N. Gray-Wannell, P. Cubillas, Z. Aslam, P. Holliman, H. C. Greenwell, R. Brydson, E. Delbos, L-J. Strachan, M. Fuller, S. Hillier
{"title":"Morphological features of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as revealed by various microscopies","authors":"N. Gray-Wannell, P. Cubillas, Z. Aslam, P. Holliman, H. C. Greenwell, R. Brydson, E. Delbos, L-J. Strachan, M. Fuller, S. Hillier","doi":"10.1180/clm.2023.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2023.37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10311,"journal":{"name":"Clay Minerals","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The retreat of the Dead Sea and the lowering of the base level in recent decades led to the exposure of the littoral clay sediments on the shore, the occurrence of exposed mudflats and the development of ground subsidence along strips ("subsidence strips") and clustered
{"title":"Characterization of the clayey sediments in the environment of exposed mudflats on the western Dead Sea shore","authors":"S. Shoval","doi":"10.1180/clm.2023.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2023.33","url":null,"abstract":"The retreat of the Dead Sea and the lowering of the base level in recent decades led to the exposure of the littoral clay sediments on the shore, the occurrence of exposed mudflats and the development of ground subsidence along strips (\"subsidence strips\") and clustered","PeriodicalId":10311,"journal":{"name":"Clay Minerals","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Li, Shuhua Zhang, Weijun Liu, Binyan Liu, Yu Wang
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
{"title":"Preparation of Phase-Change Microcapsules with Illite as Filler and Their Applications in Foaming Materials","authors":"Ming Li, Shuhua Zhang, Weijun Liu, Binyan Liu, Yu Wang","doi":"10.1180/clm.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":10311,"journal":{"name":"Clay Minerals","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
{"title":"The importance of Fe speciation on the humic acid stability of ternary Fe(III)-montmorillonite-humic acid systems","authors":"Qinkai Lei, Yahui Lv, Chengshuai Liu, Wenpo Xu, Shujie Hu, Manjia Chen, Hongling Bu","doi":"10.1180/clm.2023.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2023.30","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":10311,"journal":{"name":"Clay Minerals","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Zhang, Hongjuan Sun, Tongjiang Peng, Liming Luo, Li Zeng
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
{"title":"Differential dissolution of interlayer, octahedral, and tetrahedral cations of vermiculite in oxalic acid","authors":"Yu Zhang, Hongjuan Sun, Tongjiang Peng, Liming Luo, Li Zeng","doi":"10.1180/clm.2023.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2023.27","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":10311,"journal":{"name":"Clay Minerals","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiyu Lin, Daoyong Wu, Jiwei Jia, Jing Yan, Lingtong Cai
Abstract To investigate the influence of clay mineral microstructures on mechanical properties across varying hydration levels, this study employed molecular dynamics simulations to conduct uniaxial tensile strength tests in three orthogonal directions ( x , y , z ) using illite, montmorillonite and kaolinite. The moisture content was varied from 0% to 10% in 1% increments and from 0% to 50% in 10% increments. The observations highlight the role of water molecules in disrupting the inherent microscopic atomic structure of clay minerals, leading to diminished stability and a decline in tensile strength. As moisture content increased, there was a pronounced increase in the layer spacing of all three clay minerals, indicative of their hydration expansion behaviour. Concurrently, discernible reductions in both the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the clay minerals were observed.
{"title":"Changes in the basic structure and strength deterioration of clay minerals with different hydration degrees","authors":"Jiyu Lin, Daoyong Wu, Jiwei Jia, Jing Yan, Lingtong Cai","doi":"10.1180/clm.2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To investigate the influence of clay mineral microstructures on mechanical properties across varying hydration levels, this study employed molecular dynamics simulations to conduct uniaxial tensile strength tests in three orthogonal directions ( x , y , z ) using illite, montmorillonite and kaolinite. The moisture content was varied from 0% to 10% in 1% increments and from 0% to 50% in 10% increments. The observations highlight the role of water molecules in disrupting the inherent microscopic atomic structure of clay minerals, leading to diminished stability and a decline in tensile strength. As moisture content increased, there was a pronounced increase in the layer spacing of all three clay minerals, indicative of their hydration expansion behaviour. Concurrently, discernible reductions in both the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the clay minerals were observed.","PeriodicalId":10311,"journal":{"name":"Clay Minerals","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Typical unconventional gas/liquid plays of China were studied using field-emission/focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for clay mineralogy and microstructural development. The SEM microstructural investigations of clay-rich shale and mudstone reservoirs provided significant information about clay mineral type, size, distribution and aggregates, which allows for interpretations regarding porosity preservation and petrophysical variability. The major clay-hosted porosity types are interparticle clay pores, intraparticle clay pores and aggregate pores. Interparticle clay pores occur in open spaces of the clay aggregates and include four subtypes: (1) elongated pores, (2) packed pores, (3) jagged pores and (4) card-house pores. Intraparticle clay pores are present within clay particles and have mostly secondary origin. These pores are diagenesis dependent and are restricted to secondary illite particles during the transformation of clay minerals from smectite to illite. Intraparticle clay pores constitute only isolated porosity and could not contribute to hydrocarbon molecule storage and migration. Aggregate pores were predominantly encountered in association with organic–clay and pyrite–clay aggregates. In places, organic–pyrite–clay aggregates can also display polymerization, but they do not contribute significantly to overall porosity and permeability. Combining SEM morphological analyses with the software ImageJ is critical in clay microstructure and porosity analyses via semi-quantitative characterization of the 3D pore surface, 2D pore profile, pore quantity, pore size, areal porosity, etc . These visual and semi-quantitative results highlight the significance of jagged pores and pyrite–clay aggregate pores in shale gas/liquid reservoirs because they may be important facilitators of gas storage and transmission.
