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Development of SARS-CoV-2 atypical thyroiditis in a patient with severe COVID-19 1例重症COVID-19患者SARS-CoV-2非典型甲状腺炎的发生
Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.14341/ket12745
E. Kolpakova, А. Voznesenskaya, E. A. Metreveli, L. Nikankina, E. Troshina
The novel coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has gone down in history as one of the deadliest pandemics in history. Since the first reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a lot of data has appeared regarding the features of the COVID-19 pathogenesis and the effect of the virus on various organs and tissues. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 can cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, causing multiple organ dysfunction. In addition, since the beginning of the pandemic, reports of the relationship between COVID-19 and thyroid dysfunction have continued to emerge. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the thyroid gland and the entire hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis can be significant targets for the pathogenic effects of SARS-CoV-2.The classic thyroid dysfunctions in infectious diseases, also described in COVID-19, are subacute thyroiditis and secondary hypothyroidism. Of particular interest is the development of atypical thyroiditis-SARS-CoV-2 against the background of COVID-19, a condition first recorded during COVID-19, associated with formidable cardiovascular complications and high mortality in patients with COVID-19, not previously encountered in other viral infections.This article describes a clinical case of SARS-CoV-2 atypical thyroiditis in a patient with bilateral viral pneumonia in the acute period of COVID-19.
新型冠状病毒感染SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)已成为历史上最致命的流行病之一。自首次报道SARS-CoV-2感染以来,出现了大量关于COVID-19发病机制特征和病毒对各器官组织影响的数据。众所周知,SARS-CoV-2可引起肺部和全身炎症,导致多器官功能障碍。此外,自大流行开始以来,有关COVID-19与甲状腺功能障碍之间关系的报告不断出现。大量研究表明,甲状腺和整个下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴可能是SARS-CoV-2致病作用的重要靶点。在COVID-19中也有描述的传染病中典型的甲状腺功能障碍是亚急性甲状腺炎和继发性甲状腺功能减退。特别令人感兴趣的是在COVID-19背景下非典型甲状腺炎- sars - cov -2的发展,这种情况在COVID-19期间首次记录,与COVID-19患者严重的心血管并发症和高死亡率相关,这在其他病毒感染中从未遇到过。本文报道1例新冠肺炎急性期双侧病毒性肺炎患者发生SARS-CoV-2非典型甲状腺炎的临床病例。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 and the possible development of autoimmune thyroid diseases COVID-19与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的可能发展
Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.14341/ket12740
E. Kolpakova, A. Elfimova, L. Nikankina, I. Dyakov, K. K. Bushkova, E. Troshina
In the midst of continuing coronavirus infection (COVID-19) there has been an increase in the incidence of various autoimmune pathologies. Particular attention to the potential relationship between coronavirus infection and autoimmune diseases is attracted by the positive therapeutic effect of the treatment of severe forms of COVID-19 with drugs used in the treatment of rheumatologically diseases.The results of the study should be the starting point for understanding the mechanisms of possible breakdown of immunological tolerance and the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases.AIM: To assess the risks of developing autoimmune thyroid disease after COVID-19, and to investigate the effect of therapy in the acute period on the possible development of autoimmune thyroid diseases.