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Low back pain: Spondylitis? 腰痛：脊柱炎？
IF 3.4 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91a.23086
Aditi Patel, Jean Schils
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引用次数: 0
Gastroparesis for the nongastroenterologist. 非消化内科医生的胃痉挛。
IF 6.1 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91a.23078
Jorge Araujo-Duran, Arjun Chatterjee, Samita Garg

Gastroparesis is a heterogeneous motility disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, and postprandial fullness. Its diagnosis requires objective documentation of delayed gastric emptying of solid food and exclusion of mechanical obstruction. Its epidemiology is unclear, and the main causes are diabetes mellitus and idiopathic disease. Cardinal symptoms often co-occur. Management involves nutritional assessment, dietary changes, drug evaluation, glycemic control (for patients with diabetes mellitus), and symptom relief. In this review, we explore challenges nongastroenterologists may encounter and how they can use current recommendations to manage patients with gastroparesis.

胃瘫是一种以恶心、呕吐和餐后饱胀为特征的异质性运动障碍。其诊断需要有固体食物胃排空延迟的客观记录，并排除机械性梗阻。其流行病学尚不清楚，主要病因是糖尿病和特发性疾病。主要症状经常同时出现。治疗包括营养评估、饮食改变、药物评估、血糖控制（针对糖尿病患者）和症状缓解。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨非肠胃病学家可能遇到的挑战，以及他们如何利用当前的建议来管理胃瘫患者。
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引用次数: 0
Preexposure prophylaxis for preventing HIV infection: Routine practice in primary care. 预防艾滋病毒感染的三暴露预防法：初级保健的常规做法。
IF 6.1 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91a.23079
Amy L Wiser

An estimated 1.2 million people in the United States have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection per US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2021 data. The highest risk of HIV transmission occurs during injection drug use with needle sharing and during sexual activity, most significantly in condomless, receptive anal intercourse. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV infection is part of a larger biobehavioral strategy that uses antiretroviral medication, an oral formulation taken daily or during anticipated exposure events, or an injectable formulation administered every 8 weeks. PrEP consists of 3 possible regimens: emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide, or injectable cabotegravir. Primary care clinicians are strategically positioned to provide PrEP education and access.

根据美国疾病控制和预防中心 2021 年的数据，美国估计有 120 万人感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。艾滋病毒传播的最高风险发生在共用针头注射毒品和性行为期间，其中最主要的是无安全套的接受性肛交。预防艾滋病病毒感染的预防性暴露疗法（PrEP）是一个更大的生物行为策略的一部分，该策略使用抗逆转录病毒药物，口服制剂每天服用或在预期的暴露事件中服用，或注射制剂每 8 周服用一次。PrEP 包括三种可能的治疗方案：恩曲他滨/富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯、恩曲他滨/替诺福韦-阿拉非那胺或注射用卡博特拉韦。初级保健临床医生在提供 PrEP 教育和获取途径方面具有战略地位。
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引用次数: 0
Should an NPO order be placed for my patient with acute pancreatitis? 是否应为急性胰腺炎患者开具 NPO 订单？
IF 6.1 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91a.24009
Aaron Pathak, Siena Blackwell, Robert Jay Sealock
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引用次数: 0
Does every patient with lactational mastitis require antibiotic treatment? 是否每位哺乳期乳腺炎患者都需要接受抗生素治疗？
IF 6.1 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91a.23080
Abigail Wink, Jameson A Mitchell, Suet Kam Lam, Heidi Szugye
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引用次数: 0
Functional dyspepsia: How to manage the burn and the bloat. 功能性消化不良：如何处理烧灼感和腹胀。
IF 6.1 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91a.23062
Scott Gabbard, Nina Vijayvargiya

Functional dyspepsia is defined as persistent symptoms of postprandial bloating, early satiety, or pain in the center of the upper abdomen, without findings on upper endoscopy such as peptic ulcer disease to explain these symptoms. It is common, affecting up to 30% of the global population, but it often goes undiagnosed for years. There are 2 subtypes: epigastric pain syndrome (burning and pain) and postprandial distress syndrome (bloating and satiety). The authors discuss how to diagnose and treat both subtypes.

功能性消化不良是指持续出现餐后腹胀、早饱或上腹部中央疼痛等症状，但上内镜检查却未发现消化性溃疡等可解释这些症状的疾病。这种病很常见，全球有多达 30% 的人患有这种病，但往往多年得不到诊断。它有两种亚型：上腹痛综合征（烧灼感和疼痛）和餐后窘迫综合征（腹胀和饱腹感）。作者讨论了如何诊断和治疗这两种亚型。
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引用次数: 0
Gingival overgrowth in acute monocytic leukemia. 急性单核细胞白血病的牙龈增生。
IF 6.1 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91a.23087
Lex Leonhardt, John Harcha, Alejandro Calvo
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引用次数: 0
New CCJM faces and features. 新的 CCJM 面孔和功能。
IF 6.1 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91b.05024
Brian F Mandell
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引用次数: 0
Providing comfort: Caring for patients who wish to die in their home country. 提供安慰：照顾希望在本国去世的病人。
IF 3.4 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91a.23095
Kelly Ferraro, Sandhya Sharma, Kimberly A Indovina
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引用次数: 0
Perspectives on travel and healthcare. 关于旅行和医疗保健的观点。
IF 6.1 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91a.24018
Maan Fares
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引用次数: 0
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