Victor Fernando Marulanda Cardona, Itzayana González Ávila, Alexandra Lopez Vanegas, J. Buitrago
Reducing sugars produced from agro-industrial wastes by means of hydrolysis represent a promising alternative of chemicals and energy. Yet, large scale production still struggles with several factors involving process complexity, sugars degradation, corrosion, enzyme recyclability and economic feasibility. More recently, sub and supercritical water hydrolysis has been reported for the production of reducing sugars as a readily available alternative to acid and enzymatic biomass hydrolysis. Accordingly, in this work the results of batch and semicontinuous lab scale subcritical water hydrolysis experiments of agro-industrial wastes of pea pot and corn stover are discussed. Experiments were carried in the temperature range 250 to 300 °C, pressures up to 3650 psi, residence times up to 30 minutes in batch mode operation or water flowrates up to 12 mL/min in semicontinuous mode operation. Produced sugars were assessed in the effluent of each experimental run by means of dinitrosalicilic acid method (DNS). A maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) yield of 21.8% was measured for batch pea pot subcritical water hydrolysis experiments at 300°C, 15 minutes, 3650 psi and 1:6 biomass to water mass ratio. Semicontinuous subcritical water hydrolysis of corn stover showed a maximum TRS accumulated yield of 19% at 290 °C, 1500 psi and water flowrate of 9 mL/min. The results showed the feasibility of producing reducing sugars from agro-industrial wastes currently discarded through subcritical hydrolysis.
{"title":"Assessment of reducing sugars production from agro-industrial wastes by batch and semicontinuous subcritical water hydrolysis","authors":"Victor Fernando Marulanda Cardona, Itzayana González Ávila, Alexandra Lopez Vanegas, J. Buitrago","doi":"10.29047/01225383.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.267","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing sugars produced from agro-industrial wastes by means of hydrolysis represent a promising alternative of chemicals and energy. Yet, large scale production still struggles with several factors involving process complexity, sugars degradation, corrosion, enzyme recyclability and economic feasibility. More recently, sub and supercritical water hydrolysis has been reported for the production of reducing sugars as a readily available alternative to acid and enzymatic biomass hydrolysis. Accordingly, in this work the results of batch and semicontinuous lab scale subcritical water hydrolysis experiments of agro-industrial wastes of pea pot and corn stover are discussed. Experiments were carried in the temperature range 250 to 300 °C, pressures up to 3650 psi, residence times up to 30 minutes in batch mode operation or water flowrates up to 12 mL/min in semicontinuous mode operation. Produced sugars were assessed in the effluent of each experimental run by means of dinitrosalicilic acid method (DNS). A maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) yield of 21.8% was measured for batch pea pot subcritical water hydrolysis experiments at 300°C, 15 minutes, 3650 psi and 1:6 biomass to water mass ratio. Semicontinuous subcritical water hydrolysis of corn stover showed a maximum TRS accumulated yield of 19% at 290 °C, 1500 psi and water flowrate of 9 mL/min. The results showed the feasibility of producing reducing sugars from agro-industrial wastes currently discarded through subcritical hydrolysis.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"26 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88791380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Herrera, L. Prada, G. Maya, Jose Gómez, Ruben Castro, H. Quintero, Robinson Jimenez Diaz, Eduar Pérez
Polymer flooding is a widely used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology. The purpose of the polymer is to increase water viscosity to improve reservoir sweep efficiency. However, mechanical elements of the polymer injection facilities may impact the viscosity of the polymer negatively, decreasing it drastically. Mechanical degradation of the polymer occurs in case of flow restrictions with abrupt diameter changes in valves and control systems. Such flow restrictions may induce mechanical stresses along the polymer chain, which can result in its rupture. In this research, physical experiments and numerical simulations using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) were used to propose a model for estimating the mechanical degradation for the flow of polymer solutions. This technique involves the calculation of velocity gradients, pressure drawdown, and polymer degradation of the fluid through geometry restriction. The simulations were validated through polymer injection experiments. The results show that with the greater volumetric flow and lower effective diameters, there is more mechanical degradation due to polymer shearing; nonetheless, this depends on the rheology properties inherent in each polymer in an aqueous solution. This method is suitable to estimate the mechanical degradation of the polymer solution in flooding facilities and accessories. Further, the results obtained could enhance the use of the polymer, calculating its actual mechanical degradation, minimizing it, or using it to support the development of new accessories.
{"title":"CFD simulation of HPAM EOR solutions mechanical degradation by restrictions in turbulent flow","authors":"J. Herrera, L. Prada, G. Maya, Jose Gómez, Ruben Castro, H. Quintero, Robinson Jimenez Diaz, Eduar Pérez","doi":"10.29047/01225383.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.255","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer flooding is a widely used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology. The purpose of the polymer is to increase water viscosity to improve reservoir sweep efficiency. However, mechanical elements of the polymer injection facilities may impact the viscosity of the polymer negatively, decreasing it drastically. Mechanical degradation of the polymer occurs in case of flow restrictions with abrupt diameter changes in valves and control systems. Such flow restrictions may induce mechanical stresses along the polymer chain, which can result in its rupture. In this research, physical experiments and numerical simulations using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) were used to propose a model for estimating the mechanical degradation for the flow of polymer solutions. This technique involves the calculation of velocity gradients, pressure drawdown, and polymer degradation of the fluid through geometry restriction. The simulations were validated through polymer injection experiments. The results show that with the greater volumetric flow and lower effective diameters, there is more mechanical degradation due to polymer shearing; nonetheless, this depends on the rheology properties inherent in each polymer in an aqueous solution. \u0000This method is suitable to estimate the mechanical degradation of the polymer solution in flooding facilities and accessories. Further, the results obtained could enhance the use of the polymer, calculating its actual mechanical degradation, minimizing it, or using it to support the development of new accessories.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"136 1","pages":"115-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86418725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra Milena Téllez Gutiérrez, Oscar Germán Duarte Velasco, Javier A. Rosero García
This paper sets out features of traditional Energy Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) employed in energy management programs; then, new indicators are proposed based on Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) usage. These indicators make it possible to directly relate the amount of energy, type of end use and user consumption patterns. Analysis of AMI system information enables planning for differentiated Demand-Side Management (DSM) strategies. A case study developed at Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogota campus is presented, which proposes new Energy Key Performance Indicators in Real Time. These indicators enable information analysis and DSM strategies that are appropriate for new technologies and that are aimed at increasing energy efficiency. Additionally, this paper presents the factors that have to be taken into account when implementing KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) and the decision-making process. This results in variable overall energy savings between 5 and 40%, according to the DSM strategy implemented.
