Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro最新文献_第6页

Comparative study of the normal visbreaking process and the thermal fixed-bed process applied on Colombian heavy oils 哥伦比亚稠油常规降粘工艺与热固定床降粘工艺的对比研究

Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro

Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.29047/01225383.34

Judith Rocío Santa Jaimes, J. Gómez

espanolEl aumento en las reservas de crudos pesados, la escasez de crudos livianos, la demanda de productos limpios y el incremento de material residual o fondos, hacen necesaria la implementacion o adaptacion de tecnologias que procesen crudos pesados de forma eficiente. En este sentido se plantea la modificacion del esquema actual de viscorreduccion adaptandole un lecho fijo dentro del reactor para estudiar posibles modificaciones en los diferentes procesos termicos, a fin de incrementar y mejorar sus rendimientos con miras a la obtencion de productos mas valiosos a partir de crudos pesados. La presente investigacion se realizo mediante pruebas a nivel de planta piloto en la unidad de viscorreduccion de Ecopetrol S.A. - Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo (ICP), la cual brinda la posibilidad de comparar el proceso de viscorreduccion normal frente al proceso de viscorreduccion con lecho fijo como proceso termico. Ambos procesos se compararon en cuanto al incremento del rendimiento de destilados medios y propiedades de calidad de los productos obtenidos. La comparacion se hizo bajo las mismas condiciones de flujo, direccion de flujo (ascendente), presion, temperatura y tipo de crudo. Los resultados revelaron que el proceso de viscorreduccion con lecho fijo logro convertir mas fracciones pesadas en destilados (4 a 7%), comparado con el proceso de viscorreduccion normal. EnglishThe rise in heavy oil reserves, the scarceness of light oils, the demand for clean products and the increase in residual material or bottoms make it necessary to implement or adapt technologies to process heavy oils efficiently. To this end, the modification of the current visbreaking system has been proposed, consisting of adapting a fixed bed inside the reactor in order to study possible modifications in the different thermal processes to increment and improve performance with the purpose of obtaining more valuable products from heavy oils. This research was conducted through testing at the pilot plant level in the visbreaking unit of Ecopetrol S.A. - Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo (ICP), which provides the possibility of comparing the normal visbreaking process to the fixed-bed visbreaking process as a thermal process. Both processes are carried out in comparison to the increase in the performance of middle distillates and the quality properties of the products obtained. The comparison was completed under the same conditions of flow, flow direction (ascending), pressure, temperature and oil type. The results revealed that the fixed-bed visbreaking process managed to convert more heavy fractions into distillates (4 to 7%) compared to the normal visbreaking process. portuguesO aumento nas reservas de crus pesados, a escassez de crus leves, a demanda de produtos limpos e o aumento de material residual ou fundos, fazem necessaria a implantacao ou adaptacao de tecnologias que processem crus pesados de forma eficiente. Neste sentido e proposta a modificacao do esquema atual de

