Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20220543
Carlos Augusto Alves Cardoso Silva, P. Fiorio, R. Rizzo, R. Rossetto, A. Vitti, F. Dias, K. A. Oliveira, Michaela Bárbara Neto
ABSTRACT: This study applied spectroradiometry techniques with hyperspectral data to identify the correlations between sugarcane leaf reflectance and the contents of Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg). During the harvests 2019/20 and 2020/21, sugarcane was introduced to nutritional stress by the application of limestone doses. Liming was applied in a fractional way and, at the end of five years, the amounts corresponded to 0, 9, 15 and 21 t ha-1 of dolomitic limestone. The leaf hyperspectral reflectance data and the state of nutrients in the exponential growth phase of the culture were registered. The wavelengths correlated with N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg were identified using the Spearman’s correlation analysis. The test of similarity (ANOSIM) and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to evaluate data variability, as well as the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) for the prediction of the nutritional contents. The order of the degree of correlation in the region of visible was: P > K > N > Ca > S > Mg and for the region of the near infrared: P > K > Ca > N > S > Mg. P presented peaks with high correlations in the wavelengths 706-717 nm (-0.78) and 522-543 nm (-0.76). The values of the PLSR registered the best spectral responses in the region of VIS and red-edge, regions that are more sensitive to the deficiency of sulfur, potassium and phosphorus.
摘要:本研究利用高光谱数据，利用光谱辐射测定技术，研究了甘蔗叶片反射率与氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、硫(S)、钙(Ca)和镁(Mg)含量的关系。在2019/20和2020/21收获期间，甘蔗通过施用石灰石剂量而受到营养胁迫。石灰是分次施用的，在5年结束时，石灰的用量分别为0、9、15和21吨/公顷。记录了指数生长期叶片高光谱反射率数据和营养物质状况。利用Spearman相关分析确定了与N、P、K、S、Ca和Mg相关的波长。采用相似性检验(ANOSIM)和主成分分析(PCA)评估数据的可变性，并采用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)预测营养含量。在可见光区域的相关度顺序为:P > K > N > Ca > S > Mg，在近红外区域的相关度顺序为:P > K > Ca > N > S > Mg。P值在706 ~ 717 nm(-0.78)和522 ~ 543 nm(-0.76)处呈高相关性。在对缺硫、缺钾、缺磷较为敏感的VIS区和红边区，PLSR值的光谱响应最好。
{"title":"Detection of nutritional stress in sugarcane by VIS-NIR-SWIR reflectance spectroscopy","authors":"Carlos Augusto Alves Cardoso Silva, P. Fiorio, R. Rizzo, R. Rossetto, A. Vitti, F. Dias, K. A. Oliveira, Michaela Bárbara Neto","doi":"10.1590/0103-8478cr20220543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220543","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This study applied spectroradiometry techniques with hyperspectral data to identify the correlations between sugarcane leaf reflectance and the contents of Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg). During the harvests 2019/20 and 2020/21, sugarcane was introduced to nutritional stress by the application of limestone doses. Liming was applied in a fractional way and, at the end of five years, the amounts corresponded to 0, 9, 15 and 21 t ha-1 of dolomitic limestone. The leaf hyperspectral reflectance data and the state of nutrients in the exponential growth phase of the culture were registered. The wavelengths correlated with N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg were identified using the Spearman’s correlation analysis. The test of similarity (ANOSIM) and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to evaluate data variability, as well as the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) for the prediction of the nutritional contents. The order of the degree of correlation in the region of visible was: P > K > N > Ca > S > Mg and for the region of the near infrared: P > K > Ca > N > S > Mg. P presented peaks with high correlations in the wavelengths 706-717 nm (-0.78) and 522-543 nm (-0.76). The values of the PLSR registered the best spectral responses in the region of VIS and red-edge, regions that are more sensitive to the deficiency of sulfur, potassium and phosphorus.","PeriodicalId":10308,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Rural","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67642361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20220017
C. Giustina, C. A. Carvalho, R. Carnevalli, M. Romano, Francisco das Chagas de Abreu Pereira