{"title":"Demand-side management strategies based on energy key perfomance indicators in real-time: Case study","authors":"Sandra Milena Téllez Gutiérrez, Oscar Germán Duarte Velasco, Javier A. Rosero García","doi":"10.29047/01225383.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.128","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sets out features of traditional Energy Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) employed in energy management programs; then, new indicators are proposed based on Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) usage. These indicators make it possible to directly relate the amount of energy, type of end use and user consumption patterns. Analysis of AMI system information enables planning for differentiated Demand-Side Management (DSM) strategies. A case study developed at Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogota campus is presented, which proposes new Energy Key Performance Indicators in Real Time. These indicators enable information analysis and DSM strategies that are appropriate for new technologies and that are aimed at increasing energy efficiency. Additionally, this paper presents the factors that have to be taken into account when implementing KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) and the decision-making process. This results in variable overall energy savings between 5 and 40%, according to the DSM strategy implemented.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"14 1","pages":"5-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87850172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Simancas, Angélica María Rada Santiago, B. Vera
The purpose of this article is to set out the benefits of using the dense phase gas transport in future projects in the Caribbean Sea and to verify that when operating pipelines at high pressures, more mass per unit of volume is transported, and liquid formation risks are mitigated in hostile environments and low temperatures.This study contains key data about gas production fields in deep and ultra-deep waters around the world, which serve as a basis for research and provide characteristics for each development to be contrasted with the subsea architecture proposed in this paper. Additionally, analogies are established between the target field (Gorgon-1, Kronos-1 and Purple Angel-1) and other offshore gas fields that have similar reservoir properties. Using geographic information systems, the layout of a gas pipeline and a subsea field architecture that starts in the new gas province is proposed.Finally, using a hydraulic simulation tool, the gas transport performance in dense phase is analyzed and compared with the conventional way of transporting gas by underwater pipelines, achieving up to 20 % in cost savings when dense phase is applied.
{"title":"Gas transport at dense phase conditions for the development of deepwater fields in the Colombian Caribbean sea","authors":"M. Simancas, Angélica María Rada Santiago, B. Vera","doi":"10.29047/01225383.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.131","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to set out the benefits of using the dense phase gas transport in future projects in the Caribbean Sea and to verify that when operating pipelines at high pressures, more mass per unit of volume is transported, and liquid formation risks are mitigated in hostile environments and low temperatures.This study contains key data about gas production fields in deep and ultra-deep waters around the world, which serve as a basis for research and provide characteristics for each development to be contrasted with the subsea architecture proposed in this paper. Additionally, analogies are established between the target field (Gorgon-1, Kronos-1 and Purple Angel-1) and other offshore gas fields that have similar reservoir properties. Using geographic information systems, the layout of a gas pipeline and a subsea field architecture that starts in the new gas province is proposed.Finally, using a hydraulic simulation tool, the gas transport performance in dense phase is analyzed and compared with the conventional way of transporting gas by underwater pipelines, achieving up to 20 % in cost savings when dense phase is applied.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"56 1","pages":"17-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89875824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Jose Gomez Caro, Angelica María Carreño Parra, María del Rosario P´érez Trejos, E. Pérez, Luis Fernando Peña Peña, J. Henao, C. Ríos, Luz Helena Rueda Acevedo
The sandstones at the base of the Honda Group (La Victoria Formation - Early Miocene), in the Dina Field, Upper Magdalena Valley Basin (UMVB) – Colombia, which are present in the analyzed interval of the Dina Norte 27 and Dina Norte 37 wells, are composed of immature clastic rocks classified as Litharenites / Feldspathic Litharenites, due to the presence of volcanic fragments, feldspar / plagioclase and unstable minerals.They are texturally immature due to poor selection and low roundness of the detritus. The following sequence of diagenetic processes is proposed: minor compaction; grain coating by illite/smectite detritical clay, dissolution of unstable minerals, zeolite (heulandite) precipitation, partial precipitation of nonferroan calcite cement and finally chloritization of clays prior to hydrocarbon migration.
在哥伦比亚上马格达莱纳河谷盆地(UMVB)的Dina油田，在Dina Norte 27和Dina Norte 37井的分析层段中，发现了Honda组(La Victoria组-早中新世)底部的砂岩，这些砂岩由未成熟碎屑岩组成，由于火山碎屑、长石/斜长石和不稳定矿物的存在，被划分为岩屑岩/长石岩屑岩。由于选择不良和碎屑的低圆度，它们在质地上不成熟。提出了以下成岩作用顺序:轻度压实作用;在油气运移之前，伊利石/蒙脱石碎屑粘土包覆颗粒，不稳定矿物溶解，沸石(黑石)沉淀，非铁方解石水泥部分沉淀，最后是粘土的氯化作用。
