as fisheries in the study location (West Sumatra Province). The aim of this research is to propose the optimal combinations of irrigated land planted with rice and those in the form of fisheries. The methodology uses System Dynamics due to the official BPS data. There are many tools that are used in this system dynamics approach, such as causal diagrams, archetype systems, diagrams of stock and flow, and the behavior of over-time graphs. The DSS generator for simulating the program in this study uses Stella, which is a new paradigm in the water resources system approach. The result shows that the potential increase in income that could be obtained by converting the rice fields to tilapia fisheries is about 126 million Rupiah per year per hectare. West Sumatra Province, as a national rice granary, has many districts that are more self-sufficient in rice, so it can be considered to utilize irrigation to become the irrigation for fisheries. The potential of rice fields that can be converted into fisheries while maintaining self-sufficiency in rice at the district/city level of West Sumatra Province is more than 61 thousand hectares, and it generates an increase in income of about 7.7 trillion per year. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-010 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Rice Self-Sufficiency and Optimization of Irrigation by Using System Dynamic","authors":".. Asmelita, L. Limantara, M. Bisri, W. Soetopo, I. Farni","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-02-010","url":null,"abstract":"This research intends to optimize the results of irrigation canals with the conversion of function to fisheries without reducing rice self-sufficiency regionally. However, irrigation is an infrastructure asset that needs to be used optimally. It is due to the water; water sources and irrigation infrastructure can provide more benefits to rice fields, which are to function as fisheries in the study location (West Sumatra Province). The aim of this research is to propose the optimal combinations of irrigated land planted with rice and those in the form of fisheries. The methodology uses System Dynamics due to the official BPS data. There are many tools that are used in this system dynamics approach, such as causal diagrams, archetype systems, diagrams of stock and flow, and the behavior of over-time graphs. The DSS generator for simulating the program in this study uses Stella, which is a new paradigm in the water resources system approach. The result shows that the potential increase in income that could be obtained by converting the rice fields to tilapia fisheries is about 126 million Rupiah per year per hectare. West Sumatra Province, as a national rice granary, has many districts that are more self-sufficient in rice, so it can be considered to utilize irrigation to become the irrigation for fisheries. The potential of rice fields that can be converted into fisheries while maintaining self-sufficiency in rice at the district/city level of West Sumatra Province is more than 61 thousand hectares, and it generates an increase in income of about 7.7 trillion per year. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-010 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140468061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-06
Hijratullah Sharifzada, Deming Yu
In the realm of construction project management, delays present a significant impediment, particularly within complex socio-political contexts such as Afghanistan. This study endeavors to elucidate the multifaceted nature of construction project delays in Afghanistan, employing the 4M1E (Man, Machine, Material, Method, and Environment) framework to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment. The research methodology entailed the development of a structured questionnaire grounded in an extensive review of pertinent literature, targeting 30 recognized causes of project delays. This instrument was administered to a representative sample of 144 professionals across the Afghan construction industry spectrum, including clients, consultants, and contractors. Analytical rigor was applied through the deployment of frequency, severity, and importance indices to evaluate the collected data. This analysis culminated in the distillation of ten paramount delay risk factors, encapsulating elements such as governmental policy stability modifications in project scope and design alongside delays in material testing and approval processes. A comparative dimension was incorporated to benchmark these findings against global standards, thereby enhancing the robustness of the study’s conclusions. Moreover, the research delineates the congruence and discordance among different respondent cohorts, bolstering the integrity of the identified delay factors through a validation of internal consistency and reliability. The strategic application of the 4M1E framework, contextualized within the Afghan construction landscape, furnishes pivotal insights for stakeholders, equipping them with a nuanced understanding necessary for the proactive mitigation of delay risks. The implications of this study are far-reaching, promising to augment project completion efficiency, budget adherence, and overall project success, with particular resonance for environments paralleling the intricacies of Afghanistan. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-06 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Construction Project Delay Risk Assessment Based on 4M1E Framework and Afghanistan Situation","authors":"Hijratullah Sharifzada, Deming Yu","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-06","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of construction project management, delays present a significant impediment, particularly within complex socio-political contexts such as Afghanistan. This study endeavors to elucidate the multifaceted nature of construction project delays in Afghanistan, employing the 4M1E (Man, Machine, Material, Method, and Environment) framework to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment. The research methodology entailed the development of a structured questionnaire grounded in an extensive review of pertinent literature, targeting 30 recognized causes of project delays. This instrument was administered to a representative sample of 144 professionals across the Afghan construction industry spectrum, including clients, consultants, and