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective comparative study included patients hospitalized at the National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology with a clinical and laboratory analysis of COVID-19 and bilateral polysegmental viral pneumonia (n=41). Patients with COVID-19 were divided into two subgroups: a subgroup of patients who received tocilizumab therapy in acute period (n=10), the second subgroup of patients who received symptomatic therapy during the acute period COVID-19 (n=31).To assess the functional status of the thyroid gland all patients underwent observation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3f), free thyroxine (T4f), antibodies to thyroperoxidase (Ab-TPO) and antibodies to the TSH receptor (Ab-recTSH).The concentrations of 27 signaling molecules in the blood serum were assessed by the technology of multiplex flow immunoassay using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay kit of cytokines and chemokines: interleukins-1b, -1ra, -2, 4-10, -12, -13, -15, -17 (IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL - 4-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17), Eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte- macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G -CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-g), IFNγ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), also known as monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), macrophage inflammatory protein -1 (MIP-1a and -1b), platelet growth factor BB (PDGF-bb), Regulated on Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).All patients denied the presence of thyroid diseases, palpation of the thyroid gland revealed nodular formations in 5% of patients, and appropriate recommendations were given to patients.RESULTS: The overt hypothyroidism was detected in 2.4% of patients, subclinical - in 7.3% of patients in six months after the onset of coronavirus infection, and also found increased levels of the Ab-TPO in six months after recovery (p = 0.023 - Wilcoxon test). In the group of patients with increased Ab-TPO levels after COVID-19, statistically significantly high levels of IFN-g (p =
在持续的冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)期间,各种自身免疫性疾病的发病率有所增加。使用用于治疗风湿病的药物治疗严重形式的COVID-19的积极治疗效果,引起了人们对冠状病毒感染与自身免疫性疾病之间潜在关系的特别关注。这项研究的结果应该是理解免疫耐受可能破坏和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病发展机制的起点。目的:评估新冠肺炎患者发生自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的风险,探讨急性期治疗对自身免疫性甲状腺疾病可能发生的影响。材料与方法:本前瞻性比较研究纳入了在国家内分泌医学研究中心接受COVID-19和双侧多节段性病毒性肺炎临床和实验室分析的住院患者(n=41)。COVID-19患者分为两个亚组:急性期接受托珠单抗治疗的患者亚组(n=10),急性期接受对症治疗的患者亚组(n=31)。观察促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3f)、游离甲状腺素(T4f)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(Ab-TPO)和TSH受体抗体(Ab-recTSH)水平,以评估甲状腺功能状况。采用Bio-Plex Pro人细胞因子27-plex细胞因子检测试剂盒,采用多重流动免疫分析法检测血清中27种信号分子的浓度;白细胞介素-1b, -1ra, - 2,4 -10, -12, -13, -15, -17 (IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL- 4-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17), Eotaxin,成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF),粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF),粒细胞集落刺激因子(G - csf),干扰素- γ (IFN-g), ifn γ诱导蛋白10 (IP-10),单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 (MCP-1),也称为单核细胞趋化和激活因子(MCAF),巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1 (MIP-1a和-1b),血小板生长因子BB (PDGF-bb)、正常t细胞表达和分泌激活调节因子(RANTES)、肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-a)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)。所有患者均否认存在甲状腺疾病,5%的患者触诊发现甲状腺结节形成,并给予患者适当的建议。结果:2.4%的患者在冠状病毒感染后6个月内出现明显的甲状腺功能减退,7.3%的患者在冠状病毒感染后6个月内出现亚临床甲状腺功能减退,并且在康复后6个月内发现Ab-TPO水平升高(p = 0.023 - Wilcoxon检验)。在新冠肺炎后Ab-TPO水平升高的患者组中,IFN-g (p = 0.007)、Eotaxin (p = 0.008)水平均较高,具有统计学意义。在急性期未接受托珠单抗病理治疗的重症COVID-19患者组中发现Ab-recTSH升高(p = 0.046 - Mann-Whitney检验)。结论:我们的研究结果和国外同行的科学工作证明了冠状病毒感染后发生自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的潜在风险。在COVID-19中,甲状腺特征的变化与免疫系统的过度激活以及促炎白细胞介素的过度产生之间存在密切关系。这一说法得到了证实,这组患者在冠状病毒感染后出现明显和亚临床甲状腺功能减退,以及Ab- TPO水平升高(p = 0.023 - Wilcoxon检验),同时一些促炎细胞因子水平持续升高,这是由自身免疫性甲状腺炎决定的。急性期未接受托珠单抗治疗的重症COVID-19患者Ab-recTSH水平升高证实了COVID-19期间促炎细胞因子对甲状腺组织损伤的假设,以及急性期托珠单抗治疗对自身免疫性甲状腺疾病发展的保护作用的假设(p = 0.046 - Mann-Whitney检验)。
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引用次数: 0
Subacute thyroiditis and its clinical characteristics — a retrospective single center clinical study 亚急性甲状腺炎及其临床特征-回顾性单中心临床研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.14341/ket12728