{"title":"Petrofacies and diagenetic processes of la Victoria formation (Early Miocene), Dina oil field, upper Magdalena valley basin, Colombia.","authors":"Juan Jose Gomez Caro, Angelica María Carreño Parra, María del Rosario P´érez Trejos, E. Pérez, Luis Fernando Peña Peña, J. Henao, C. Ríos, Luz Helena Rueda Acevedo","doi":"10.29047/01225383.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.120","url":null,"abstract":"The sandstones at the base of the Honda Group (La Victoria Formation - Early Miocene), in the Dina Field, Upper Magdalena Valley Basin (UMVB) – Colombia, which are present in the analyzed interval of the Dina Norte 27 and Dina Norte 37 wells, are composed of immature clastic rocks classified as Litharenites / Feldspathic Litharenites, due to the presence of volcanic fragments, feldspar / plagioclase and unstable minerals.They are texturally immature due to poor selection and low roundness of the detritus. The following sequence of diagenetic processes is proposed: minor compaction; grain coating by illite/smectite detritical clay, dissolution of unstable minerals, zeolite (heulandite) precipitation, partial precipitation of nonferroan calcite cement and finally chloritization of clays prior to hydrocarbon migration.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"36 1","pages":"33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86352197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabià Díaz, Arlex Chaves–Guerrero, P. Gauthier‐Maradei, D. Fuentes, A. Guzmán, H. Picón
espanolRESUMEN Una simulacion de un reactor piloto de coquizacion retardada fue realizada empleando un codigo propio de dinamica de fluidos computacional (CFD). El reactor fue modelado como un sistema dinamico de tres fases donde el coque es una fase solida porosa, el fondo de vacio es la fase liquida y los productos destilables son la fase gaseosa. Los balances de continuidad, momento y energia propuestos para describir la dinamica del proceso de coquizacion fueron discretizados mediante el metodo de los volumenes finitos sobre una malla axisimetrica de dos dimensiones. Un algoritmo tipo PEA fue desarrollado para describir el arrastre entre las fases fluidas y un algoritmo SIMPLEC modificado llevo a cabo el acoplamiento entre la presion y la velocidad. El simulador de CFD fue programado en lenguaje C++ para sistema operativo tipo Linux; todos los graficos fueron construidos en la plataforma de visualizacion Paraview. Una corrida completa de 12 horas y el posterior enfriamiento de la cama de coque obtenida para tres fondos de vacio fue simulada, los resultados fueron comparados con datos experimentales y un buen acuerdo fue encontrado, el simulador demostro gran potencial para ser escalado a nivel industrial. EnglishABSTRACT A simulation of a pilot plant delayed coking reactor was performed using an in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The reactor was modeled as a three-phase dynamic system where the coke is the porous solid phase, the vacuum residue the liquid phase and the distillable product the gas phase. Equations of continuity, momentum, and energy proposed to describe the coking dynamic process where discretized employing the finite volume method and the domain was defined by a 2D structured axisymmetric grid. A PEA algorithm was developed to account for the drag between the fluid phases, and a modified SIMPLEC algorithm achieved the pressure-velocity coupling. The CFD simulator was programmed in C++ code for Linux operating system; all the graphics were constructed in ParaView visualization platform. A full run of 12 hours and the cooling of the resulting coke bed for three different vacuum residues were simulated, the results were compared with experimental data and a good agreement was observed, the simulator demonstrated great potential to be scaled up to industrial level. portuguesRESUMO Foi realizada uma simulacao de uma planta piloto de um reator de coqueamento retardado aplicando um codigo interno de fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD). O reator foi modelado como um sistema dinâmico de tres fases, estando o coque em fase solida, o residuo de vacuo em fase liquida, e os destilaveis em fase gasosa. As equacoes de continuidade, de momento e de energia propostas para descrever o processo de coquemento dinâmico foram discretizadas utilizando o metodo dos volumes finitos, e a area foi definida por uma grade de eixo de simetria estruturada em 2D. Foi desenvolvido um algoritmo PEA para representar o arrasto entre as fases fluid
利用计算流体动力学(CFD)代码对延迟焦化中试反应器进行了模拟。该反应器被建模为一个动态的三相系统，其中焦炭是多孔固相，空底是液相，可蒸馏产品是气相。在此基础上，提出了在二维轴向网格上用有限体积法离散化连续、动量和能量平衡来描述焦化过程动力学的方法。开发了一种PEA算法来描述流体相之间的阻力，改进的SIMPLEC算法实现了压力和速度之间的耦合。CFD模拟器是用c++语言编写的，适用于Linux操作系统;所有的图形都是在Paraview可视化平台上构建的。对3个空底获得的焦化床进行了12小时的完整运行和随后的冷却，并将结果与实验数据进行了比较，发现了良好的一致性，该模拟器具有很大的工业规模潜力。EnglishABSTRACT模拟of A pilot plant正式coking was反应堆方面using an in-house computational biology fluid dynamics (CFD) code。The dynamic system was modeled反应堆as a three-phase where The可口is The porous固体残余物的阶段,The vacuum液体阶段及distillable product The gas。Equations of continuity叙述、动力和能源- to the coking条discretized dynamic process where the finite method and the domain was defined by a卷2D初级axisymmetric grid。A占algorithm was发达to account for the变装between the fluid修改阶段,and A SIMPLEC algorithm一the pressure-velocity coupling。CFD模拟器是用c++代码为Linux操作系统编写的;= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积为，其中土地和(0.964平方公里)水。模拟了三种不同真空废物对焦炉床的冷却，并将结果与实验数据进行了比较，并观察到良好的协议，该模拟器显示出将其升级到工业水平的巨大潜力。摘要采用内部计算流体动力学(CFD)程序对延迟焦化反应器中试装置进行了模拟。该反应器被建模为一个三相动态系统，焦炭为固相，真空残渣为液相，蒸馏液为气相。摘要采用有限体积法对描述动态过程的连续性、动量和能量方程进行了离散，并采用二维结构对称轴网格定义了区域。提出了一种PEA算法来表示流体相之间的阻力，并提出了一种改进的SIMPLEC算法来实现压速耦合。CFD模拟器是用c++代码为Linux操作系统编写的。所有的图形都是在parview平台上构建的。通过对三种不同真空废料的12小时操作和冷却焦化床的模拟，将结果与实验数据进行了比较，观察到良好的相关性，该模拟器具有很大的工业规模潜力。
{"title":"CFD SIMULATION OF A PILOT PLANT DELAYED COKING REACTOR USING AN IN-HOUSE CFD CODE","authors":"Fabià Díaz, Arlex Chaves–Guerrero, P. Gauthier‐Maradei, D. Fuentes, A. Guzmán, H. Picón","doi":"10.29047/01225383.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.67","url":null,"abstract":"espanolRESUMEN Una simulacion de un reactor piloto de coquizacion retardada fue realizada empleando un codigo propio de dinamica de fluidos computacional (CFD). El reactor fue modelado como un sistema dinamico de tres fases donde el coque es una fase solida porosa, el fondo de vacio es la fase liquida y los productos destilables son la fase gaseosa. Los balances de continuidad, momento y energia propuestos para describir la dinamica del proceso de coquizacion fueron discretizados mediante el metodo de los volumenes finitos sobre una malla axisimetrica de dos dimensiones. Un algoritmo tipo PEA fue desarrollado para describir el arrastre entre las fases fluidas y un algoritmo SIMPLEC modificado llevo a cabo el acoplamiento entre la presion y la velocidad. El simulador de CFD fue programado en lenguaje C++ para sistema operativo tipo Linux; todos los graficos fueron construidos en la plataforma de visualizacion Paraview. Una corrida completa de 12 horas y el