ABSTRACT: Silvopastoral systems can have animal welfare and sustainability benefits because trees continually remove carbon from atmosphere, reducing greenhouse effects. Thisstudy identified the most promising fruit trees for inclusion in silvopastoral systems to dairy cattle calves. This experiment was conducted at EmbrapaAgrossilvipastoril, Brazil, between 2014 and 2018. Five silvopastoral systems with fruit trees and ‘Tifton-85’ grass were designed to evaluate tree growth and light environment under the canopies. Data were analyzed using SAS® and PDIFF (P < 0.10). Caja fruit trees had the greatest tree height (5.4 m) and trunk diameter (23.4 cm), while acerola fruit tree had the smallest (1.8 m and 8.3 cm, respectively). At 42 months (drought 2017), caja, cashew, and guava trees had similar heights. Guava trees had the highest light interception (89.3%), both cashew cultivars provided medium levels of shade (50 to 60% LI) and with greater constancy between the rainy and dry seasons. The systems that showed increased light interception during the drought period were those with CCP76 in 2017 and EMB51 in 2018. Higher incidences of wavelengths of the spectral composition of light occurred between the rainfall (2015) and drought (2017) periods, and greater differences in the ratio of red:far red in 2015. By 2018, there were no more differences between the rainy and dry seasons for the spectral composition of light under the tree canopies. Cashews and guava trees have adequate growth and light environment to support silvopastoral systems but Caja and acerola fruit trees showed limitations.
{"title":"Growth and light environment of fruit trees in silvipastoral systems for rearing of dairy herds","authors":"C. Giustina, C. A. Carvalho, R. Carnevalli, M. Romano, Francisco das Chagas de Abreu Pereira","doi":"10.1590/0103-8478cr20220017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220017","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Silvopastoral systems can have animal welfare and sustainability benefits because trees continually remove carbon from atmosphere, reducing greenhouse effects. Thisstudy identified the most promising fruit trees for inclusion in silvopastoral systems to dairy cattle calves. This experiment was conducted at EmbrapaAgrossilvipastoril, Brazil, between 2014 and 2018. Five silvopastoral systems with fruit trees and ‘Tifton-85’ grass were designed to evaluate tree growth and light environment under the canopies. Data were analyzed using SAS® and PDIFF (P < 0.10). Caja fruit trees had the greatest tree height (5.4 m) and trunk diameter (23.4 cm), while acerola fruit tree had the smallest (1.8 m and 8.3 cm, respectively). At 42 months (drought 2017), caja, cashew, and guava trees had similar heights. Guava trees had the highest light interception (89.3%), both cashew cultivars provided medium levels of shade (50 to 60% LI) and with greater constancy between the rainy and dry seasons. The systems that showed increased light interception during the drought period were those with CCP76 in 2017 and EMB51 in 2018. Higher incidences of wavelengths of the spectral composition of light occurred between the rainfall (2015) and drought (2017) periods, and greater differences in the ratio of red:far red in 2015. By 2018, there were no more differences between the rainy and dry seasons for the spectral composition of light under the tree canopies. Cashews and guava trees have adequate growth and light environment to support silvopastoral systems but Caja and acerola fruit trees showed limitations.","PeriodicalId":10308,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Rural","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67635661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20220509
Arthur Duarte Rodrigues Neto, Naiane Antunes Alves Ribeiro, Fagner Angelo da Silva e Oliveira, G. A. Faria, E. P. Prado
ABSTRACT: In this research, the Volumetric Median Diameters (VMDs), Relative Span (RS), percentage of droplets with a diameter smaller than 100 µm (V100), and percentage ofdrift (% drift) of four droplet classes (Fine, Medium, Coarse, and Very Coarse) were analyzedin two spray volumes (77 L.ha-1and 144 L.ha-1) employinga tank-mix of atrazine and nicosulfuron herbicides (2500 + 15 gaiha-1), usingParticle/Droplet Imaging Analyze (PDIA) and wind tunnel techniques. The experiments were performed under Completely Randomized Design, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (droplet classes × sprayvolumes). Data underwent analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at 5%, and the correlation between variables was computedconsidering Pearson’s coefficient at 1% and 5%. The VMD of all droplet classes was considerably distinct in the two spray volumes. In both application spray volumes, the minimum VMD for the Coarsedropletclass classification was not attained. The highest means of RS were detectedin the spray volume of 77 L.ha-1. All treatments demonstratedsignificant differences in the analysis of V100 and % drift, with the highest means observed in the Fine droplet (144 L.ha-1) and Medium (77 L.ha-1). A negative correlation existed between VMD × V100 and VMD × % drift and a positive correlation between V100 × % drift in the two spray volumes. RS was negatively correlated with VMD and positively with V100 and % drift, in the spray volume of 77 L.ha-1. In the spray volume of 144 L.ha-1, the correlation between RSand VMD, V100, and % drift was insignificant.