重质原油储量的增加、轻质原油的短缺、对清洁产品的需求以及废料或资金的增加，使得有必要实施或调整有效处理重质原油的技术。出现在这方面目前schema modificacion viscorreduccion adaptandole一个固定床反应器内学习不同termicos进程中可能出现的变化,以便增加和改进他们的产量,以期最宝贵的产品obtencion重型生起。本调查试验,试验工厂在单位一级viscorreduccion Ecopetrol S.A.石油-哥伦比亚学院(ICP),后者提供了可能性比较viscorreduccion进程viscorreduccion过程作为固定床上对面正常termico过程。对两种工艺进行了比较，以提高中间馏分的收率和所得产品的质量性能。在相同的流动条件、流动方向(向上)、压力、温度和原油类型下进行了比较。结果表明，固定床粘度法比常规粘度法更能将重馏分转化为馏分(4 ~ 7%)。重油储量的增加、轻油的稀缺性、对清洁产品的需求以及废料或废料数量的增加，使得有必要实施或调整有效处理重油的技术。为此目的，有人建议对目前的破粘系统进行修改，包括在反应器内安装一个固定床，以便研究对不同的热工艺可能进行的修改，以提高和改善性能，以便从重油中获得更多有价值的产品。这项研究是通过在Ecopetrol S.A. - Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo (ICP)的破粘装置中试装置水平进行的测试进行的，该装置提供了将正常破粘工艺与作为热工艺的固定床破粘工艺进行比较的可能性。这两种工艺都是为了提高中间馏分的性能和所获得产品的质量性能而进行的。The比较被under The same conditions of flow, flow管理局(ascending), pressure, temperature and oil type。结果表明，与常规的粘碎工艺相比，固定床粘碎工艺可以将更多的重馏分转化为馏分(4 - 7%)。重质原油储量的增加、轻质原油的短缺、对清洁产品的需求以及废料或资金的增加，都需要实施或调整有效处理重质原油的技术。在这个意义上，我们建议修改目前的viscorreducao方案，在反应器内安装一个固定床，以研究不同热过程的可能变化，以增加和提高其产量，以从重原料中获得更有价值的产品。目前的研究是通过在Ecopetrol S.A. -哥伦比亚石油研究所(ICP)的viscorreducao装置的中试中心水平的测试进行的，这提供了比较正常的viscorreducao过程与固定床的viscorreducao过程作为热过程的可能性。对这两种工艺进行了比较，以提高中间馏分的收率和产品的质量性能。比较了相同的流动条件、流动方向(向上)、压力、温度和原料类型。结果表明，固定床旋流法比普通旋流法能将重馏分转化为馏分(4 ~ 7%)。

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引用次数: 0

A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF WIND SPEED DISTRIBUTION MODELS IN THE ABURRÁ VALLEY, COLOMBIA 哥伦比亚aburrÁ山谷风速分布模式的统计分析

Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro

Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.29047/01225383.36

Paula-Andrea Amaya-Martínez, A. Saavedra-Montes, Eliana I. Arango-Zuluaga

T he probability density functions, that model the wind speed behavior in five urban places and one rural of the Aburra Valley in Antioquia, Colombia, are ...

该概率密度函数模拟了哥伦比亚安蒂奥基亚阿布拉山谷五个城市地区和一个农村地区的风速行为。

引用次数: 16

Post-fracturing treatments design to redress the damage caused by fracturing fluid polymers 压裂后处理设计，以纠正压裂液聚合物造成的损害

Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro

Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.29047/01225383.31

Fabián A. Carrascal, Zarith del Pilar Pachón Contreras, D. M. Velasco

espanolSiete productos quimicos, de diferente naturaleza quimica, fueron evaluados como tratamientos post-fracturamiento hidraulico para remover el polimero retenido en la zona fracturada. Entre los productos evaluados se destacan tres productos usados por primera vez como componentes principales de tratamientos post-fracturamiento hidraulico. Las pruebas fueron realizadas a condiciones de los pozos productores del campo Chichimene, formacion K-1, operados por Ecopetrol S.A., ubicados en los Llanos Orientales Colombianos. Las pruebas realizadas incluyeron compatibilidad con los fluidos y las rocas de la formacion, la aplicacion de una nueva metodologia para cuantificar de forma directa la degradacion del polimero del fluido de fractura y la evaluacion de la estabilidad termica de los componentes principales de los tratamientos, entre otras. Finalmente, se realizaron pruebas de desplazamiento de los tratamientos post-fracturamiento a traves de medios porosos que simulaban rocas fracturadas para determinar su efectividad en la remocion del polimero retenido. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la aplicacion de los tratamientos post-fracturamiento promovieron la recuperacion de aproximadamente un 40% del polimero total retenido en el sistema poroso, segun su aplicacion. Ademas, los valores de permeabilidad retenida mejoraron entre un 50 y 180%; obteniendose los mejores resultados empleando los productos quimicos usados por primera vez como tratamientos post-fracturamiento. EnglishSeven chemical products with different chemical properties were evaluated as post-fracturing treatments to remove the polymer retained in the pore system of the fracture and adjacent rock after hydraulic fracturing. Three of those chemical products were used for the first time to degrade the polymer in fracturing fluids. All laboratory tests were conducted under the Unit K-1 Chichimene oil-field conditions - located in Eastern Colombia, and operated by Ecopetrol S.A. Fluid-fluid and fluid-rock compatibility tests were performed. In order to evaluate the capacity of the post-fracturing treatments to degrade the polymer in the fracturing fluid, a new methodology for polymer quantification was implemented. The chemical and thermal stability of the post-fracturing treatments was assessed trough coreflooding experiments. Finally, the evaluations of the effectiveness of the post-fracturing treatments were performed and assessed with coreflooding experiments using fractured rocks as porous media. The coreflooding results showed that the post-fracturing treatments evaluated promoted the recovery of about 40% of the total polymer retained in the porous system, and improved the retained permeability in values between 50 and 180%. The best obtained results came from the first-time usage of chemical products as post-fracturing treatments. portuguesSete produtos quimicos, de diferente natureza quimica, foram avaliados como tratamentos pos-fratura hidraulica para remover o polimero ret