posterior enfriamiento de la cama de coque obtenida para tres fondos de vacio fue simulada, los resultados fueron comparados con datos experimentales y un buen acuerdo fue encontrado, el simulador demostro gran potencial para ser escalado a nivel industrial. EnglishABSTRACT A simulation of a pilot plant delayed coking reactor was performed using an in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The reactor was modeled as a three-phase dynamic system where the coke is the porous solid phase, the vacuum residue the liquid phase and the distillable product the gas phase. Equations of continuity, momentum, and energy proposed to describe the coking dynamic process where discretized employing the finite volume method and the domain was defined by a 2D structured axisymmetric grid. A PEA algorithm was developed to account for the drag between the fluid phases, and a modified SIMPLEC algorithm achieved the pressure-velocity coupling. The CFD simulator was programmed in C++ code for Linux operating system; all the graphics were constructed in ParaView visualization platform. A full run of 12 hours and the cooling of the resulting coke bed for three different vacuum residues were simulated, the results were compared with experimental data and a good agreement was observed, the simulator demonstrated great potential to be scaled up to industrial level. portuguesRESUMO Foi realizada uma simulacao de uma planta piloto de um reator de coqueamento retardado aplicando um codigo interno de fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD). O reator foi modelado como um sistema dinâmico de tres fases, estando o coque em fase solida, o residuo de vacuo em fase liquida, e os destilaveis em fase gasosa. As equacoes de continuidade, de momento e de energia propostas para descrever o processo de coquemento dinâmico foram discretizadas utilizando o metodo dos volumes finitos, e a area foi definida por uma grade de eixo de simetria estruturada em 2D. Foi desenvolvido um algoritmo PEA para representar o arrasto entre as fases fluid","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"27 1","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86888941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Campos, Z. Carrillo, José Manuel Usuriaga Torres
espanolRESUMEN El desarrollo de yacimientos no convencionales (roca generadora) a nivel mundial intensifico el uso del fracturamiento hidraulico como tecnica de estimulacion en la industria petrolera. No obstante, la cantidad de agua requerida para su ejecucion, las restricciones legales implementadas en ciertas regiones para la aplicacion de esta tecnologia y el posible impacto generado en el ambiente, son aspectos relevantes a tener en cuenta. En este sentido, la industria petrolera inicio hace algunos anos la implementacion de tecnologias que permitan tratar el agua de retorno proveniente de estos yacimientos, con la finalidad de convertir estos volumenes residuales en activos de importancia, en posteriores etapas de fracturamiento. El ciclo del agua dentro de estas operaciones inicia con la captacion de este recurso en cuerpos superficiales, a continuacion es mezclada con los aditivos quimicos y el material propante para generar el fluido de fractura, que posteriormente es bombeado al pozo para generar las fracturas en la formacion de interes. Luego que el pozo se ha puesto en produccion, parte del agua inyectada con el fluido, sumada a una parte del agua de formacion retornan a superficie, en donde son luego tratadas o inyectadas en pozos de disposicion. Para el caso de Colombia donde el desarrollo de este tipo de yacimientos se encuentra en su etapa inicial, no se dispone de estudios relacionados con el tratamiento del agua de retorno, tema sensible en la toma de decisiones para desarrollar esta fuente energetica en el pais. En funcion de lo anterior, el presente trabajo de investigacion propone una metodologia para seleccionar la(s) tecnologia(s) que pueden tratar de manera eficiente el agua de retorno en yacimientos no convencionales en Colombia, la cual incluye la revision de los parametros tecnicos y las experiencias a escala real de cada tecnologia, los analisis de sensibilidad de cuatro indices de estabilidad del agua, la correlacion de las caracteristicas fisicoquimicas del agua de retorno de una formacion extranjera similar a una formacion colombiana y el analisis economico de las tecnologias seleccionadas. La mejor opcion surge de la mas alta eficiencia operacional al menor costo posible. portuguesRESUMO Odesenvolvimento de jazidas nao convencionais (rocha de origem) a escala mundial intensificou o uso do fracturamiento hidraulico como tecnica de estimulacao na industria petrolifera. Nao obstante, a grande quantidade de agua utilizada para sua execucao, as restricoes legais implementadas em varias regioes para uso da populacao e o possivel impacto gerado no ambiente, sao aspectos importantes para levar em mente. Neste sentido, ha algum tempo, a industria petrolifera iniciou a implementacao de tecnologias para tratar o agua de retorno derivado dessas jazidas, com o intuito de transformar estes volumes residuais em ativos de importância, em estagios subsequentes de fracturamiento. O ciclo de agua dentro destas operacoes inicia com a
世界范围内非常规矿藏(产岩)的发展加强了水力压裂作为一种增产技术在石油工业中的应用。然而，实施该技术所需的水量、某些地区实施的法律限制以及对环境可能产生的影响都是需要考虑的相关方面。从这个意义上说，石油工业几年前就开始实施处理这些矿床回流水的技术，以便在随后的压裂阶段将这些残余体积转化为重要资产。水在这些操作周期始于captacion这个特性在身体表面,continuacion是混有化学物质和材料添加剂propante生成的骨折,随后是抽油井液生成骨折在编队飞行的兴趣。在油井投入生产后，部分注入流体的水与部分地层水一起返回地面，在那里进行处理或注入处理井。以哥伦比亚为例，这类矿床的开发还处于初始阶段，没有关于回水处理的研究，这是该国开发这种能源的决策中的一个敏感问题。在函数,本调查工作提出一个metodologia选择(s) (s)能有效对待科技回归的水在非常规油田在哥伦比亚,后者包括订正parametros实至名归每个科技的尺寸和经验,灵敏度分析四水稳定指数与哥伦比亚地层相似的外国地层回水的物理化学特性与所选技术的经济分析的相关性。最佳的选择来自于以最低的成本获得最高的运营效率。在世界范围内非常规矿床(源岩)的开发加强了水力压裂作为一种增产技术在石油工业中的应用。然而，执行该项目所使用的大量水、若干地区对人口使用的法律限制以及对环境可能产生的影响是需要考虑的重要方面。从这个意义上说，一段时间以前，石油工业开始实施处理这些矿床回流水的技术，目的是在随后的压裂阶段将这些剩余体积转化为重要资产。在这些作业中，水循环开始于在表层水体中捕获这种资源，然后与化学添加剂和支持材料混合，产生裂缝流体，然后泵入poco，在感兴趣的地层中产生裂缝。在poco投入生产后，部分注入流体的水与部分形成水一起返回表面，进行处理或注入少量处理。以哥伦比亚为例，这类矿床的开发还处于早期阶段，目前还没有关于回流处理的研究，这是该国开发这种能源的决策中的一个敏感问题。我呃的或需要启蒙,现在trabalho询价propoe uma metodologia来selecionar (s)科技(s)了解他们可以有效地治疗或水返回ms jazidas nao convencionais na、哥伦比亚inclui revisao两个额外â米实至名归和每个科技的全面经验,投诉analises quatro sensibilidade月指数estabilidade da水与哥伦比亚培训类似的外国培训的回水物理化学特性与所选技术的经济分析之间的相关性。最佳选择来自于以最低成本获得最高的运营效率。在过去的几年里，世界各地非常规储层(源岩)的发展加强了石油工业中水力压裂作为刺激技术的使用。然而，执行该技术所使用的水量、某些地区对应用该技术所实施的法律限制以及可能产生的环境影响都是需要考虑的问题。 通过这种方式，石油行业已经开始实施压裂后返排处理技术，目的是将这些废物转化为循环水力压裂作业的重要资产。这些作业的水循环始于在地面捕获这种资源，然后与化学物质和支撑剂混合生成压裂液，然后将压裂液泵入井中，在目标地层中形成裂缝。一旦井开始生产，在压裂作业中注入的水和地层水中的一小部分将被送回地面，最后通过处置井进行处理或注入。鉴于哥伦比亚非常规油藏的开发处于非常初级的阶段，目前还没有关于反排处理的相关研究，而反排处理是决定在该国开发非常规能源的一个敏感问题。因此，本研究提出了一种选择适合哥伦比亚非常规油藏反排处理技术的方法。综述了不同技术在实际规模下的技术参数和经验，对四种水稳定性指标进行了敏感性分析，对类似哥伦比亚地质地层的返排物理化学参数进行了相关性分析，并进行了经济分析。最好的选择总是以最低的成本获得更高的操作效率。