contractors. Analytical rigor was applied through the deployment of frequency, severity, and importance indices to evaluate the collected data. This analysis culminated in the distillation of ten paramount delay risk factors, encapsulating elements such as governmental policy stability modifications in project scope and design alongside delays in material testing and approval processes. A comparative dimension was incorporated to benchmark these findings against global standards, thereby enhancing the robustness of the study’s conclusions. Moreover, the research delineates the congruence and discordance among different respondent cohorts, bolstering the integrity of the identified delay factors through a validation of internal consistency and reliability. The strategic application of the 4M1E framework, contextualized within the Afghan construction landscape, furnishes pivotal insights for stakeholders, equipping them with a nuanced understanding necessary for the proactive mitigation of delay risks. The implications of this study are far-reaching, promising to augment project completion efficiency, budget adherence, and overall project success, with particular resonance for environments paralleling the intricacies of Afghanistan. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-06 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140521882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-07
Cuong H. Nguyen, Linh H. Tran
This article presents a solution using an artificial neural network and a neuro-fuzzy network to predict the rate of water evaporation and the size of the shrinkage of a self-compacting concrete mixture based on the concrete mixture parameters and the environment parameters. The concrete samples were mixed and measured at four different environmental conditions (i.e., humid, dry, hot with high humidity, and hot with low humidity), and two curing styles for the self-compacting concrete were measured. Data were collected for each sample at the time of mixing and pouring and every 60 minutes for the next ten hours to help create prediction models for the required parameters. A total of 528 samples were collected to create the training and testing data sets. The study proposed to use the classic Multi-Layer Perceptron and the modified Takaga-Sugeno-Kang neuro-fuzzy network to estimate the water evaporation rate and the shrinkage size of the concrete sample when using four inputs: the concrete water-to-binder ratio, environment temperature, relative humidity, and the time after pouring the concrete into the mold. Real-field experiments and numerical computations have shown that both of the models are good as parameter predictors, where low errors can be achieved. Both proposed networks achieved for testing results R2 bigger than 0.98, the mean of squared errors for water evaporation percentage was less than 1.43%, and the mean of squared errors for shrinkage sizes was less than 0.105 mm/m. The computation requirements of the two models in testing mode are also low, which can allow their easy use in practical applications. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-07 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"The Application of Neural Networks to Predict the Water Evaporation Percentage and the Plastic Shrinkage Size of Self-Compacting Concrete Structure","authors":"Cuong H. Nguyen, Linh H. Tran","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-07","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a solution using an artificial neural network and a neuro-fuzzy network to predict the rate of water evaporation and the size of the shrinkage of a self-compacting concrete mixture based on the concrete mixture parameters and the environment parameters. The concrete samples were mixed and measured at four different environmental conditions (i.e., humid, dry, hot with high humidity, and hot with low humidity), and two curing styles for the self-compacting concrete were measured. Data were collected for each sample at the time of mixing and pouring and every 60 minutes for the next ten hours to help create prediction models for the required parameters. A total of 528 samples were collected to create the training and testing data sets. The study proposed to use the classic Multi-Layer Perceptron and the modified Takaga-Sugeno-Kang neuro-fuzzy network to estimate the water evaporation rate and the shrinkage size of the concrete sample when using four inputs: the concrete water-to-binder ratio, environment temperature, relative humidity, and the time after pouring the concrete into the mold. Real-field experiments and numerical computations have shown that both of the models are good as parameter predictors, where low errors can be achieved. Both proposed networks achieved for testing results R2 bigger than 0.98, the mean of squared errors for water evaporation percentage was less than 1.43%, and the mean of squared errors for shrinkage sizes was less than 0.105 mm/m. The computation requirements of the two models in testing mode are also low, which can allow their easy use in practical applications. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-07 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140524901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-01
Sudip Shakya, S. Inazumi
This study emphasizes the importance of accurate input parameters for ensuring the precision and reliability of simulations by conducting a sensitivity analysis to determine the calculation and material parameters. The aim is to determine the exact material parameters, for two different soil samples in a rigid state, by comparing the results of a sensitivity analysis with the unconfined compression test benchmark data for each sample. The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method, one of the particle methods, was chosen to reproduce the unconfined compression test simulation. The soil particles were assumed to be in the rigid state of the Bingham fluid bi-viscosity model. The first part of the study focuses on a sensitivity analysis of the basic simulation parameter values inputted during the simulation setup for the calculation procedure and the selection of the criteria for the calculation method, and then recommends the optimum values for a higher degree of accuracy based on the results. The second part of the study uses the results to analyze the sensitivity of each influencing parameter of the bi-viscosity Bingham fluid. In the final section, this study will provide a general guideline for selecting the optimum values for the MPS parameters and will recommend approximate values for other soil samples in future research with properties similar to those used in this study. