Heaven-I is a 100J high power KrF laser facility with six beams. The system is so huge and complex that manual adjustment is laborious and time-consuming. In order to ensure the accuracy of laser focusing and target physics experiments, the auto-collimation and monitoring systems were established for the pre-amplifier and six-beam focusing optical systems. The experimental results show that the auto-collimation systems have high positioning precision and fast time response. It greatly improve automation of optical adjustment for Heaven-I.
{"title":"Auto-collimation and monitoring of laser beam in high power electron-pumped KrF laser facility","authors":"Jing Li, Fengming Hu, Zhixing Gao, Zhao Wang, Baoxian Tian","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009688","url":null,"abstract":"Heaven-I is a 100J high power KrF laser facility with six beams. The system is so huge and complex that manual adjustment is laborious and time-consuming. In order to ensure the accuracy of laser focusing and target physics experiments, the auto-collimation and monitoring systems were established for the pre-amplifier and six-beam focusing optical systems. The experimental results show that the auto-collimation systems have high positioning precision and fast time response. It greatly improve automation of optical adjustment for Heaven-I.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121659901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009894
I. Lavrinovich, D. Molchanov, D. Rybka, S. Vagaytsev, A. Erfort, A. Artemov, A. Lensky, A. Zhigalin
Currently, active work is conducted on developing the element base for high-current generators. In this effort, a new type HCEIcsa 160-0.1 capacitor-switch assembly (CSA) has been designed and manufactured, and its test operation has identified the need for a new triggered gas switch as an element responsible for the operating voltage, pressure, and jitter of a CSA, and eventually for the output parameters of an LTD generator. The paper describes the design of a new switch for the HCEIcsa 160-0.1 capacitor-switch assembly and presents the results of its tests along with electric field calculations and experimental data on its switching characteristics, spark gap pressure, and discharge circuit parameters.
{"title":"Triggered Gas Switches for Use in Capacitor-Switch Assemblies for Ltd Technology","authors":"I. Lavrinovich, D. Molchanov, D. Rybka, S. Vagaytsev, A. Erfort, A. Artemov, A. Lensky, A. Zhigalin","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009894","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, active work is conducted on developing the element base for high-current generators. In this effort, a new type HCEIcsa 160-0.1 capacitor-switch assembly (CSA) has been designed and manufactured, and its test operation has identified the need for a new triggered gas switch as an element responsible for the operating voltage, pressure, and jitter of a CSA, and eventually for the output parameters of an LTD generator. The paper describes the design of a new switch for the HCEIcsa 160-0.1 capacitor-switch assembly and presents the results of its tests along with electric field calculations and experimental data on its switching characteristics, spark gap pressure, and discharge circuit parameters.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133120485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009759
C. Harjes, J. C. Pouncey, Lisa Fisher, J. Lehr, E. Savrun, J. Neely
In large machines, such as accelerators and high power microwave systems, it is common to implement pulsed power technology. Pulsed power attempts to deliver large amounts of power in a short amount of time. This is done by storing high voltage and delivering that energy to the desired load quickly through switches. To ensure that the energy is delivered to the desired load it is necessary to use insulators to separate conductors having different potentials. The insulators function is crucial in the success or failure of the system and because of this, much research has been done in the materials, geometries, and sizes of insulators. A common mean of failure for these insulators is surface flashover. Surface flashover occurs when the electric field becomes strong enough to accelerate electrons along the surface of the insulator to a point where an arc is created between conductors of different potentials. The machine is therefore limited to the amount of voltage it can sustain and the amount of power it can deliver. By making modifications to the insulator, improvements in sustained electric field has been documented. This paper attempts to further investigate the different methods used to increase the sustained electric field to improve the function of the system.