{"title":"Droplet spectrum characteristics and drift potential of different droplet classes and spray volumes application of atrazine with nicosulfuron","authors":"Arthur Duarte Rodrigues Neto, Naiane Antunes Alves Ribeiro, Fagner Angelo da Silva e Oliveira, G. A. Faria, E. P. Prado","doi":"10.1590/0103-8478cr20220509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220509","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In this research, the Volumetric Median Diameters (VMDs), Relative Span (RS), percentage of droplets with a diameter smaller than 100 µm (V100), and percentage ofdrift (% drift) of four droplet classes (Fine, Medium, Coarse, and Very Coarse) were analyzedin two spray volumes (77 L.ha-1and 144 L.ha-1) employinga tank-mix of atrazine and nicosulfuron herbicides (2500 + 15 gaiha-1), usingParticle/Droplet Imaging Analyze (PDIA) and wind tunnel techniques. The experiments were performed under Completely Randomized Design, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (droplet classes × sprayvolumes). Data underwent analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at 5%, and the correlation between variables was computedconsidering Pearson’s coefficient at 1% and 5%. The VMD of all droplet classes was considerably distinct in the two spray volumes. In both application spray volumes, the minimum VMD for the Coarsedropletclass classification was not attained. The highest means of RS were detectedin the spray volume of 77 L.ha-1. All treatments demonstratedsignificant differences in the analysis of V100 and % drift, with the highest means observed in the Fine droplet (144 L.ha-1) and Medium (77 L.ha-1). A negative correlation existed between VMD × V100 and VMD × % drift and a positive correlation between V100 × % drift in the two spray volumes. RS was negatively correlated with VMD and positively with V100 and % drift, in the spray volume of 77 L.ha-1. In the spray volume of 144 L.ha-1, the correlation between RSand VMD, V100, and % drift was insignificant.","PeriodicalId":10308,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Rural","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67641290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20220595
E. G. Gomes, S. Santos, Emanuel Salgado de Paula, Marcelo Augusto Nogueira, Márcia Divina de Oliveira, S. M. Salis, B. Soriano, W. Tomas
ABSTRACT: Beef cattle ranching is the main economic activity in the Brazilian Pantanal, undertaken in an extensive manner, mostly in natural environments and dynamic in space and time. The ongoing monitoring, assessment, and performance improvement are key aspects of the search for sustainable use of natural resources in beef cattle ranches, as these ranches are the management units in the Pantanal. In this paper we proposed a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to assess the performance of fourteen beef cattle ranches in the Pantanal wetland as a case study, considering financial, productive, and environmental sustainability dimensions. We modeled each dimension separately and calculated an overall performance score. We also fit fractional regression models to study the influence of potential covariates on the performance scores. The methodological approach proposed here proved to be adequate for the case study, as the results are in line with the expectations of decision-makers regarding the performance of the ranches. The overall performance analysis was influenced by the proportion of higher quality native forage resources, which depends on the dynamics and on the spatial-temporal variation of the landscapes. Therefore, overall performance requires adaptive management of ranches based on diversity conservation, which benefits the multifunctionality of products and services.