7种不同化学性质的化学产品被评估为水力压裂后处理，以去除裂缝区保留的聚合物。在评估的产品中，有三种产品首次作为水力压裂后处理的主要成分使用。这些测试是在位于哥伦比亚东部Llanos Orientales的Ecopetrol s.a.运营的Chichimene油田K-1地层的生产井条件下进行的。所进行的测试包括与地层流体和岩石的相容性，应用一种直接量化断裂流体聚合物降解的新方法，以及评估处理过程中主要成分的热稳定性等。最后，通过模拟破裂岩石的多孔介质进行了压裂后处理的置换试验，以确定其对保留聚合物驱回的有效性。结果表明，裂缝后处理的应用促进了约40%的聚合物保留在多孔体系中，这取决于其应用。此外，保留渗透率值提高了50 - 180%;使用首次使用的化学产品作为压裂后处理，获得最佳效果。七种具有不同化学性质的化学产品被评价为水力压裂后去除裂缝和相邻岩石孔隙系统中保留的聚合物的压裂后处理方法。三这些化学产品是使用for the first time to the聚合物降解in fracturing fluids。所有实验室测试都是在位于哥伦比亚东部的K-1 Chichimene油田条件下进行的，由Ecopetrol S.A.操作。为了评估压裂后处理方法在压裂流体中降解聚合物的能力，采用了一种新的聚合物定量方法。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。最后，利用裂缝岩石作为多孔介质的共反射实验，对压裂后处理的有效性进行了评价和评价。共反射结果表明，经评估的压裂后处理可提高孔隙系统中保留总聚合物的回收率约40%，并将保留渗透性提高50 - 180%。获得的最佳结果来自于第一次使用化学产品作为压裂后处理。7种不同化学性质的化学产品被评估为水力压裂后处理，以去除断裂区保留的聚合物。在评估的产品中，有三种产品首次作为水力压裂后治疗的主要成分使用。测试是在与位于哥伦比亚东部平原的Chichimene油田K-1地层的少数生产商相同的条件下进行的。所进行的测试包括与地层流体和岩石的相容性，应用一种新方法直接量化断裂流体中聚合物的降解，以及评估处理主要成分的热稳定性等。最后，通过模拟破裂岩石的多孔介质进行了断裂后处理的移位试验，以确定其对保留聚合物移位的有效性。结果表明，根据应用情况，应用断裂后处理可提高孔隙体系中保留聚合物的回收率约40%。此外，保留渗透率提高了50 ~ 180%;使用第一次使用的化学产品作为骨折后治疗获得了最好的效果。

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引用次数: 0

OPTIMAL DESIGN FOR AN ETHANOL PLANT COMBINING FIRST AND SECOND-GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES 结合第一代和第二代技术的乙醇装置的优化设计

Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro

Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.29047/01225383.35

Yailet Albernas-Carvajal, G. Corsano, Marlén Morales-Zamora, Meilyn González-Cortés, Ronaldo Santos-Herrero, E. González-Suárez

The synthesis and optimal design of batch plants is addressed in this study. It was applied to the technology of conventional ethanol production in a Cuban distillery using the product of enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated bagasse as another sugared substrate, starting from laboratory results. The optimal configuration of stages, the number of units in each stage, the unit sizes and minimum total production cost are obtained from the global optimization model and the proposed superstructure. This global model is a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation, which is represented and resolved by the Professional Software, General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) version 23.5 applying DICOPT Solver. Different scenarios are analyzed: attaching pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse to a conventional distillery plant, selling ethanol, or selling the furfural as by-product if there is a guaranteed market. With this, an actual net present value (VNA) of USD 44´893 358.7 and 1.51 years of Payback Period (PP) are obtained.