{"title":"Insulator Technologies to Achieve Maximum Electric Field Holdoff","authors":"C. Harjes, J. C. Pouncey, Lisa Fisher, J. Lehr, E. Savrun, J. Neely","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009759","url":null,"abstract":"In large machines, such as accelerators and high power microwave systems, it is common to implement pulsed power technology. Pulsed power attempts to deliver large amounts of power in a short amount of time. This is done by storing high voltage and delivering that energy to the desired load quickly through switches. To ensure that the energy is delivered to the desired load it is necessary to use insulators to separate conductors having different potentials. The insulators function is crucial in the success or failure of the system and because of this, much research has been done in the materials, geometries, and sizes of insulators. A common mean of failure for these insulators is surface flashover. Surface flashover occurs when the electric field becomes strong enough to accelerate electrons along the surface of the insulator to a point where an arc is created between conductors of different potentials. The machine is therefore limited to the amount of voltage it can sustain and the amount of power it can deliver. By making modifications to the insulator, improvements in sustained electric field has been documented. This paper attempts to further investigate the different methods used to increase the sustained electric field to improve the function of the system.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"67 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133602419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009612
H. Polat, D. Ceylan, O. Keysan
The utilization of external field windings in electromagnetic launchers provides an additional electromagnetic field between the rails of an electromagnetic launcher which increases the Lorentz force acting on the armature in the acceleration direction. However, additional magnetic field created by the conventional copper windings are very limited due to their low maximum current carrying capability. Therefore, using high temperature superconductors (HTS) with a current carrying capability up to 100 A/mm2 for the external coils can be used to increase the magnetic field density between rails. This paper presents an optimization study for the design of two external coils with rectangular tape YBCO superconducting wire. The HTS coils are proposed to increase the efficiency of a 3 meter long launcher with 25 mm x 20 mm rectangular bore caliber. The optimization parameters are selected as the magnitude of the DC coil current, the coil position, the number of turns of the coil, and the number of coil layers. Also, the objective function of the optimization is the electromagnetic force acting on the armature, which is dependent of the rail current and B field on the armature. During the operation of the launcher and the external coils, it is critical to prevent quenching of the HTS coils due to the perpendicular and tangential magnetic field on the coils, temperature and current density of the coils. In order to estimate the quench and calculate the objective function, finite element analysis (FEA) is used in 2D. Real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) is also used as optimization method. The results of the optimization study shows that HTS coil augmentation is feasible for small caliber railguns. The HTS coil position is limited by cryogenic chamber and rail containment dimensions. The maximum coil current is determined by the self field due to cancellation B field generated by the rails and the coils. For 500 kA rail current the force acting on the armature increases from 55 kN to 70 kN with and increase rate of 26%, a muzzle velocity increase from 1650 m/s to 1900 m/s with an increase rate of 12% and a muzzle energy increase from 160 kJ to 210 kJ with and increase rate of 25% when external HTS coil augmentation is used.
{"title":"Utilization and Optimization of Superconducting Coil Parameters in Electromagnetic Launcher Systems","authors":"H. Polat, D. Ceylan, O. Keysan","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009612","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of external field windings in electromagnetic launchers provides an additional electromagnetic field between the rails of an electromagnetic launcher which increases the Lorentz force acting on the armature in the acceleration direction. However, additional magnetic field created by the conventional copper windings are very limited due to their low maximum current carrying capability. Therefore, using high temperature superconductors (HTS) with a current carrying capability up to 100 A/mm2 for the external coils can be used to increase the magnetic field density between rails. This paper presents an optimization study for the design of two external coils with rectangular tape YBCO superconducting wire. The HTS coils are proposed to increase the efficiency of a 3 meter long launcher with 25 mm x 20 mm rectangular bore caliber. The optimization parameters are selected as the magnitude of the DC coil current, the coil position, the number of turns of the coil, and the number of coil layers. Also, the objective function of the optimization is the electromagnetic force acting on the armature, which is dependent of the rail current and B field on the armature. During the operation of the launcher and the external coils, it is critical to prevent quenching of the HTS coils due to the perpendicular and tangential magnetic field on the coils, temperature and current density of the coils. In order to estimate the quench and calculate the objective function, finite element analysis (FEA) is used in 2D. Real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) is also used as optimization method. The results of the optimization study shows that HTS coil augmentation is feasible for small caliber railguns. The HTS coil position is limited by cryogenic chamber and rail containment dimensions. The maximum coil current is determined by the self field due to cancellation B field generated by the rails and the coils. For 500 kA rail current the force acting on the armature increases from 55 kN to 70 kN with and increase rate of 26%, a muzzle velocity increase from 1650 m/s to 1900 m/s with an increase rate of 12% and a muzzle energy increase from 160 kJ to 210 kJ with and increase rate of 25% when external HTS coil augmentation is used.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"102 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131847909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009698
H. Porteanu, I. Stefanović, M. Klute, R. Brinkmann, P. Awakowicz, W. Heinrich
Plasma jets belong to the category remote plasma. This means that the discharge conditions and the chemical effect on samples can be tuned separately, this being a big advantage compared to standard low-pressure reactors. The inductive coupling brings the advantage of a pure and dense plasma. The microwave excitation allows furthermore miniaturization and generation of low temperature plasmas. The present paper shows the state of the art of the research on such sources, demonstrating their work up to atmospheric pressure.