{"title":"A SELECTION METHODOLOGY OF FLOWBACK TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND WATER REUSE IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING IN SOURCE ROCKS - A STRATEGY TO REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN COLOMBIA","authors":"F. Campos, Z. Carrillo, José Manuel Usuriaga Torres","doi":"10.29047/01225383.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.62","url":null,"abstract":"espanolRESUMEN El desarrollo de yacimientos no convencionales (roca generadora) a nivel mundial intensifico el uso del fracturamiento hidraulico como tecnica de estimulacion en la industria petrolera. No obstante, la cantidad de agua requerida para su ejecucion, las restricciones legales implementadas en ciertas regiones para la aplicacion de esta tecnologia y el posible impacto generado en el ambiente, son aspectos relevantes a tener en cuenta. En este sentido, la industria petrolera inicio hace algunos anos la implementacion de tecnologias que permitan tratar el agua de retorno proveniente de estos yacimientos, con la finalidad de convertir estos volumenes residuales en activos de importancia, en posteriores etapas de fracturamiento. El ciclo del agua dentro de estas operaciones inicia con la captacion de este recurso en cuerpos superficiales, a continuacion es mezclada con los aditivos quimicos y el material propante para generar el fluido de fractura, que posteriormente es bombeado al pozo para generar las fracturas en la formacion de interes. Luego que el pozo se ha puesto en produccion, parte del agua inyectada con el fluido, sumada a una parte del agua de formacion retornan a superficie, en donde son luego tratadas o inyectadas en pozos de disposicion. Para el caso de Colombia donde el desarrollo de este tipo de yacimientos se encuentra en su etapa inicial, no se dispone de estudios relacionados con el tratamiento del agua de retorno, tema sensible en la toma de decisiones para desarrollar esta fuente energetica en el pais. En funcion de lo anterior, el presente trabajo de investigacion propone una metodologia para seleccionar la(s) tecnologia(s) que pueden tratar de manera eficiente el agua de retorno en yacimientos no convencionales en Colombia, la cual incluye la revision de los parametros tecnicos y las experiencias a escala real de cada tecnologia, los analisis de sensibilidad de cuatro indices de estabilidad del agua, la correlacion de las caracteristicas fisicoquimicas del agua de retorno de una formacion extranjera similar a una formacion colombiana y el analisis economico de las tecnologias seleccionadas. La mejor opcion surge de la mas alta eficiencia operacional al menor costo posible. portuguesRESUMO Odesenvolvimento de jazidas nao convencionais (rocha de origem) a escala mundial intensificou o uso do fracturamiento hidraulico como tecnica de estimulacao na industria petrolifera. Nao obstante, a grande quantidade de agua utilizada para sua execucao, as restricoes legais implementadas em varias regioes para uso da populacao e o possivel impacto gerado no ambiente, sao aspectos importantes para levar em mente. Neste sentido, ha algum tempo, a industria petrolifera iniciou a implementacao de tecnologias para tratar o agua de retorno derivado dessas jazidas, com o intuito de transformar estes volumes residuais em ativos de importância, em estagios subsequentes de fracturamiento. O ciclo de agua dentro destas operacoes inicia com a ","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"88 1","pages":"5-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84319789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuly-Fernanda López-Contreras, Arlex Chaves–Guerrero, M. Akbulut, Zhengdong Cheng, Luis-Javier Hoyos-Marín
espanolRESUMEN Las fuerzas de adhesion entre asfalto y diferentes minerales fueron obtenidas empleando el microscopio de fuerza atomica (AFM). El AFM permite el estudio de la interaccion entre dos moleculas en la misma superficie o en interfaces y su comportamiento. En esta investigacion, varias muestras de asfalto con diferentes propiedades fueron puestas en contacto con puntas modificadas para el AFM. Estas puntas fueron fabricadas con minerales comunmente encontrados en los agregados empleados en mezclas asfalticas, como son en dioxido de silicio (SiO2) y el carbonato de calcio (CaCO3). El trabajo de adhesion fue obtenido empleando curvas de fuerza - distancia para cada sistema asfalto-mineral. La medicion directa de las fuerzas desarrolladas entre asfalto y agregado en la interface empleando tecnicas nanoscopicas proveen un mejor entendimiento del sistema y sus caracteristicas. Esto, sin duda alguna contribuira en la seleccion de combinaciones asfalto - agregado empleadas en mezclas asfalticas que desarrollen enlaces mas fuertes, produciendo sistemas mas resistentes a las diferentes fallas relacionadas al fenomeno de adhesion que pueden generarse en pavimentos asfalticos. EnglishABSTRACT The adhesion forces between bitumen and minerals were measured, using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The AFM enables the study of the interactions between two molecules in a same surface or at interfaces and their behavior. In this case, bitumen samples with different properties were placed in contact with AFM modified tips. The tips were fabricated with minerals found in aggregates used in asphalt mixtures, like silicon dioxide (SiO2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The work of adhesion was obtained measuring adhesion forces for each bitumen-mineral pair. The direct measurement of forces between asphalt and aggregates at interface level through nanoscopic techniques provides a better insight of the system and its characteristics. This will help to improve the selection of bitumen-aggregate combinations used in asphalt mixtures, obtaining systems with higher bond strength, therefore more resistant to failures. portuguesRESUMO As forcas de adesao entre o asfalto e diversos minerais foram obtidas atraves microscopio de forca atomica (AFM) O AFM possibilita o estudo entre duas moleculas na mesma superficie ou em interfaces e seu comportamento. Varias amostras de asfalto com diversas propriedades foram colocadas em contato com pontas modificadas para o AFM, nesta pesquisa. Essas pontas foram fabricadas com minerais geralmente encontrados nas adicoes empregadas em misturas asfalticas, tais como dioxido de silicio (SiO2) e o carbonato de calcio (CaCO3). O trabalho de adesao obteve-se empregando curvas de forca (distância para cada sistema asfalto-mineral). A medicao das forcas desenvolvidas entre asfalto e adicao na interface utilizando tecnicas nanoscopicas dao uma melhor compreensao do sistema e suas caracteristicas. Isso, sem duvida nenhuma, ira contribuir na sel