{"title":"Multidimensional performance assessment of a sample of beef cattle ranches in the Pantanal from a data envelopment analysis perspective","authors":"E. G. Gomes, S. Santos, Emanuel Salgado de Paula, Marcelo Augusto Nogueira, Márcia Divina de Oliveira, S. M. Salis, B. Soriano, W. Tomas","doi":"10.1590/0103-8478cr20220595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220595","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Beef cattle ranching is the main economic activity in the Brazilian Pantanal, undertaken in an extensive manner, mostly in natural environments and dynamic in space and time. The ongoing monitoring, assessment, and performance improvement are key aspects of the search for sustainable use of natural resources in beef cattle ranches, as these ranches are the management units in the Pantanal. In this paper we proposed a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to assess the performance of fourteen beef cattle ranches in the Pantanal wetland as a case study, considering financial, productive, and environmental sustainability dimensions. We modeled each dimension separately and calculated an overall performance score. We also fit fractional regression models to study the influence of potential covariates on the performance scores. The methodological approach proposed here proved to be adequate for the case study, as the results are in line with the expectations of decision-makers regarding the performance of the ranches. The overall performance analysis was influenced by the proportion of higher quality native forage resources, which depends on the dynamics and on the spatial-temporal variation of the landscapes. Therefore, overall performance requires adaptive management of ranches based on diversity conservation, which benefits the multifunctionality of products and services.","PeriodicalId":10308,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Rural","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67642400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20220678
Pollyana Figueiredo Alves de Souza, Amanda Carolina de Souza Amador, F. Bruhn, P. B. Faria
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated factors associated with the pre-slaughter handling of pigs in a commercial slaughterhouse located in Minas Gerais and evaluated the influence of these factors on the initial pH and temperature of the carcasses. In all, 4449 carcasses were evaluated. The factors evaluated were transport distance, transport duration, loading density, fasting duration, resting duration, average weight of the animals, average temperature in the resting area, and maximum temperature in the resting area. The effects of these factors on the initial (i.e., at 45 minutes after slaughter) temperature and pH (pH45) were measured. The pH45 values were used to determine the occurrence of PSE; the carcasses were classified as PSE when they presented a pH45 < 5.90. Results showed that animals fasted for more than 24 hours were more likely to result in PSE meat (1.41 times more likely), as did animals that were exposed to an average temperature above 24 °C (1.52 times more likely). Except for the average weight of the animals, which did not affect the initial temperature values, all other pre-slaughter factors have influenced both pH45 and the initial temperature values, and the difference of fasting duration and the temperature in the resting area increase the incidence of PSE meat.
{"title":"Pre slaughter factors in pigs on initial pH and temperature: a case study","authors":"Pollyana Figueiredo Alves de Souza, Amanda Carolina de Souza Amador, F. Bruhn, P. B. Faria","doi":"10.1590/0103-8478cr20220678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220678","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This study evaluated factors associated with the pre-slaughter handling of pigs in a commercial slaughterhouse located in Minas Gerais and evaluated the influence of these factors on the initial pH and temperature of the carcasses. In all, 4449 carcasses were evaluated. The factors evaluated were transport distance, transport duration, loading density, fasting duration, resting duration, average weight of the animals, average temperature in the resting area, and maximum temperature in the resting area. The effects of these factors on the initial (i.e., at 45 minutes after slaughter) temperature and pH (pH45) were measured. The pH45 values were used to determine the occurrence of PSE; the carcasses were classified as PSE when they presented a pH45 < 5.90. Results showed that animals fasted for more than 24 hours were more likely to result in PSE meat (1.41 times more likely), as did animals that were exposed to an average temperature above 24 °C (1.52 times more likely). Except for the average weight of the animals, which did not affect the initial temperature values, all other pre-slaughter factors have influenced both pH45 and the initial temperature values, and the difference of fasting duration and the temperature in the resting area increase the incidence of PSE meat.","PeriodicalId":10308,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Rural","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67642645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20220256
Daiane Lima Martins, Andre Cabral, Helen Cristine Leimann Winter, Sandra Mariotto, E. Nascimento, R. Faria, E. L. Martins, D. O. Ritter, M. Lanzarin
ABSTRACT: In recent decades, Aeromonas hydrophila has emerged as a foodborne bacterial pathogen of public health concern, especially as it exhibits resistance to the major chemical sanitizers commonly used in the food industry. Meanwhile, this pathogen may be spread from diseased fish flesh through the contamination of equipment contact surfaces during food processing, thus posing a food safety risk. Thise determined the susceptibility profiles of retail fish-borne A. hydrophila isolates to 24 common antibiotics and five major sanitizers used in the food industry. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to confirm all A. hydrophila isolates to the species level, and the agar diffusion method was applied to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. All isolates were confirmed to be A. hydrophila species. This bacterium was observed to have resistance to multiple antibiotics, with the highest resistance index being for those of the beta-lactam class. Additionally, the isolates showed high resistance to four of the five chemical sanitizers tested, with the highest resistance rate being toward sodium hypochlorite. The results suggested that A. hydrophila isolates with multiple resistance to the antimicrobials and main sanitizers used in the food industry can be found in retail fish sold in the Cuiabá region of Mato Grosso, Brazil.