N. Manevska, N. Bozinovska, B. Stoilovska Rizova, S. Stojanoski, T. Makazlieva
INTRODUCTION. Typical clinical features of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) are commonly assessed such as – neck pain and high body temperature, as well as thyroid function abnormalities, elevated inflammatory markers, and strongly suggestive hypoechoic ultrasonography characteristics. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids are used.AIM. To examine the clinical characteristics in patients with SAT, by determining the level of thyroid hormones, the size and structure of the thyroid gland as well as ultrasound and scintigraphy findings.MATERIALS AND METHODS. We performed retrospective analysis in 122 cases of SAT (both genders, mean age 45.05±12,18 years), in the period 2015-2020. We evaluated monthly frequency of the SAT occurrence, the clinical status of the patients including symptoms, body temperature, laboratory results of FT4 and TSH, CRP and ESR level, ultrasonography and scintigraphy findings.RESULTS. Most of the patients complained of neck pain, high body temperature was detected in 66/100 (66%) pts. CRP and ESR Patients were usually diagnosed in hyperthyroid phase of the disease. Enlarged thyroid gland was mostly seen on US, while 52 had normal thyroid gland, with predominantly hypoechoic non-chomogenous structure. Scintigraphy noted “empty” scan (without presentation of functional thyroid tissue) in 72/98 (73,47%) and hypofixation mainly in both lobes in 26/98 (26,53%) pts.CONCLUSION. The awareness of physicians needs to be increased in patients with neck pain for proper diagnosis of SAT, that is often is often misdiagnosed or delayed, leading to erroneous antibiotic overuse. Generally, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective in reducing thyroid pain in patients with mild cases.
介绍。亚急性甲状腺炎(SAT)的典型临床特征通常被评估为颈部疼痛和高体温,以及甲状腺功能异常,炎症标志物升高,强烈提示低回声超声特征。使用非类固醇抗炎药和皮质类固醇。通过测定甲状腺激素水平、甲状腺的大小和结构以及超声和显像检查,探讨SAT患者的临床特征。材料和方法。我们对2015-2020年期间122例SAT患者(男女,平均年龄45.05±12.18岁)进行了回顾性分析。我们评估了每月SAT发生的频率、患者的临床状况,包括症状、体温、FT4和TSH的实验室结果、CRP和ESR水平、超声和闪烁成像结果。大多数患者主诉颈部疼痛,66/100(66%)患者检测到高体温。CRP和ESR通常诊断为甲状腺功能亢进期。超声多见甲状腺肿大,52例甲状腺正常,以低回声非同质结构为主。显像显示72/98(73,47%)患者有“空”扫(未见功能性甲状腺组织),26/98(26,53%)患者主要双叶缺位。需要提高医生对颈痛患者的认识,以正确诊断SAT,这往往是经常误诊或延误,导致错误的抗生素过度使用。一般来说,非甾体类抗炎药对减轻轻度患者甲状腺疼痛有效。
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引用次数: 0
Factors, associated with the outcomes of the thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation 与甲状腺毒性房颤预后相关的因素
Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.14341/ket12729
D. A. Ponomartseva, A. Babenko
BACKGROUND: Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation (TAF) is associated with an increase in total and cardiovascular mortality, mainly due to the thromboembolic events. Therefore, thromboembolism prevention is an important TAF treatment component. Thus, it seems interesting to identify TAF thromboembolic complications predictors.TAF is a potentially reversible state. However, the spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm after the euthyroidism achievement does not occur in all patients. In patients with a history of thyrotoxicosis the hospitalization rate due to cardiovascular pathology, and due to atrial fibrillation (AF), in particular, is higher than in the general population, even after the radical treatment of thyrotoxicosis.The development of prediction tools for mentioned above TAF complications and adverse outcomes, would make it possible to create more detailed and high-quality guidelines for the management of patients with thyrotoxicosis-induced AF. At the same time, the predictors of TAF thromboembolic complications and TAF maintenance after the euthyroid state is achieved, are not well currently understood.AIM: The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for TAF adverse outcomes: thromboembolic events and the lack of spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm after the euthyroidism was achieved.