摘要利用原子力显微镜(AFM)测定了沥青与不同矿物之间的粘结强度。AFM允许研究同一表面或界面上两个分子之间的相互作用及其行为。在本研究中，将不同性能的沥青试样与改性的AFM尖端接触。这些尖端是由在沥青混合物中常见的骨料中发现的矿物制成的，如二氧化硅(SiO2)和碳酸钙(CaCO3)。本研究的目的是评估不同沥青矿物体系的粘结作用。利用纳米技术直接测量沥青和骨料之间的界面力，可以更好地了解系统及其特性。这无疑有助于选择沥青混合料中使用的沥青-骨料组合，以发展更强的粘结，产生更抵抗与沥青路面可能产生的粘结现象相关的不同故障的系统。EnglishABSTRACT The adhesion沥青与矿物是在力量,使用的Force Microscopy (AFM)。The AFM其次The study of The two molecules in a同性之间的surface or at接口及其behavior。在这种情况下，具有不同性能的沥青样品与AFM改性头接触。The tips是fabricated with minerals found in总量用来in asphalt mixtures,像silicon二氧化碳(SiO2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该镇总面积为，其中土地和(1.7%)水。通过纳米技术直接测量沥青和骨料在界面水平上的力，可以更好地了解沥青系统及其特性。这将有助于改进沥青混合料中使用的沥青-骨料组合的选择，使系统具有更高的粘结强度，从而更抗失效。摘要沥青与各种矿物之间的粘结力是通过原子力显微镜(AFM)获得的。原子力显微镜可以研究同一表面或界面上的两个分子之间的粘结力及其行为。在本研究中，将几种不同性质的沥青样品与改性的AFM尖端接触。这些尖端是用通常在沥青混合物中发现的矿物制成的，如二氧化硅(SiO2)和碳酸钙(CaCO3)。粘结工作是通过使用力曲线(每个沥青矿物系统的距离)获得的。利用纳米技术对沥青和沥青界面之间的力进行了医学研究，从而更好地了解了系统及其特性。毫无疑问，这将有助于选择沥青混合料中使用的沥青- adicoes组合，开发更强的粘结剂，产生更抗沥青路面中可能产生的与摩擦现象相关的各种故障的系统。
{"title":"ADHESION FORCES IN ASPHALT MIXTURES AT NANOSCALE","authors":"Yuly-Fernanda López-Contreras, Arlex Chaves–Guerrero, M. Akbulut, Zhengdong Cheng, Luis-Javier Hoyos-Marín","doi":"10.29047/01225383.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.65","url":null,"abstract":"espanolRESUMEN Las fuerzas de adhesion entre asfalto y diferentes minerales fueron obtenidas empleando el microscopio de fuerza atomica (AFM). El AFM permite el estudio de la interaccion entre dos moleculas en la misma superficie o en interfaces y su comportamiento. En esta investigacion, varias muestras de asfalto con diferentes propiedades fueron puestas en contacto con puntas modificadas para el AFM. Estas puntas fueron fabricadas con minerales comunmente encontrados en los agregados empleados en mezclas asfalticas, como son en dioxido de silicio (SiO2) y el carbonato de calcio (CaCO3). El trabajo de adhesion fue obtenido empleando curvas de fuerza - distancia para cada sistema asfalto-mineral. La medicion directa de las fuerzas desarrolladas entre asfalto y agregado en la interface empleando tecnicas nanoscopicas proveen un mejor entendimiento del sistema y sus caracteristicas. Esto, sin duda alguna contribuira en la seleccion de combinaciones asfalto - agregado empleadas en mezclas asfalticas que desarrollen enlaces mas fuertes, produciendo sistemas mas resistentes a las diferentes fallas relacionadas al fenomeno de adhesion que pueden generarse en pavimentos asfalticos. EnglishABSTRACT The adhesion forces between bitumen and minerals were measured, using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The AFM enables the study of the interactions between two molecules in a same surface or at interfaces and their behavior. In this case, bitumen samples with different properties were placed in contact with AFM modified tips. The tips were fabricated with minerals found in aggregates used in asphalt mixtures, like silicon dioxide (SiO2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The work of adhesion was obtained measuring adhesion forces for each bitumen-mineral pair. The direct measurement of forces between asphalt and aggregates at interface level through nanoscopic techniques provides a better insight of the system and its characteristics. This will help to improve the selection of bitumen-aggregate combinations used in asphalt mixtures, obtaining systems with higher bond strength, therefore more resistant to failures. portuguesRESUMO As forcas de adesao entre o asfalto e diversos minerais foram obtidas atraves microscopio de forca atomica (AFM) O AFM possibilita o estudo entre duas moleculas na mesma superficie ou em interfaces e seu comportamento. Varias amostras de asfalto com diversas propriedades foram colocadas em contato com pontas modificadas para o AFM, nesta pesquisa. Essas pontas foram fabricadas com minerais geralmente encontrados nas adicoes empregadas em misturas asfalticas, tais como dioxido de silicio (SiO2) e o carbonato de calcio (CaCO3). O trabalho de adesao obteve-se empregando curvas de forca (distância para cada sistema asfalto-mineral). A medicao das forcas desenvolvidas entre asfalto e adicao na interface utilizando tecnicas nanoscopicas dao uma melhor compreensao do sistema e suas caracteristicas. Isso, sem duvida nenhuma, ira contribuir na sel","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"188 1","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79418971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolRESUMEN Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de la influencia de la matriz de roca en la cinetica de oxidacion a traves del analisis de experimentos cineticos realizados para un crudo pesado colombiano utilizando diferentes tipos de medio poroso: arena sintetica, cortes de perforacion, afloramiento y nucleo. El objetivo principal es evaluar el comportamiento cinetico de empaquetamientos con medios porosos diferentes a la matriz original, para determinar la factibilidad de usarlos como reemplazo de la roca original del yacimiento, manteniendo la representatividad de los resultados. La importancia radica en que la cinetica observada se utilizara para evaluar la factibilidad tecnica de la implementacion del proceso de inyeccion de aire. El diseno experimental comprende la realizacion de ensayos de celda cinetica variando solamente el medio poroso, manteniendo el mismo fluido y las mismas condiciones de operacion. Al conjunto de datos recopilado se le determinaron variables como: oxigeno consumido, oxidos de carbono producidos y relacion H/C. Los analisis realizados mostraron que es posible realizar estudios