{"title":"Resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates to antimicrobials and sanitizers","authors":"Daiane Lima Martins, Andre Cabral, Helen Cristine Leimann Winter, Sandra Mariotto, E. Nascimento, R. Faria, E. L. Martins, D. O. Ritter, M. Lanzarin","doi":"10.1590/0103-8478cr20220256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220256","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In recent decades, Aeromonas hydrophila has emerged as a foodborne bacterial pathogen of public health concern, especially as it exhibits resistance to the major chemical sanitizers commonly used in the food industry. Meanwhile, this pathogen may be spread from diseased fish flesh through the contamination of equipment contact surfaces during food processing, thus posing a food safety risk. Thise determined the susceptibility profiles of retail fish-borne A. hydrophila isolates to 24 common antibiotics and five major sanitizers used in the food industry. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to confirm all A. hydrophila isolates to the species level, and the agar diffusion method was applied to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. All isolates were confirmed to be A. hydrophila species. This bacterium was observed to have resistance to multiple antibiotics, with the highest resistance index being for those of the beta-lactam class. Additionally, the isolates showed high resistance to four of the five chemical sanitizers tested, with the highest resistance rate being toward sodium hypochlorite. The results suggested that A. hydrophila isolates with multiple resistance to the antimicrobials and main sanitizers used in the food industry can be found in retail fish sold in the Cuiabá region of Mato Grosso, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":10308,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Rural","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67638220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20220450
Amanda Radmann Bergmann, T. Siebeneichler, Lucas de Oliveira Fischer, Ígor Ratzmann Holz, C. Rombaldi, Bruna Andressa dos Santos Oliveira, D. L. D. O. Fischer, Catia Silveira da Silva, E. Helbig
ABSTRACT: The physicochemical characterization, antioxidant potential and phenolic composition of fruits of six genotypes (BB3, BB4, BB6, PW1, PW2 and PW5) and seven commercial cultivars (Bluebelle, Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax, Delite, Powderblue and Woodard) were carried out of blueberry, from the 2019/2020 production cycle. Color, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and individual anthocyanins were analyzed. In general, all genotypes and cultivars are rich in phytochemicals. The genotypes PW1, PW2, PW5, BB3 and the cultivars Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax and Delite stand out. Thus, the blueberry genotypes in this study are considered as promising for the food industry and also for fresh consumption as commercial cultivars already consolidated in the fruit market, in view of the excellent phenolic composition present in these small fruits.
{"title":"Physicochemical characterization, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of genotypes and commercial cultivars of blueberry fruits","authors":"Amanda Radmann Bergmann, T. Siebeneichler, Lucas de Oliveira Fischer, Ígor Ratzmann Holz, C. Rombaldi, Bruna Andressa dos Santos Oliveira, D. L. D. O. Fischer, Catia Silveira da Silva, E. Helbig","doi":"10.1590/0103-8478cr20220450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220450","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The physicochemical characterization, antioxidant potential and phenolic composition of fruits of six genotypes (BB3, BB4, BB6, PW1, PW2 and PW5) and seven commercial cultivars (Bluebelle, Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax, Delite, Powderblue and Woodard) were carried out of blueberry, from the 2019/2020 production cycle. Color, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and individual anthocyanins were analyzed. In general, all genotypes and cultivars are rich in phytochemicals. The genotypes PW1, PW2, PW5, BB3 and the cultivars Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax and Delite stand out. Thus, the blueberry genotypes in this study are considered as promising for the food industry and also for fresh consumption as commercial cultivars already consolidated in the fruit market, in view of the excellent phenolic composition present in these small fruits.","PeriodicalId":10308,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Rural","volume":"31 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67640375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20220518
Osman Sedat Subaşı
ABSTRACT: In this study, the policy analysis matrix (PAM) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) approaches were used to assess lemon producers’ productivity in Mersin, Turkey, as well as the international competitiveness of lemon cultivation within the scope of its production plan. According to the findings, most enterprises are inefficient, and the profitability of lemons improved from 2863.5 USD ha-1 to 6606.0 USD ha-1 with special prices within the framework of profit-maximising production plans. Regarding social prices, an increment from 3500.8 USD ha-1 to 8071.5 USD ha-1 was proposed to create a more sustainable production plan. To retain competitiveness in the Turkish lemon trade, it has been established that enterprises should transition to a more efficient production structure. For this reason, it has been concluded that inefficiencies in using inputs should be eliminated, and the dissemination of technology and advanced applications will make producers more competitive.