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 70 patients aged 24 to 70 years with a history of overt thyrotoxicosis and TAF. The following parameters were analyzed in all participants: thromboembolic events due to TAF, the presence of the spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm after the euthyroidism was achieved and potentially associated with TAF adverse outcomes factors: a number of clinical and demographic factors, echocardiography data and characteristics of the TAF course. Regression analysis was performed to study the effect of these potential predictors on the risk of the thromboembolism and TAF maintenance. The cut-off points for the identified risk factors were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves creating.RESULTS: The analysis showed that the only independent TAF thromboembolic complications predictor among studied parameters was the large left atrium diameter (>4.3 cm), and the predictors of TAF maintenance after the euthyroid state is achieved included the large left ventricle end-diastolic size (>4.5 cm) and the presence of left atrium dilation.CONCLUSION: In this study, echocardiographic parameters associated with TAF thromboembolic complications and TAF persistence after euthyroid state is achieved, were identified. This may be useful for the TAF adverse outcomes risk assessment tools development in the future.
背景:甲状腺毒性心房颤动(TAF)与总死亡率和心血管死亡率的增加有关,主要是由于血栓栓塞事件。因此,预防血栓栓塞是TAF治疗的重要组成部分。因此,确定TAF血栓栓塞并发症的预测因素似乎很有趣。TAF是一个潜在的可逆状态。然而,并非所有患者在甲状腺功能亢进后都能自发恢复窦性心律。在有甲状腺毒症病史的患者中,即使在甲状腺毒症根治后,因心血管病理,特别是心房颤动(AF)引起的住院率也高于一般人群。上述TAF并发症和不良结局预测工具的发展,将有可能为甲状腺毒功能诱发的房颤患者的管理创造更详细和高质量的指南。同时,TAF血栓栓塞并发症和甲状腺功能正常后TAF维持的预测因素目前尚不清楚。目的:本研究的目的是确定TAF不良结局的危险因素:血栓栓塞事件和实现甲状腺功能亢进后缺乏自发恢复窦性心律。材料和方法:这是一项回顾性研究,70例24 - 70岁有明显甲状腺毒症和TAF病史的患者。对所有参与者的以下参数进行分析:TAF引起的血栓栓塞事件,甲状腺功能亢进后自发性窦性心律恢复的存在,以及与TAF不良结局因素相关的潜在因素:许多临床和人口因素,超声心动图数据和TAF病程特征。通过回归分析研究这些潜在的预测因素对血栓栓塞风险和TAF维持的影响。确定危险因素的分界点由受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定。结果:分析显示,TAF在研究参数中唯一独立的血栓栓塞并发症预测因子是大左心房直径(>4.3 cm),达到甲状腺功能正常状态后TAF维持的预测因子包括大左心室舒张末期尺寸(>4.5 cm)和存在左心房扩张。结论:在本研究中,确定了与TAF血栓栓塞并发症和甲状腺功能恢复后TAF持续时间相关的超声心动图参数。这可能对未来TAF不良后果风险评估工具的开发有用。
{"title":"Factors, associated with the outcomes of the thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation","authors":"D. A. Ponomartseva, A. Babenko","doi":"10.14341/ket12729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/ket12729","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation (TAF) is associated with an increase in total and cardiovascular mortality, mainly due to the thromboembolic events. Therefore, thromboembolism prevention is an important TAF treatment component. Thus, it seems interesting to identify TAF thromboembolic complications predictors.TAF is a potentially reversible state. However, the spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm after the euthyroidism achievement does not occur in all patients. In patients with a history of thyrotoxicosis the hospitalization rate due to cardiovascular pathology, and due to atrial fibrillation (AF), in particular, is higher than in the general population, even after the radical treatment of thyrotoxicosis.The development of prediction tools for mentioned above TAF complications and adverse outcomes, would make it possible to create more detailed and high-quality guidelines for the management of patients with thyrotoxicosis-induced AF. At the same time, the predictors of TAF thromboembolic complications and TAF maintenance after the euthyroid state is achieved, are not well currently understood.AIM: The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for TAF adverse outcomes: thromboembolic events and the lack of spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm after the euthyroidism was achieved.