研究了间歇式装置的合成与优化设计。从实验室结果开始，将其应用于古巴酿酒厂的常规乙醇生产技术，该技术使用酶解预处理甘蔗渣的产物作为另一种糖底物。根据全局优化模型和提出的上部结构，得到了各阶段的最优配置、各阶段的机组数量、机组尺寸和最小总生产成本。该全局模型是一个混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)公式，由专业软件，通用代数建模系统(GAMS) 23.5版应用DICOPT求解器表示和求解。分析了不同的方案:将蔗渣的预处理和酶解附加到传统的酿酒厂，销售乙醇，或者在有保证市场的情况下将糠醛作为副产品出售。由此，实际净现值(VNA)为44 × 893、358.7和1.51年的投资回收期(PP)。

引用次数: 9

Review of studies on asphaltene - wax interaction and the effect thereof on crystalilization 沥青质-蜡相互作用及其对结晶影响的研究综述

Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro

Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.29047/01225383.32

Emiliano Ariza León, D. M. Velasco, A. C. Guerrero

espanolSe presenta una revision del efecto que tienen los asfaltenos en la cristalizacion de parafinas, en las propiedades de crudos parafinicos y las consecuencias en el aseguramiento de flujo. Inicialmente se incluyen los estudios de cristalizacion de n-alcanos puros y de sus mezclas donde se ha podido entender como ocurre su precipitacion y transiciones de fases cristalinas, especialmente, por estudios de difraccion de rayos-X (DRX). Se analizan los resultados de estudios de cristalizacion en crudos y/o sus fracciones y como la presencia de los asfaltenos afecta sus propiedades. Sobre la influencia de los asfaltenos, los resultados no son concluyentes y en ocasiones contradictorios: algunos confirman su contribucion a disminuir el punto de fluidez, otros que lo aumenta y en algunos casos que no hay efecto. Resultados semejantes se han reportado para el punto de cristalizacion, la transicion de fases y propiedades reologicas. Tampoco se ha podido generalizar cual es la influencia de la estructura quimica de los asfaltenos sobre las propiedades de los crudos. Se infiere que posiblemente se deba a la interaccion entre sus cadenas alifaticas con las parafinas y se ha establecido que existe sinergia en la coprecipitacion por la evidencia en los analisis de los depositos organicos. EnglishThis paper reviews the impact of asphaltenes on wax crystallization and on the properties of crude oils, and the consequences thereof on the flow assurance of waxy crude oil. It initially includes studies of the crystallization of both pure n-alkanes as well as the mixtures thereof, because they have led to an understanding of how their precipitation occurs along with their transitions of crystalline phases, particularly, by studies of X-ray diffraction (XRD). This is followed by the studies and results of crystallization in crude oils and/or the fractions thereof and how their properties are affected in the presence of asphaltenes. The results on the influence of asphaltenes are inconclusive and sometimes contradictory: some confirm that their presence decreases pour point, others affirm that it increases it and yet others say there is no effect. Similar results have been reported for properties such as crystallization point, phase transition and rheological properties. The influence of the chemical structure of asphaltenes on the change in crude oil properties has not been generalized either. It has been inferred that is possibly due to the interaction between aliphatic chains of asphaltenes and waxes, and it has been established that there is synergy in coprecipitation due to evidence in the analysis of organic deposits. portuguesE apresentada uma revisao do efeito que os asfaltenos tem na cristalizacao de parafinas, nas propriedades de crus parafinicos e nas consequencias na garantia de escoamento. Inicialmente sao incluidos os estudos de cristalizacao de n-alcanos puros e de suas misturas onde foi possivel entender como ocorre sua precipitacao e transicoes de