confiables de laboratorio para el proceso de inyeccion de aire utilizando empaquetamientos alternativos al nucleo del yacimiento. portuguesRESUMO Ofoco deste trabalho e o estudo da influencia da matriz de rocha na cinetica de oxidacao atraves da analise de experimentos cineticos realizados para um petroleo bruto pesado colombiano utilizando diferentes tipos de meio poroso: areia sintetica, cortes de perfuracao, afloramento e nucleo. O principal objetivo e avaliar o comportamento cinetico de empacotamentos com meios porosos diferentes a matriz original, para determinar a viabilidade de usa-los como substituicao da rocha original da jazida, mantendo a representatividade dos resultados. A importância reside em que a cinetica observada sera utilizada para avaliar a viabilidade tecnica da implantacao do processo de injecao de ar. O desenho experimental inclui a realizacao de ensaios de celula cinetica variando apenas o meio poroso, mantendo o mesmo fluxo e iguais condicoes de operacao. Ao conjunto de dados coletados foram determinadas variaveis como: oxigenio consumido, oxidos de carbono produzidos e relacao H/C. As analises realizadas mostraram que e possivel efetuar estudos laboratoriais confiaveis para o processo de injecao de ar utilizando empacotamentos alternativos ao nucleo da jazida. EnglishABSTRACT This paper focuses on the study of the influence of rock matrix on oxidation kinetics through the analysis of kinetic experiments for a Colombian heavy crude using various porous media: synthetic sand, drilling cuttings, reservoir core and outcrop. The main objective is to evaluate the kinetic behavior of packing with porous media other than the original rock matrix to determine the feasibility of using them as a replacement for the original reservoir rock, while maintaining the representativeness of the results. The importance resides on th
这项工作的重点是研究岩石基质对氧化动力学的影响，通过分析哥伦比亚重质原油的动力学实验，使用不同类型的多孔介质:合成砂，钻孔切割，露头和核。主要目的是评估不同于原始基质的多孔介质填料的动力学行为，以确定使用它们替代原始矿床岩石的可行性，同时保持结果的代表性。重要的是，观察到的动力学将被用来评估实施空气注入过程的技术可行性。实验设计包括动态电池测试，只改变多孔介质，保持相同的流体和相同的操作条件。收集的数据集确定了变量，如:消耗的氧气，产生的碳氧化物和H/C关系。分析表明，通过在储层核心使用替代填料，可以对空气注入过程进行可靠的实验室研究。本工作的重点是研究岩石基质对氧化动力学的影响，通过分析哥伦比亚原油的动力学实验，使用不同类型的多孔介质:合成砂、钻井剖面、露头和核。主要目的是评估不同于原始基质的多孔介质填充的动力学行为，以确定使用它们替代原始矿床岩石的可行性，同时保持结果的代表性。重要的是，观察到的动力学将用于评估注入空气过程的技术可行性。实验设计包括进行动力学细胞试验，只改变多孔介质，保持相同的流量和相同的操作条件。在收集的数据集中，确定了变量，如:氧消耗，碳氧化物产生和H/C关系。所进行的分析表明，在储层核心使用替代填料对空气注入过程进行可靠的实验室研究是可能的。本文着重通过对哥伦比亚重质原油使用各种多孔介质(合成砂、钻屑、储层岩心和采掘)的动力学实验分析，研究岩石基质对氧化动力学的影响。主要目的是评估与原岩基质以外的多孔介质包装的动态行为，以确定是否可以使用它们作为原储层岩的替代品，同时保持结果的代表性。重视离》藏文observed异构体六可以用来评估技术可行性for The implementation of an air喷射过程。The design的试点涉及performing kinetic cell tests varying only The porous medium,同时keeping The same fluid and The same运作的条件。对于汇编的数据集，确定了氧气消耗、碳氧化物产生和H/C比等变量。结果表明，使用储层芯以外的填料作为一种更方便的替代方法，可以对空气喷射工艺进行可靠的实验室研究。
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ROCK MATRIX IN KINETICS OXIDATION FOR HEAVY OILS","authors":"M. Portillo","doi":"10.29047/01225383.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.64","url":null,"abstract":"espanolRESUMEN Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de la influencia de la matriz de roca en la cinetica de oxidacion a traves del analisis de experimentos cineticos realizados para un crudo pesado colombiano utilizando diferentes tipos de medio poroso: arena sintetica, cortes de perforacion, afloramiento y nucleo. El objetivo principal es evaluar el comportamiento cinetico de empaquetamientos con medios porosos diferentes a la matriz original, para determinar la factibilidad de usarlos como reemplazo de la roca original del yacimiento, manteniendo la representatividad de los resultados. La importancia radica en que la cinetica observada se utilizara para evaluar la factibilidad tecnica de la implementacion del proceso de inyeccion de aire. El diseno experimental comprende la realizacion de ensayos de celda cinetica variando solamente el medio poroso, manteniendo el mismo fluido y las mismas condiciones de operacion. Al conjunto de datos recopilado se le determinaron variables como: oxigeno consumido, oxidos de carbono producidos y relacion H/C. Los analisis realizados mostraron que es posible realizar estudios confiables de laboratorio para el proceso de inyeccion de aire utilizando empaquetamientos alternativos al nucleo del yacimiento. portuguesRESUMO Ofoco deste trabalho e o estudo da influencia da matriz de rocha na cinetica de oxidacao atraves da analise de experimentos cineticos realizados para um petroleo bruto pesado colombiano utilizando diferentes tipos de meio poroso: areia sintetica, cortes de perfuracao, afloramento e nucleo. O principal objetivo e avaliar o comportamento cinetico de empacotamentos com meios porosos diferentes a matriz original, para determinar a viabilidade de usa-los como substituicao da rocha original da jazida, mantendo a representatividade dos resultados. A importância reside em que a cinetica observada sera utilizada para avaliar a viabilidade tecnica da implantacao do processo de injecao de ar. O desenho experimental inclui a realizacao de ensaios de celula cinetica variando apenas o meio poroso, mantendo o mesmo fluxo e iguais condicoes de operacao. Ao conjunto de dados coletados foram determinadas variaveis como: oxigenio consumido, oxidos de carbono produzidos e relacao H/C. As analises realizadas mostraram que e possivel efetuar estudos laboratoriais confiaveis para o processo de injecao de ar utilizando empacotamentos alternativos ao nucleo da jazida. EnglishABSTRACT This paper focuses on the study of the influence of rock matrix on oxidation kinetics through the analysis of kinetic experiments for a Colombian heavy crude using various porous media: synthetic sand, drilling cuttings, reservoir core and outcrop. The main objective is to evaluate the kinetic behavior of packing with porous media other than the original rock matrix to determine the feasibility of using them as a replacement for the original reservoir rock, while maintaining the representativeness of the results. The importance resides on th","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"24 1","pages":"43-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83313161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolRESUMEN Se estudio la hidrolisis subcritica en modo de operacion batch y semicontinuo de residuos lignocelulosicos de pasto Kikuyu. Los experimentos evaluaron el efecto