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 70 patients aged 24 to 70 years with a history of overt thyrotoxicosis and TAF. The following parameters were analyzed in all participants: thromboembolic events due to TAF, the presence of the spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm after the euthyroidism was achieved and potentially associated with TAF adverse outcomes factors: a number of clinical and demographic factors, echocardiography data and characteristics of the TAF course. Regression analysis was performed to study the effect of these potential predictors on the risk of the thromboembolism and TAF maintenance. The cut-off points for the identified risk factors were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves creating.RESULTS: The analysis showed that the only independent TAF thromboembolic complications predictor among studied parameters was the large left atrium diameter (>4.3 cm), and the predictors of TAF maintenance after the euthyroid state is achieved included the large left ventricle end-diastolic size (>4.5 cm) and the presence of left atrium dilation.CONCLUSION: In this study, echocardiographic parameters associated with TAF thromboembolic complications and TAF persistence after euthyroid state is achieved, were identified. This may be useful for the TAF adverse outcomes risk assessment tools development in the future.","PeriodicalId":10284,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental thyroidology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83434478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of artificial intelligence in the differential thyroid nodules ultrasound diagnostics 人工智能在甲状腺结节鉴别超声诊断中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.14341/ket12730
A. Trukhin, S. M. Zakharova, M. Y. Dunaev, M. P. Isaeva, A. Garmash, E. Troshina
Advances in the development and improvement of medical technologies and methods of processing medical images make it possible to highlight clinically significant characteristics that were not previously available to classical methods of medical imaging. Ultrasound diagnostics of thyroid gland nodules has a huge potential medical images processing. The article presents an overview of the existing ultrasound classification systems for thyroid nodules malignancy and the prospects for the development of intellectual tools TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) classification system.
医学技术的发展和改进以及处理医学图像的方法的进步,使得突出以前经典医学成像方法无法获得的临床重要特征成为可能。超声诊断甲状腺结节具有巨大的医学图像处理潜力。本文综述了现有甲状腺结节恶性肿瘤超声分类系统,并对智能工具甲状腺影像报告与数据系统(TIRADS)分类系统的发展前景进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
Stratification of thyroid nodules by Eu-TIRADS categories using transfer learning of convolutional neural networks 使用卷积神经网络的迁移学习对Eu-TIRADS分类的甲状腺结节分层
Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.14341/ket12724
E. Fartushnyi, Yulia P. Sytch, I. Fartushnyi, K. Koshechkin, G. Lebedev
The article describes a method for assessing the malignancy potential of thyroid nodules and their stratification according to the European Thyroid Imaging And Reporting Data System (Eu-TIRADS) scale based on ultrasound diagnostic images using an artificial intelligence system. The method is based on the use of transfer learning technology for multi-parameter models of convolutional neural networks and their subsequent fine tuning. It was shown that even on a small dataset consisting of 1129 thyroid ultrasound images classified by 5 Eu-TIRADS categories, the application of the method provides high training accuracy (Accuracy: 0.8, AUC: 0.92). This makes it possible to introduce and use this technology in clinical practice as an additional tool (‘second opinion’) for an objective assessment of the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules for the purpose of their further selection for fine needle biopsy.