本文综述了沥青质对石蜡结晶的影响、石蜡原油的性能以及对流动保证的影响。本文首先介绍了纯正烷烃及其混合物的结晶研究，特别是通过x射线衍射(xrd)研究，了解了它们的析出和结晶相变是如何发生的。分析了原油和/或其馏分的结晶研究结果，以及沥青质的存在如何影响其性质。关于沥青质的影响，结果是不确定的，有时是矛盾的:一些证实它有助于降低流速点，另一些增加流速点，在某些情况下没有影响。在结晶点、相变和流变特性方面也有类似的结果报道。也不可能概括沥青质的化学结构对原油性质的影响。这可能是由于脂肪链与石蜡之间的相互作用，并通过有机沉积物分析的证据确定了共沉淀的协同作用。本文回顾了沥青对蜡结晶和原油性能的影响，以及对蜡原油流动保证的后果。它最初包括对纯n-烷基和它们的混合物的结晶的研究，因为它们导致了对它们的结晶相转变如何发生的理解，特别是通过x射线衍射(XRD)的研究。This is,继而对石油研究和成果of crystallization in crude and / or the fractions thereof and how their影响properties are in the在场asphaltenes。关于沥青的影响的结果是不确定的，有时是矛盾的:一些人证实它们的存在减少了点，另一些人说它增加了点，但另一些人说没有影响。在结晶点、相变和流变特性方面也报道了类似的结果。沥青化学结构对原油性能变化的影响也没有得到广泛的研究。It has been inferred that is由于的各种to the interaction aliphatic乐队of asphaltenes与waxes synergy, and It is已设立了that there in由于证据coprecipitation in the analysis of organic开辟。本文综述了沥青质对石蜡结晶的影响、石蜡原油的性质以及对流动保证的影响。最初包括纯正构烷烃及其混合物的结晶研究，特别是通过x射线衍射(xrd)研究，可以了解其沉淀和结晶相变是如何发生的。分析了原油和/或其馏分的结晶研究结果，以及沥青质的存在如何影响其性能。关于沥青质的影响，结果不是结论性的，有时是矛盾的:一些证实它们有助于降低熔点，另一些则增加熔点，在某些情况下不影响熔点。在结晶点、相变和流变特性方面也有类似的结果。也不可能概括沥青质的化学结构对原料性能的影响。我们推断，这可能是由于脂肪链与石蜡之间的相互作用，并通过对有机沉积物的分析证明，在共沉淀中存在协同作用。

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引用次数: 16

Petroleum sulfonates preparation and evaluation for chemical enhanced oil recovery in colombian oil fields 哥伦比亚油田石油磺酸盐制备及化学提高采收率评价

Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro

Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.29047/01225383.33

Zarith del Pilar Pachón Contreras, F. Ruíz, Miguel Jose Rondon Anton, J. Prada, Freddy Alexander Pulido Solano

espanolEn el presente trabajo se describe un metodo eficiente para la preparacion de sulfonatos de petroleo. Los sulfonatos de petroleo se prepararon a partir de cinco cortes de refineria diferentes y se caracterizaron por espectroscopia de infrarrojo y ultravioleta. Su afinidad relativa hidrofilica lipofilica se evaluo mediante la realizacion de comportamientos de fase. Los tensoactivos preparados se evaluaron en formulaciones para Recobro Quimico Mejorado demostrando que, bajo las condiciones de evaluacion, las relaciones de solubilizacion aumentan con la similitud estructural que existe entre el petroleo crudo y las moleculas del surfactante utilizado. Se confirma que, cuando se utilizan como surfactantes secundarios, los sulfonatos de petroleo aqui preparados permiten alcanzar parametros de solubilizacion relativamente elevados. EnglishAn efficient method for preparing petroleum sulfonates is described in this article. Petroleum sulfonates were prepared from five different refinery cuts and characterized by infrarred and ultra-violet spectroscopy. Their hydrophilic-lipophilic relative afinity was assessed by performing phase behavior scans. The prepared surfactants were evaluated in formulations for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (CEOR), showing that, under the evaluation conditions, the solubilization ratios increase with the structural similarity between the crude oil and the surfactant molecules. It was confirmed that, when used as secondary surfactants, the petroleum sulfonates here prepared allow to achieve relatively high solubilization parameters. portuguesNo presente trabalho e descrito um metodo eficiente para a preparacao de sulfonatos de petroleo. Os sulfonatos de petroleo sao preparados a partir de cinco cortes de refinaria diferentes e sao caracterizados por espectroscopia de infravermelho e ultravioleta. Sua afinidade relativa hidrofilica lipofilica foi avaliada mediante a realizacao de comportamentos de fase. Os tensoativos preparados foram avaliados em formulacoes para Recuperacao Quimica Melhorada demonstrando que, sob as condicoes de avaliacao, as relacoes de solubilizacao aumentam com a semelhanca estrutural que existe entre o petroleo cru e as moleculas do surfactante utilizado. Confirma-se que, quando sao utilizados como surfactantes secundarios, os sulfonatos de petroleo aqui preparados permitem atingir parâmetros de solubilizacao relativamente elevados.