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-01 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Applicability of Numerical Simulation by Particle Method to Unconfined Compression Tests on Geomaterials","authors":"Sudip Shakya, S. Inazumi","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-01","url":null,"abstract":"This study emphasizes the importance of accurate input parameters for ensuring the precision and reliability of simulations by conducting a sensitivity analysis to determine the calculation and material parameters. The aim is to determine the exact material parameters, for two different soil samples in a rigid state, by comparing the results of a sensitivity analysis with the unconfined compression test benchmark data for each sample. The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method, one of the particle methods, was chosen to reproduce the unconfined compression test simulation. The soil particles were assumed to be in the rigid state of the Bingham fluid bi-viscosity model. The first part of the study focuses on a sensitivity analysis of the basic simulation parameter values inputted during the simulation setup for the calculation procedure and the selection of the criteria for the calculation method, and then recommends the optimum values for a higher degree of accuracy based on the results. The second part of the study uses the results to analyze the sensitivity of each influencing parameter of the bi-viscosity Bingham fluid. In the final section, this study will provide a general guideline for selecting the optimum values for the MPS parameters and will recommend approximate values for other soil samples in future research with properties similar to those used in this study. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-01 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140516977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-014
R. Djamaluddin, R. Irmawaty, .. Fakhruddin, Kohei Yamaguchi
One of the common causes of damage to the concrete structures close to the sea line is corrosion on the steel reinforcement in the concrete, which may cause spalling on the concrete cover. This paper presents the results of the simulation of the corroded reinforced concrete beams, which were repaired using the grouting method and FRP strengthening. The concrete cover of the beam specimens on the tensile side was filled with grouted concrete instead of filled with normal concrete to simulate the repair of concrete spalling. Three types of beam specimens were prepared and tested under a monotonic loading. BG and BPF were the specimens for beams with grouting only and beams with grouting and flexural strengthening using FRP sheets, respectively. Flexural strengthening using FRP sheets was carried out to restore the flexural capacity. As a comparison, control beams were also prepared in the form of normal reinforced concrete (BN). The results showed that the BG beam had a capacity of only about 50% compared to the control beam (BN). However, applying flexural strengthening using FRP sheet as on the type BGF beams showed that it had approximately the same capacity as BN specimens. This indicated that the repair method using grouting on damaged concrete covers and strengthening using FRP sheets was an effective alternative to repairing the corroded reinforced concrete beams. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-014 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Flexural Behavior of Repaired Reinforced Concrete Beams Due to Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement Using Grouting and FRP Sheet Strengthening","authors":"R. Djamaluddin, R. Irmawaty, .. Fakhruddin, Kohei Yamaguchi","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-014","url":null,"abstract":"One of the common causes of damage to the concrete structures close to the sea line is corrosion on the steel reinforcement in the concrete, which may cause spalling on the concrete cover. This paper presents the results of the simulation of the corroded reinforced concrete beams, which were repaired using the grouting method and FRP strengthening. The concrete cover of the beam specimens on the tensile side was filled with grouted concrete instead of filled with normal concrete to simulate the repair of concrete spalling. Three types of beam specimens were prepared and tested under a monotonic loading. BG and BPF were the specimens for beams with grouting only and beams with grouting and flexural strengthening using FRP sheets, respectively. Flexural strengthening using FRP sheets was carried out to restore the flexural capacity. As a comparison, control beams were also prepared in the form of normal reinforced concrete (BN). The results showed that the BG beam had a capacity of only about 50% compared to the control beam (BN). However, applying flexural strengthening using FRP sheet as on the type BGF beams showed that it had approximately the same capacity as BN specimens. This indicated that the repair method using grouting on damaged concrete covers and strengthening using FRP sheets was an effective alternative to repairing the corroded reinforced concrete beams. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-014 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-013
Abdulamir A. Karim, Jawad Abd Matooq, O. Abdulrazzaq, F. Majeed, S. Saleh