{"title":"The policy analysis matrix with profit-efficient data: evaluating the profitability of lemon cultivation in Turkey","authors":"Osman Sedat Subaşı","doi":"10.1590/0103-8478cr20220518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220518","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In this study, the policy analysis matrix (PAM) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) approaches were used to assess lemon producers’ productivity in Mersin, Turkey, as well as the international competitiveness of lemon cultivation within the scope of its production plan. According to the findings, most enterprises are inefficient, and the profitability of lemons improved from 2863.5 USD ha-1 to 6606.0 USD ha-1 with special prices within the framework of profit-maximising production plans. Regarding social prices, an increment from 3500.8 USD ha-1 to 8071.5 USD ha-1 was proposed to create a more sustainable production plan. To retain competitiveness in the Turkish lemon trade, it has been established that enterprises should transition to a more efficient production structure. For this reason, it has been concluded that inefficiencies in using inputs should be eliminated, and the dissemination of technology and advanced applications will make producers more competitive.","PeriodicalId":10308,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Rural","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67642098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20220453
Rayne Baena, A. M. Bischoff, R. C. Zimmermann, Leticia Tamara Maleski, A. Benatto, Marcelo Teixeira Tavares, Joatan Machado Rosa
ABSTRACT: Strawberry is one of the most socially and economically important small fruits in Brazil, with strong demand by the food industry driving high levels of production. However, phytosanitary problems, especially insect damage, can hamper strawberry cultivation. A pest of great concern is the strawberry sap beetle, Lobiopa insularis (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), which damages the fruits. Chemical control has not been effective against L. insularis, as it makes harvesting and marketing the product unfeasible. Parasitoids have been effectively utilized to control various strawberry pests and support sustainable production. We report the occurrence of the wasp Cerchysiella insularis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) as a parasite of L. insularis on strawberries in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Samples of strawberries (San Andreas cultivar) attacked by L. insularis were collected from February to March, 2019. Lobiopa insularis larvae were individually placed in rearing pots, fed on San Andreas strawberries, and checked weekly for symptoms of parasitism or parasitoid emergence. Parasitism rates were 33.85% in March and 45.90% in February. The sex ratio varied between 0.88 and 0.86. All parasitized larvae were infested by C. insularis. The natural parasitism rate above 33% and high sex ratio of C. insularis in strawberry crops indicated that it may have the potential in the control of L. insularis.