本工作描述了一种高效的石油磺酸盐制备方法。摘要本研究的目的是评价在不同炼油厂切割中制备的石油磺酸盐，并利用红外和紫外光谱对其进行表征。它们的相对亲水亲脂亲和力是通过相行为来评估的。对所制备的表面活性剂进行了评价，结果表明，在评价条件下，随着原油与所使用的表面活性剂分子结构的相似，其增溶比增加。结果表明，当用作二次表面活性剂时，所制备的石油磺酸盐具有较高的溶解参数。EnglishAn有效条preparing petroleum sulfonates is公民in this method。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的土地面积为。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。对所制备的表面活性剂进行了化学提高采收率(CEOR)配方评价，结果表明，在评价条件下，由于原油与表面活性剂分子的结构相似，其增溶率增加。它证实，当用作二次表面活性剂时，所制备的石油磺酸盐可以达到相对较高的溶解参数。本文介绍了一种制备石油磺酸盐的有效方法。石油磺酸盐是由五种不同的炼油厂切割制备的，并通过红外和紫外光谱对其进行了表征。通过相行为评价其相对亲水亲脂亲和力。对所制备的表面活性剂进行了评价，以提高其化学回收率，结果表明，在评价条件下，随着原油与表面活性剂分子结构的相似性，其溶解关系增大。结果表明，当用作二次表面活性剂时，所制备的石油磺酸盐具有较高的溶解值。

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引用次数: 5

NATURE OF THE ACTIVE PHASE IN HYDRODESULFURIZATION: MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE SUPPORTED ON ACTIVATED CARBON 加氢脱硫中活性相的性质:碳化钼负载在活性炭上

Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro

Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.29047/01225383.41

Esneyder Puello-Polo, G. MónicaAyala, J. Brito

Resumen en: This paper studies the effect of the presulfiding agent and the synthesis method on the catalytic activity of thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS), using...

摘要:本文研究了预硫化剂及其合成方法对噻吩加氢脱硫(HDS)催化活性的影响。

引用次数: 3

Study of acetone, butanol and ethanol liquid extraction from prepared aqueous solutions using membrane contactor technique 膜接触器萃取丙酮、丁醇和乙醇的研究

Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro

Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.29047/01225383.44

Karen Gómez, Liliana Carolina López Mendoza, L. Giraldo, C. M. Nova

espanolLa produccion de butanol por via fermentativa usando Clostridium acetobutylicum genera mezclas acetona/butanol/etanol (ABE), las cuales alcanzan una concentracion promedio maxima entre 26 y 32.6 kg/m³, como resultado de la inhibicion por producto. Estas bajas concentraciones demandan el uso de sistemas de separacion eficientes que permitan la extraccion de ABE de forma continua. Este estudio evaluo la extraccion de ABE de soluciones acuosas preparadas con la tecnica de contactores de membrana usando solventes comerciales (eter de petroleo, hexano y tolueno) como agente extractor. Se analizo la influencia de la temperatura y la concentracion inicial de butanol sobre el proceso, en el rango de 30 - 40°C y 4.8 - 20 kg/m³ respectivamente, utilizando un diseno experimental de superficie de respuesta (central compuesto 2²+estrella), y encontrando valores optimos para estas variables basados en analisis en batch (42°C y 1.65 kg de 1-butanol/m³ como concentracion inicial). El analisis experimental se llevo a cabo utilizando Statgraphics Centurion XVI.I®. Se planteo un modelo matematico en estado transitorio, obteniendo % error de 14.4 y 12.2% para las concentraciones finales de acetona y butanol en el tolueno, respectivamente. Se concluye que esta tecnica de extraccion es posible para la recuperacion de acetona y butanol usando tolueno como solvente extractor, obteniendo coeficientes de particion de 0.761 para la acetona y 0.998 para el butanol. EnglishFermentative production of butanol using Clostridium acetobutylicum results in a mixture of acetone/ butanol/ethanol (ABE), which reaches a maximum concentration between 26 and 32.6 kg/m³, as a consequence of product inhibition. These low ABE concentrations demand an efficient separation system that allows the continuous ABE extraction. This study evaluated the extraction of ABE's prepared aqueous solutions with membrane contactors technique by using commercial extracting solvents (petroleum ether, hexane and toluene). The influence of temperature and initial concentration of butanol on the process was analyzed, in the range of 30 - 40°C and 4.8 - 20 kg/m³ respectively, using a response surface experimental design (central composite 2²+star), and finding the optimal values considering batch analysis (42°C and 1.65 kg of 1-butanol/m³ as initial concentration). The experimental analysis was carried out by using Statgraphics Centurion XVI.I®. The approach of a mathematical model was performed, obtaining an error of 14.4% and 12.2% for acetone and butanol final concentrations in toluene solvent phase, respectively. It was concluded that extraction is achievable for recovery of acetone and butanol, by using toluene as solvent extractor, and obtaining partition coefficients of 0.761 for acetone and 0.998 for butanol. portuguesA producao de butanol por via fermentativa usando Clostridium acetobutylicum gera misturas acetona/ butanol/etanol (ABE), as quais atingem uma concentracao media maxima entre 26 e 32

用乙酰丁酸梭菌发酵生产丁醇可产生丙酮/丁醇/乙醇混合物(ABE)，由于每个产品的抑制，其最大平均浓度在26 - 32.6 kg/m³之间。这些低浓度要求使用高效的分离系统，允许连续提取ABE。本研究以工业溶剂(石油醚、正己烷和甲苯)为萃取剂，评价了膜接触器技术制备的水溶液中ABE的萃取效果。测试温度的影响和丁醇关于解除武装、复员、遣返、重新初始浓度锻炼,30 - 40°C至4.8 - 20 kg / m³分别采用表面设计实验2²+明星组成的响应(中央),发现价值观optimos批基于分析的这些变量(42°C和1.65千克1-butanol作为初始浓度锻炼)/ m³。实验分析使用Statgraphics Centurion XVI.I®进行。建立了瞬态数学模型，甲苯中丙酮和丁醇最终浓度的误差分别为14.4和12.2%。结果表明，该萃取技术可用于以甲苯为萃取溶剂回收丙酮和丁醇，丙酮的particion系数为0.761，丁醇的particion系数为0.998。使用乙酰丁酸梭菌发酵生产丁醇，产生丙酮/丁醇/乙醇(ABE)混合物，由于产品抑制，其最高浓度在26 - 32.6 kg/m³之间。这些low安倍检测需求得到有效separation system allows the安倍连续提取。本研究评价了利用商业萃取溶剂(石油醚、己烷和甲苯)用膜接触器技术提取ABE配制的水溶液。影响of temperature and初步丁醇和多元化on The process was analyzed, in The range of 30 - 40°C和4.8 - 20 kg / m³respectively design (composite中央试点,using a response surface 2²+ star)和finding The connor价值观虽然ngok batch analysis(42°C和1-butanol 1.65千克/ m³as initial多元化)。实验分析是使用Statgraphics Centurion xvii®进行的。The approach of a mathematical model was方面obtaining an错误14.4%和12.2% for acetone and丁醇最后检测in toluene solvent阶段,respectively。通过使用甲苯作为溶剂萃取器，可以实现丙酮和丁醇的回收，丙酮的分配系数为0.761，丁醇的分配系数为0.998。葡萄牙人用醋酸丁酸梭菌发酵生产丁醇，产生丙酮/丁醇/乙醇混合物(ABE)，由于每个产品的抑制，其最大平均浓度在26 - 32.6 kg/m3之间。这些低浓度要求使用高效的分离系统，允许连续提取ABE。本研究以工业溶剂(石油醚、正己烷和甲苯)为萃取剂，评价了膜接触器技术制备的水溶液中ABE的萃取效果。Foi analisada丁醇da温度和da concentracao影响的首次谈到了这个过程,na faixa 30 - 40°C和4.8 - 20千克/立方米分别试点,利用嗯desenho resposta表面(central composto 2²+ estrela),并发现otimos价值观,以这些variaveis baseados呃analise呃batch(42°C作为初始concentracao 1-butanol 1.65千克/立方米)。实验分析使用Statgraphics Centurion XVI.I®进行。提出了一个瞬态数学模型，甲苯中丙酮和丁醇的最终浓度误差分别为14.4和12.2%。结果表明，该萃取技术可以以甲苯为萃取溶剂回收丙酮和丁醇，丙酮的分配系数为0.761，丁醇的分配系数为0.998。