{"title":"Microstructural observations of clay-hosted pores in black shales: Implications for porosity preservation and petrophysical variability","authors":"Hongjian Zhu, Shuangjian Li, Zongquan Hu, Yiwen Ju, Yanyan Pan, Manping Yang, Yanjun Lu, Mingbo Wei, Weidong Qian","doi":"10.1180/clm.2023.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2023.28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Typical unconventional gas/liquid plays of China were studied using field-emission/focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for clay mineralogy and microstructural development. The SEM microstructural investigations of clay-rich shale and mudstone reservoirs provided significant information about clay mineral type, size, distribution and aggregates, which allows for interpretations regarding porosity preservation and petrophysical variability. The major clay-hosted porosity types are interparticle clay pores, intraparticle clay pores and aggregate pores. Interparticle clay pores occur in open spaces of the clay aggregates and include four subtypes: (1) elongated pores, (2) packed pores, (3) jagged pores and (4) card-house pores. Intraparticle clay pores are present within clay particles and have mostly secondary origin. These pores are diagenesis dependent and are restricted to secondary illite particles during the transformation of clay minerals from smectite to illite. Intraparticle clay pores constitute only isolated porosity and could not contribute to hydrocarbon molecule storage and migration. Aggregate pores were predominantly encountered in association with organic–clay and pyrite–clay aggregates. In places, organic–pyrite–clay aggregates can also display polymerization, but they do not contribute significantly to overall porosity and permeability. Combining SEM morphological analyses with the software ImageJ is critical in clay microstructure and porosity analyses via semi-quantitative characterization of the 3D pore surface, 2D pore profile, pore quantity, pore size, areal porosity, etc . These visual and semi-quantitative results highlight the significance of jagged pores and pyrite–clay aggregate pores in shale gas/liquid reservoirs because they may be important facilitators of gas storage and transmission.","PeriodicalId":10311,"journal":{"name":"Clay Minerals","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134947471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Bentonites are proposed to be used as buffers in high-level radioactive waste repositories. The elevated temperatures in repositories may, however, affect bentonites’ desired properties. For instance, heating under dry conditions can cause cation fixation, potentially affecting swelling properties. The kinetics of mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions will equally be influenced by temperature. Redistributions of Ca-sulphates and -carbonates have been observed, as well as illitization of smectite. Illitization, however, has only been observed in laboratory experiments at large solution/solid ratios, whereas it has not yet been unambiguously identified in large-scale experiments. In many large-scale tests, cation exchange is the first observable geochemical reaction. In addition, an enrichment of Mg close to the heater is found in many such tests. The thermal gradient and (incongruent) smectite dissolution are suspected to play a role with respect to the Mg enrichment, but the underlying mechanism has not been unravelled so far. To predict the long-term performance of a bentonite buffer, numerical modelling is required in order to be able to simulate the reactions of all accompanying mineral phases. Smectites, which dominate the bentonite composition, are therefore particularly difficult to characterise, as their dissolution is often observed to be non-stoichiometric. Various model approaches exist to simulate smectite reactions, mostly based on kinetic rate reactions, ideally considering the effect of pH (congruent or incongruent dissolution), temperature and the degree of saturation of the solution. Reassessing and improving the thermodynamic/kinetic data of smectites are prerequisites for improving long-term buffer performance assessment.
{"title":"Chemical and mineralogical reactions of bentonites in geotechnical barriers at elevated temperatures – review of experimental evidence and modelling progress","authors":"S. Kaufhold, R. Dohrmann, I. Wallis, Ch. Weber","doi":"10.1180/clm.2023.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2023.26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bentonites are proposed to be used as buffers in high-level radioactive waste repositories. The elevated temperatures in repositories may, however, affect bentonites’ desired properties. For instance, heating under dry conditions can cause cation fixation, potentially affecting swelling properties. The kinetics of mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions will equally be influenced by temperature. Redistributions of Ca-sulphates and -carbonates have been observed, as well as illitization of smectite. Illitization, however, has only been observed in laboratory experiments at large solution/solid ratios, whereas it has not yet been unambiguously identified in large-scale experiments. In many large-scale tests, cation exchange is the first observable geochemical reaction. In addition, an enrichment of Mg close to the heater is found in many such tests. The thermal gradient and (incongruent) smectite dissolution are suspected to play a role with respect to the Mg enrichment, but the underlying mechanism has not been unravelled so far. To predict the long-term performance of a bentonite buffer, numerical modelling is required in order to be able to simulate the reactions of all accompanying mineral phases. Smectites, which dominate the bentonite composition, are therefore particularly difficult to characterise, as their dissolution is often observed to be non-stoichiometric. Various model approaches exist to simulate smectite reactions, mostly based on kinetic rate reactions, ideally considering the effect of pH (congruent or incongruent dissolution), temperature and the degree of saturation of the solution. Reassessing and improving the thermodynamic/kinetic data of smectites are prerequisites for improving long-term buffer performance assessment.","PeriodicalId":10311,"journal":{"name":"Clay Minerals","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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