摘要:在巴西，草莓是一种具有重要社会和经济意义的小水果，食品行业对草莓的强劲需求推动了草莓的高产量。然而，植物检疫问题，特别是虫害，可能会阻碍草莓的种植。草莓汁甲虫(Lobiopa insularis，鞘翅目:Nitidulidae)是危害草莓果实的主要害虫。化学防治对岛乳杆菌没有效果，因为它使产品的收获和销售不可行。拟寄生物已被有效地应用于草莓害虫的防治和可持续生产。报道了在巴西帕拉那省 o jos dos Pinhais地区的草莓上发现岛斑蜂(Cerchysiella insularis)(膜翅目:蜂科)。2019年2 - 3月采集了受岛蚜侵害的草莓(圣安德烈亚斯品种)样品。将岛叶Lobiopa insularis幼虫单独放置在饲养盆中，以圣安德烈亚斯草莓为食，并每周检查寄生症状或寄生蜂的出现。3月和2月寄生率分别为33.85%和45.90%。性别比在0.88到0.86之间。所有被寄生的幼虫均被岛蛾侵染。天然寄生率达33%以上，且在草莓作物中具有较高的性比，表明其具有防治小蠹的潜力。
{"title":"First record of Cerchysiella insularis (Howard, 1897) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing Lobiopa insularis (Castelnau, 1840) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) on strawberries","authors":"Rayne Baena, A. M. Bischoff, R. C. Zimmermann, Leticia Tamara Maleski, A. Benatto, Marcelo Teixeira Tavares, Joatan Machado Rosa","doi":"10.1590/0103-8478cr20220453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Strawberry is one of the most socially and economically important small fruits in Brazil, with strong demand by the food industry driving high levels of production. However, phytosanitary problems, especially insect damage, can hamper strawberry cultivation. A pest of great concern is the strawberry sap beetle, Lobiopa insularis (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), which damages the fruits. Chemical control has not been effective against L. insularis, as it makes harvesting and marketing the product unfeasible. Parasitoids have been effectively utilized to control various strawberry pests and support sustainable production. We report the occurrence of the wasp Cerchysiella insularis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) as a parasite of L. insularis on strawberries in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Samples of strawberries (San Andreas cultivar) attacked by L. insularis were collected from February to March, 2019. Lobiopa insularis larvae were individually placed in rearing pots, fed on San Andreas strawberries, and checked weekly for symptoms of parasitism or parasitoid emergence. Parasitism rates were 33.85% in March and 45.90% in February. The sex ratio varied between 0.88 and 0.86. All parasitized larvae were infested by C. insularis. The natural parasitism rate above 33% and high sex ratio of C. insularis in strawberry crops indicated that it may have the potential in the control of L. insularis.","PeriodicalId":10308,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Rural","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67640581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20220383
Mylla Christy da Silva Dufossé, Joelson Sousa Lima, Ana Paula Presley Oliveira Sampaio, Adrianne Maria Brito Pinheiro da Rosa, Josyane Brasil da Silva, C. M. Moraes, T. Roos
ABSTRACT: The present study identified virulence genes and pathological changes caused by Escherichia coli in chicken carcasses condemned for airsacculitis and assessed if the histopathological examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were effective for studies like this. Trachea, liver, and lung were collected from 30 chickens with suspected airsacculitis that has been condemned in the inspection line. The samples were analyzed by PCR to simultaneously identify two virulence genes (iss and tsh genes) and for histopathological testing. PCR efficiently genotypically characterize the E. coli isolates, where the virulence genes iss and tsh were found in three birds simultaneously. The histopathological examination detected a predominance of heterophils and mononuclear cells in the trachea (100%), lung (90%), and liver (13.3%). The liver was the organ where practically no alteration was diagnosed. The results of multiplex PCR for the tsh and iss virulence genes indicate the great potential of the approach in the characterization of E. coli isolates. Unspecific identification did not occur, thus making it necessary to use technologies for the identification and prevention of this agent in aviaries and poultry abattoirs.
{"title":"Molecular identification of pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence genes and histopathological analysis in chickens condemned for airsacculitis","authors":"Mylla Christy da Silva Dufossé, Joelson Sousa Lima, Ana Paula Presley Oliveira Sampaio, Adrianne Maria Brito Pinheiro da Rosa, Josyane Brasil da Silva, C. M. Moraes, T. Roos","doi":"10.1590/0103-8478cr20220383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220383","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The present study identified virulence genes and pathological changes caused by Escherichia coli in chicken carcasses condemned for airsacculitis and assessed if the histopathological examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were effective for studies like this. Trachea, liver, and lung were collected from 30 chickens with suspected airsacculitis that has been condemned in the inspection line. The samples were analyzed by PCR to simultaneously identify two virulence genes (iss and tsh genes) and for histopathological testing. PCR efficiently genotypically characterize the E. coli isolates, where the virulence genes iss and tsh were found in three birds simultaneously. The histopathological examination detected a predominance of heterophils and mononuclear cells in the trachea (100%), lung (90%), and liver (13.3%). The liver was the organ where practically no alteration was diagnosed. The results of multiplex PCR for the tsh and iss virulence genes indicate the great potential of the approach in the characterization of E. coli isolates. Unspecific identification did not occur, thus making it necessary to use technologies for the identification and prevention of this agent in aviaries and poultry abattoirs.","PeriodicalId":10308,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Rural","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67639998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：