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引用次数: 4

THE CORROSION PROCESS OF P-110 STEEL IN STIMULATION FLUIDS USED IN THE OIL INDUSTRY p-110钢在石油工业增产液中的腐蚀过程

Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro

Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.29047/01225383.39

J. Calderon, Gloria-Fernanda Bonilla, J. Carreno

were measured at 25 and 80°C, respectively. The hydrodynamic regime plays an important role in the corrosion of steel only in the disodium solution, where corrosion rates were increased at higher rotation speeds of the electrode. The cathodic depolarization effect is more important in the EDTA-Na2 than in the EDTA-Na4 solution, making it more corrosive.

分别在25°C和80°C下测定。水动力机制仅在二钠溶液中对钢的腐蚀起重要作用，在二钠溶液中，电极转速越高，腐蚀速率越高。EDTA-Na2溶液的阴极退极化效应比EDTA-Na4溶液更强，腐蚀能力更强。

引用次数: 5

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS OF HEAVY AND EXTRA-HEAVY LIVE OILS: EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION 重质和特重质活油油包水乳剂的流变行为:实验评价

Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro

Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.29047/01225383.37

Libia-Sofia Sandoval-Rodríguez, W. Cañas-Marín, Ramiro Martínez-Rey

Stable emulsions were prepared with heavy and extra-heavy live oils by using a set-up recently built at Ecopetrol S.A. - Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo (ICP). This equipment permits to prepare water-in-oil emulsions at reservoir conditions without any change on the overall hydrocarbon composition. The live emulsions were prepared with water contents up to 26% in volume. Then, a capillary viscometer was used to study the rheological behavior of these emulsions at different shear rates and pressures up to 24.2 MPa. The experimental results permit to conclude that the prepared and evaluated emulsions have a Newtonian behavior for the conditions of water contents, shear rates, pressures and temperature (60°C) here studied. For these emulsions, a logarithmic behavior of the viscosity with respect to pressure and water content was also observed.

稳定乳状液是用哥伦比亚国家石油公司(Ecopetrol S.A. - Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo, ICP)最近建立的装置用重质和超重质活油制备的。该设备允许在储层条件下制备油包水乳液，而不会改变整体碳氢化合物组成。制备的乳状液含水量可达26%。然后，用毛细管粘度计研究了不同剪切速率和最高24.2 MPa压力下乳剂的流变行为。实验结果表明，在所研究的含水量、剪切速率、压力和温度(60°C)条件下，所制备和评价的乳剂具有牛顿力学行为。对于这些乳剂，粘度对压力和含水量的对数行为也被观察到。

引用次数: 5