本文描述了一种基于超声诊断图像的人工智能系统,根据欧洲甲状腺成像和报告数据系统(Eu-TIRADS)量表评估甲状腺结节恶性潜能及其分层的方法。该方法基于对卷积神经网络的多参数模型及其后续微调使用迁移学习技术。结果表明,即使在由5个Eu-TIRADS类别分类的1129张甲状腺超声图像组成的小数据集上,该方法的应用也提供了很高的训练精度(准确率:0.8,AUC: 0.92)。这使得在临床实践中引入和使用该技术成为可能,作为一种额外的工具(“第二意见”),用于客观评估甲状腺结节恶性肿瘤的风险,以便进一步选择细针活检。
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引用次数: 1
The combination of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and diffuse toxic goiter in a patient with acromegaly 肢端肥大症合并甲状腺乳头状微癌及弥漫性中毒性甲状腺肿1例
Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.14341/ket12723
L. Dzeranova, A. V. Tkachuk, E. Pigarova, M. Perepelova, I. V. Kim, A. Dorovskikh, A. Shutova
{"title":"The combination of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and diffuse toxic goiter in a patient with acromegaly","authors":"L. Dzeranova, A. V. Tkachuk, E. Pigarova, M. Perepelova, I. V. Kim, A. Dorovskikh, A. Shutova","doi":"10.14341/ket12723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/ket12723","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10284,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental thyroidology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73008696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alternative biomarkers of thyroid cancer 甲状腺癌的替代生物标志物
Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.14341/ket12715
U. V. Buyvalenko, A. R. Levshina, E. E. Sakhnova
Serum thyroglobulin is the main biomarker for postoperative monitoring of papillary thyroid cancer recurrence however, the high prevalence of the disease dictates the need to find a reliable indicator for laboratory diagnosis of the tumor process. The presence of antibodies to thyroglobulin affects the prognosis of the disease and determines the likelihood of relapse; however, it is impossible to influence the level of antibodies using currently available methods. More commonly, trends in anti-thyroglobulin levels at the time of disease detection and after radical treatment are considered, but there is disagreement on the interpretation of the results. Currently, various alternative biomarkers are being proposed and studied, the evaluation and comparison of which will be the subject of this literature review.
血清甲状腺球蛋白是术后监测甲状腺乳头状癌复发的主要生物标志物,然而,该疾病的高患病率决定了需要寻找一种可靠的肿瘤过程实验室诊断指标。甲状腺球蛋白抗体的存在影响疾病的预后并决定复发的可能性;然而,使用目前可用的方法是不可能影响抗体水平的。更常见的是,考虑疾病检测时和根治后抗甲状腺球蛋白水平的趋势,但对结果的解释存在分歧。目前,各种替代生物标志物正在被提出和研究,其评估和比较将是本文献综述的主题。
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引用次数: 0
The chemiluminescent and enzymatic activity of blood neutrophils in patients with Graves' disease depending on hyperthyroidism compensation 甲状腺功能亢进代偿对Graves病患者血液中性粒细胞化学发光和酶活性的影响
Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.14341/ket12717
M. Dudina, A. Savchenko, S. Dogadin, I. Gvozdev
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress in Graves’ disease can potentiate the cytotoxicity of neutrophils and support autoimmune inflammation. Elimination of hyperthyroidism with conservative therapy with thiamazole only in some cases leads to remission, which determines the necessity to search an immunological markers for etiotropic therapeutic approaches in treatment of the disease.AIM: To study the chemiluminescent and enzymatic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with Graves’ disease depending on hyperthyroidism compensation to determine the intracellular targets of immunotropic treatment.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spontaneous and zymosan-induced chemiluminescence was evaluated using a 36-channel chemiluminescence analyzer «BLM-3607» (MedBioTech, Krasnoyarsk). The reactivity of peripheral blood neutrophils was characterized by: Tmax — the rate of development of the chemiluminescent reaction, Imax — the maximum level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and the area under the chemiluminescence curve (S — total synthesis of ROS for 90 minutes of measurement). The activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in neutrophils was determined using the bioluminescent method.RESULTS: The prospective study included 126 women with Graves’ disease, aged 18 to 65 years, 93 (73.81%) with compensated and 33 (26.19%) with uncompensated hyperthyroidism. In uncompensated hyperthyroidism, the indicator S of spontaneous ROS and zymosan-induced lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence increases significantly, both relative to the control and to the values of compensated hyperthyroidism patients. Antigenic neutrophils stimulation during luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism demonstrated more than tenfold increase in the total synthesis of ROS relative to the control, but no statistically significant differences with compensated hyperthyroidism patients. A high level of NADH-GDG was established in patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism, both relative to the control range and to the patients with euthyroidism.CONCLUSION: Violation of oxygen peripheral blood neutrophils metabolism in patients with euthyroidism mainly affects the production of ROS, which is associated with hyperthyroidism compensation and the immunosuppressive effect of thiamazole. In patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism, there are more changes in the production of high-energy oxidants not only at initial oxidative reactions stage, but also at the level of secondary ROS, indicating the activation of cellular response immunological mechanisms.