In today's construction industry, the use of composite beams is becoming more and more important, particularly for long-span bridges that must withstand repeated loads from moving automobiles. This work investigates the behavior of composite beams through experimentation. Six push-out steel-concrete specimens are made and tested with various levels of static and repetitive loading applied. The specimens are made of rolled steel sections that are joined to concrete decks on both sides by stud shear connectors. Two approaches—one static and the other repeating—applied a push-out load to two sets of samples. One has a stud shear connector measuring 16 mm, and the other measures 25 mm. Three specimens were made for each group. To determine the final load, one specimen from each group underwent a static push-out test in the first stage. In the subsequent phase, repeated loads of 0-80% and 25-80% of the maximum static load were applied to the remaining ones. The analysis process measured the variation in slip between the concrete decks and the steel section over several load cycles. It was found that the recorded slip values at the ultimate load increased about four times just before the failure. The recorded values of the residual slip at the end of each load cycle decreased with the increase in load cycle numbers. Also, it was found that the values of the residual slip depend on the values of the lower and upper limits of the load level. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-013 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"The behavior of Shear Connectors in Steel-Normal Concrete Composite Structure under Repeated Loads","authors":"Abdulamir A. Karim, Jawad Abd Matooq, O. Abdulrazzaq, F. Majeed, S. Saleh","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-013","url":null,"abstract":"In today's construction industry, the use of composite beams is becoming more and more important, particularly for long-span bridges that must withstand repeated loads from moving automobiles. This work investigates the behavior of composite beams through experimentation. Six push-out steel-concrete specimens are made and tested with various levels of static and repetitive loading applied. The specimens are made of rolled steel sections that are joined to concrete decks on both sides by stud shear connectors. Two approaches—one static and the other repeating—applied a push-out load to two sets of samples. One has a stud shear connector measuring 16 mm, and the other measures 25 mm. Three specimens were made for each group. To determine the final load, one specimen from each group underwent a static push-out test in the first stage. In the subsequent phase, repeated loads of 0-80% and 25-80% of the maximum static load were applied to the remaining ones. The analysis process measured the variation in slip between the concrete decks and the steel section over several load cycles. It was found that the recorded slip values at the ultimate load increased about four times just before the failure. The recorded values of the residual slip at the end of each load cycle decreased with the increase in load cycle numbers. Also, it was found that the values of the residual slip depend on the values of the lower and upper limits of the load level. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-013 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140524721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-020
Mohammed Yahya Mohammed Al-Fasih, W. Edris, Samy Elbialy, A. Marsono, Abd Al-Kader A. Al Sayed
Throughout history, the construction industry has been a significant contributor to construction waste, presenting an ongoing challenge in efficiently managing this waste to mitigate environmental pollution. The Industrialized Building System (IBS) stands out as a construction approach that utilizes prefabricated components made from various waste materials, implemented with machinery and formwork, leading to minimal waste production. The potential failure of IBS blockwork columns under lateral loads is a significant concern, and the deformation of these columns is crucial in assessing overall structural performance against lateral forces. This study focuses on examining the deformation and flexibility of components in IBS blockwork columns when subjected to lateral loads. Using Finite Element Modeling (FEM), a 1:5 scale prototype model of the dual-reinforced system IBS Block Work Column is analyzed. The IBS Block Work Column, comprising four prefabricated components assembled in the form of a crucifix plan to enhance lateral stability, is subjected to FEM analysis and experimental investigations. The study aims to explore the impact of four different shapes of reinforcement on deformation resistance. The findings suggest that employing a dual-reinforced system in the IBS Block Work Column enhances its resistance to lateral loads compared to a column with conventional reinforcement. Moreover, the assembled IBS Block Work Column exhibits greater stiffness than a single prefabricated component when subjected to lateral loads. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-020 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Lateral Displacement Behavior of IBS Precast Concrete Elements Reinforced with Dual System","authors":"Mohammed Yahya Mohammed Al-Fasih, W. Edris, Samy Elbialy, A. Marsono, Abd Al-Kader A. Al Sayed","doi":"10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-01-020","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, the construction industry has been a significant contributor to construction waste, presenting an ongoing challenge in efficiently managing this waste to mitigate environmental pollution. The Industrialized Building System (IBS) stands out as a construction approach that utilizes prefabricated components made from various waste materials, implemented with machinery and formwork, leading to minimal waste production. The potential failure of IBS blockwork columns under lateral loads is a significant concern, and the deformation of these columns is crucial in assessing overall structural performance against lateral forces. This study focuses on examining the deformation and flexibility of components in IBS blockwork columns when subjected to lateral loads. Using Finite Element Modeling (FEM), a 1:5 scale prototype model of the dual-reinforced system IBS Block Work Column is analyzed. The IBS Block Work Column, comprising four prefabricated components assembled in the form of a crucifix plan to enhance lateral stability, is subjected to FEM analysis and experimental investigations. The study aims to explore the impact of four different shapes of reinforcement on deformation resistance. The findings suggest that employing a dual-reinforced system in the IBS Block Work Column enhances its resistance to lateral loads compared to a column with conventional reinforcement. Moreover, the assembled IBS Block Work Column exhibits greater stiffness than a single prefabricated component when subjected to lateral loads. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-020 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140526781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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