de la temperatura (250-300 °C), relacion masica (6:1-30:1), presion (1 490-3 190 psi), y flujo de agua (3-9 ml/min) en la productividad de azucares reductores (RS). La produccion de azucares reductores se midio por medio del metodo DNS y la eficiencia se calculo como la relacion entre la masa de azucares reductores producida y la masa total de residuo alimentado al reactor. Una productividad maxima de RS de 9.7% se obtuvo en los experimentos batch a 300 °C, relacion masa de 30:1 y 3190 psi, mientras que una productividad acumulada de 22% se obtuvo en los experimentos semibatch a 300 °C, 2000 psi y 9 ml/min. La productividad mas baja en los experimentos batch se atribuyo al elevado tiempo de reaccion en comparacion con los experimentos semibatch, en los cuales el tiempo de reaccion no es solo mas corto sino que tambien los productos de la hidrolisis se remueven continuamente del reactor. El analisis de varianza de los datos para los experimentos batch mostro como significativa solo la interaccion entre la temperatura y la relacion masica, mientras que la presion no tuvo efecto. Una notoria disminucion de pH se midio a medida que incrementaba el tiempo de reaccion debido a la formacion de productos acidos de degradacion. Los resultados demuestran la factibilidad de producir azucares reductores a partir de residuos lignocelulosicos disponibles en grandes cantidades y actualmente desechadas sin ningun aprovechamiento por medio de hidrolisis subcritica. portuguesRESUMO Ahidrolise subcritica de residuos lignocelulosicos de vidro Kiyuku foi realizada em uma operacao de lote e semi-lote. Os experimentos avaliaram o efeito da temperatura (250-300 °C), a proporcao de massa (6:1-30:1), a pressao (1 490-3 190 psi), e o debito de agua (3-9 ml/min) no rendimento de acucares redutores (RS). A producao de acucar redutora foi estimada atraves do metodo DNS e sua eficacia foi calculada como sendo igual a proporcao entre a massa de acucares redutores produzidos e a massa total do residuo alimentado no reator. Um RS maximo de 9,7% foi calculado nos experimentos de hidrolise em lote a 300 °C, proporcao de massa de 30:1 e 3 190 psi, comparado com um RS acumulado de 22% em experimentos semi-lote a 300 °C, 2 000 psi e 9 ml/min. O menor rendimento foi atribuido ao tempo de reacao estendida nos experimentos de lote quando comparados com os experimentos de semi-lote, onde o tempo de reacao nao e so mais curto mas tambem os produtos da hidrolise sao continuamente removidos do reator. A analise da variância estatistica dos dados para os experimentos de lote mostrou apenas uma interacao significativa entre temperatura e proporcao de massa, enquanto a pressao nao teve nenhum efeito significativo. Uma diminuicao notoria em pH foi verificada com o aumento dos tempos de reacao produto da formacao de produto
{"title":"Production of reducing sugars from lignocellulosic kikuyu grass residues by hydrolysis using subcritical water in batch and semibatch reactors","authors":"Paola-Andrea Marulanda-Buitrago, Víctor-Fernando Marulanda-Cardona","doi":"10.29047/01225383.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.70","url":null,"abstract":"espanolRESUMEN Se estudio la hidrolisis subcritica en modo de operacion batch y semicontinuo de residuos lignocelulosicos de pasto Kikuyu. Los experimentos evaluaron el efecto de la temperatura (250-300 °C), relacion masica (6:1-30:1), presion (1 490-3 190 psi), y flujo de agua (3-9 ml/min) en la productividad de azucares reductores (RS). La produccion de azucares reductores se midio por medio del metodo DNS y la eficiencia se calculo como la relacion entre la masa de azucares reductores producida y la masa total de residuo alimentado al reactor. Una productividad maxima de RS de 9.7% se obtuvo en los experimentos batch a 300 °C, relacion masa de 30:1 y 3190 psi, mientras que una productividad acumulada de 22% se obtuvo en los experimentos semibatch a 300 °C, 2000 psi y 9 ml/min. La productividad mas baja en los experimentos batch se atribuyo al elevado tiempo de reaccion en comparacion con los experimentos semibatch, en los cuales el tiempo de reaccion no es solo mas corto sino que tambien los productos de la hidrolisis se remueven continuamente del reactor. El analisis de varianza de los datos para los experimentos batch mostro como significativa solo la interaccion entre la temperatura y la relacion masica, mientras que la presion no tuvo efecto. Una notoria disminucion de pH se midio a medida que incrementaba el tiempo de reaccion debido a la formacion de productos acidos de degradacion. Los resultados demuestran la factibilidad de producir azucares reductores a partir de residuos lignocelulosicos disponibles en grandes cantidades y actualmente desechadas sin ningun aprovechamiento por medio de hidrolisis subcritica. portuguesRESUMO Ahidrolise subcritica de residuos lignocelulosicos de vidro Kiyuku foi realizada em uma operacao de lote e semi-lote. Os experimentos avaliaram o efeito da temperatura (250-300 °C), a proporcao de massa (6:1-30:1), a pressao (1 490-3 190 psi), e o debito de agua (3-9 ml/min) no rendimento de acucares redutores (RS). A producao de acucar redutora foi estimada atraves do metodo DNS e sua eficacia foi calculada como sendo igual a proporcao entre a massa de acucares redutores produzidos e a massa total do residuo alimentado no reator. Um RS maximo de 9,7% foi calculado nos experimentos de hidrolise em lote a 300 °C, proporcao de massa de 30:1 e 3 190 psi, comparado com um RS acumulado de 22% em experimentos semi-lote a 300 °C, 2 000 psi e 9 ml/min. O menor rendimento foi atribuido ao tempo de reacao estendida nos experimentos de lote quando comparados com os experimentos de semi-lote, onde o tempo de reacao nao e so mais curto mas tambem os produtos da hidrolise sao continuamente removidos do reator. A analise da variância estatistica dos dados para os experimentos de lote mostrou apenas uma interacao significativa entre temperatura e proporcao de massa, enquanto a pressao nao teve nenhum efeito significativo. Uma diminuicao notoria em pH foi verificada com o aumento dos tempos de reacao produto da formacao de produto","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"41 1","pages":"137-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90737158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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