背景:Graves病的氧化应激可增强中性粒细胞的细胞毒性并支持自身免疫性炎症。仅在某些情况下,用噻马唑保守治疗消除甲亢导致缓解,这决定了在治疗疾病的病因治疗方法中寻找免疫标记物的必要性。目的:研究甲状腺功能亢进代偿型Graves病患者外周血中性粒细胞的化学发光和酶活性,以确定免疫治疗的细胞内靶点。材料和方法:使用36通道化学发光分析仪«BLM-3607»(MedBioTech,克拉斯诺亚尔斯克)评估自发和酵母菌诱导的化学发光。外周血中性粒细胞的反应性表征为:Tmax -化学发光反应的发生速率,Imax -最大活性氧(ROS)合成水平和化学发光曲线下面积(S -测量90分钟内ROS的总合成)。采用生物发光法测定了中性粒细胞中NAD(P)依赖性脱氢酶的活性。结果:前瞻性研究纳入126例Graves病患者,年龄18 ~ 65岁,其中代偿性甲亢93例(73.81%),非代偿性甲亢33例(26.19%)。在非代偿性甲状腺机能亢进患者中,自发ROS和酶生酶诱导的lucigenin依赖性化学发光指标S相对于对照组和代偿性甲状腺机能亢进患者均显著升高。复发性甲状腺功能亢进患者在鲁米诺依赖性化学发光期间的抗原中性粒细胞刺激显示,ROS的总合成比对照组增加了十倍以上,但与代偿性甲状腺功能亢进患者无统计学差异。复发性甲状腺机能亢进患者NADH-GDG水平较高,无论是相对于对照范围还是相对于甲状腺功能亢进患者。结论:甲亢患者外周血中氧中性粒细胞代谢紊乱主要影响ROS的产生,这与甲亢代偿及噻马唑的免疫抑制作用有关。在复发性甲亢患者中,不仅在初始氧化反应阶段,而且在继发性ROS水平上,高能氧化剂的产生都发生了更多的变化,表明细胞反应免疫机制的激活。
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引用次数: 0
Autoimmune diseases accompanying Hashimoto thyroiditis in pediatric patients 小儿桥本甲状腺炎患者的自身免疫性疾病
Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.14341/ket12720
G. Gencan, B. Acar
AIM: Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of goiter and acquired hypothyroidism in children and adolescents living in iodine-sufficient regions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the coexistence of other accompanying autoimmune diseases in patients aged 5–18 years who were diagnosed and followed up at the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of our hospital.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 220 patients aged 5–18 years who were diagnosed with HT at the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of the University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital. Patient’ age at admission, sex, family history, complaints at admission, comorbidities, physical examination and laboratory findings, and clinical follow-up information were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTS: Of the 220 patients, 77.7% were female and 22.2% were male, with a mean age of 13.8±3.3 years. Of the 51.4 had euthyroidism, 40.4% had subclinical hypothyroidism,and 8.2% had overt hypothyroidism, respectively. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody was detected in 97% of patients and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg) was detected in 74% of patients. There was a family history of autoimmune disease in 36.4% of the patients. Autoimmune disease were present in 45 patients (20.4%). The most common autoimmune diseases in the patients were type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (14%), celiac disease (5%), skin diseases (2.7%), and rheumatologic diseases (1.3%). No statistically significant differences were found between the sex, age at diagnosis, current age, family history of autoimmune disease and thyroid function status of patients with HT and T1DM.The mean age of the patients followed up with HT with and without additional autoimmune disease was similar (p=0.644). In both groups, female sex was dominant. However, the number of male patients (35.6%) in the group with additional autoimmune disease was statistically significantly elevated than the group without autoimmune disease (19.9%) (p=0.016). The rate of subclinical hypothyroidism was statistically significantly elevated in the group without additional autoimmune disease (p<0.001). A statistically significant relationship was found between elevated Anti-Tg and additional autoimmune disease (OR=2.32 (95% CI; 1.16–4.56). The prevalence of additional autoimmune disease was increased 2.32 times in patients with elevated anti-Tg levels.There was no statistically significant correlation between the sex of the patients, their thyroid function status and thyroid autoantibodies (p=0.507). However, the prevalence of celiac disease was statistically significantly elevated in female patients (43.5%) than in male patients (6.7%) (p=0.014). In addition, the prevalence of T1DM was found to be statistically significantly elevated in males (93.8%) compared to females (52.2%) (p=0.007). 13.3% of patients with additional autoimmune disease were under the age of 10 and 64.4% were above the age of 10, this was statistically significant (p<0.01). T1DM was the most common
目的:桥本甲状腺炎(桥本甲状腺炎)是生活在碘充足地区的儿童和青少年甲状腺肿和获得性甲状腺功能减退的最常见原因。在本研究中,我们的目的是调查在我院儿科内分泌科门诊诊断和随访的5-18岁患者中其他伴随自身免疫性疾病的共存情况。材料和方法:共有220名年龄在5-18岁的患者在安卡拉健康科学大学城市医院儿科内分泌学诊所被诊断为HT。回顾性分析患者入院时的年龄、性别、家族史、入院时的主诉、合并症、体格检查和实验室结果以及临床随访信息。结果:220例患者中,女性占77.7%,男性占22.2%,平均年龄13.8±3.3岁。51.4例甲状腺功能正常,40.4%为亚临床甲状腺功能减退,8.2%为显性甲状腺功能减退。97%的患者检测到抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体,74%的患者检测到抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(anti-Tg)。36.4%的患者有自身免疫性疾病家族史。自身免疫性疾病45例(20.4%)。患者中最常见的自身免疫性疾病是1型糖尿病(T1DM)(14%)、乳糜泻(5%)、皮肤病(2.7%)和风湿病(1.3%)。HT和T1DM患者的性别、诊断年龄、当前年龄、自身免疫性疾病家族史和甲状腺功能状态之间无统计学差异。伴有和不伴有自身免疫性疾病的HT患者的平均年龄相似(p=0.644)。在两组中,女性都占主导地位。但合并自身免疫性疾病组男性患者人数(35.6%)高于无自身免疫性疾病组(19.9%),差异有统计学意义(p=0.016)。无自身免疫性疾病组亚临床甲状腺功能减退的发生率有统计学意义显著升高(p<0.001)。抗tg升高与其他自身免疫性疾病之间存在统计学上显著的关系(OR=2.32 (95% CI;1.16 - -4.56)。在抗tg水平升高的患者中,其他自身免疫性疾病的患病率增加了2.32倍。患者性别、甲状腺功能状况与甲状腺自身抗体的相关性无统计学意义(p=0.507)。然而,女性患者的乳糜泻患病率(43.5%)高于男性患者(6.7%),差异有统计学意义(p=0.014)。此外,男性T1DM患病率(93.8%)高于女性(52.2%),差异有统计学意义(p=0.007)。合并自身免疫性疾病的患者中,年龄在10岁以下的占13.3%,10岁以上的占64.4%,差异有统计学意义(p<0.01)。T1DM是两组中最常见的自身免疫性疾病。结论:本研究显示,自身免疫性疾病,尤其是T1DM和乳糜泻与HT相关。应该记住的是,HT患者发生自身免疫性疾病的风险增加,这种疾病对两性都有影响,并且随着年龄的增长而增加。特别是,对自身免疫性疾病发展中抗tg水平升高的HT患者进行定期随访,对于疾病的早期诊断和降低其发病率非常重要。
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Clinical and experimental thyroidology
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