{"title":"Inductively Coupled Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure, a Challenge for Miniature Devices","authors":"H. Porteanu, I. Stefanović, M. Klute, R. Brinkmann, P. Awakowicz, W. Heinrich","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009698","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma jets belong to the category remote plasma. This means that the discharge conditions and the chemical effect on samples can be tuned separately, this being a big advantage compared to standard low-pressure reactors. The inductive coupling brings the advantage of a pure and dense plasma. The microwave excitation allows furthermore miniaturization and generation of low temperature plasmas. The present paper shows the state of the art of the research on such sources, demonstrating their work up to atmospheric pressure.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117342503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009768
R. Saethre, B. Morris, V. Peplov
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory uses fourteen pulsed modulators in the extraction system to deflect the proton beam from the accumulation ring to the target. Each individual pulse modulator is a pulse-forming network (PFN) located in a service building external to the ring tunnel. SNS is in the planning and development phase of a proton power upgrade (PPU) to increase the beam energy from 1.0 to 1.3 GeV, and the extraction system is required to provide the same deflection at the higher beam energy. Increasing the magnet current, by charging the PFN to a higher voltage, by 20% will provide the required deflection. The existing capacitor charging power supply is incapable of charging the PFN to higher voltages between the 60 Hz pulses; therefore, a new resonant charging scheme has been developed to charge to the PPU higher voltage within the available time. This paper describes the resonant charging power supply design and presents test results from a prototype operating on a full system test stand.
{"title":"Pulsed Resonant Charging Power Supply for the Spallation Neutron Source Extraction Kicker PFN System","authors":"R. Saethre, B. Morris, V. Peplov","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009768","url":null,"abstract":"The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory uses fourteen pulsed modulators in the extraction system to deflect the proton beam from the accumulation ring to the target. Each individual pulse modulator is a pulse-forming network (PFN) located in a service building external to the ring tunnel. SNS is in the planning and development phase of a proton power upgrade (PPU) to increase the beam energy from 1.0 to 1.3 GeV, and the extraction system is required to provide the same deflection at the higher beam energy. Increasing the magnet current, by charging the PFN to a higher voltage, by 20% will provide the required deflection. The existing capacitor charging power supply is incapable of charging the PFN to higher voltages between the 60 Hz pulses; therefore, a new resonant charging scheme has been developed to charge to the PPU higher voltage within the available time. This paper describes the resonant charging power supply design and presents test results from a prototype operating on a full system test stand.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114574570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009870
G. Komarzyniec, H. Stryczewska, P. Krupski
Designing power supply systems for arc plasma reactors is a complex and multi-threaded problem. Proper plasma parameters are often determined not only by electrical parameters, but also by the structural and material parameters of the power supplies. Four different types of power supply systems designed to supply a plasma reactor with a gliding arc discharge were subjected to comparative analysis. The obtained characteristics of plasma reactor operation gave information about the differences in its operation and allowed to specify the parameters of power supply systems to which special attention should be paid when it is necessary to obtain plasma with strictly specified parameters.
{"title":"The Influence of the Architecture of the Power System on the Operational Parameters of the Glidarc Plasma Reactor","authors":"G. Komarzyniec, H. Stryczewska, P. Krupski","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009870","url":null,"abstract":"Designing power supply systems for arc plasma reactors is a complex and multi-threaded problem. Proper plasma parameters are often determined not only by electrical parameters, but also by the structural and material parameters of the power supplies. Four different types of power supply systems designed to supply a plasma reactor with a gliding arc discharge were subjected to comparative analysis. The obtained characteristics of plasma reactor operation gave information about the differences in its operation and allowed to specify the parameters of power supply systems to which special attention should be paid when it is necessary to obtain plasma with strictly specified parameters.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116845493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009741
K. Sampayan, S. Sampayan
The Optical Transconductance Varistor (OTV) represents a new class of photonically controlled, high-voltage power electronic device. It takes advantage of the bulk photonic properties of wide bandgap (WBG) materials, eliminating the traditional semiconductor control junction. Without drift region limitations, carrier excitation occurs on the order of picoseconds and in the bulk of the crystal; decay of the carriers is dependent on doping. Conductivity is therefore proportional to optical intensity so the device exhibits a transconductance-like property, in contrast to conventional photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS). The device is bidirectional and inherent optical isolation provides scalability in voltage and current capability. Recent testing demonstrated switching for bioelectric applications of kilovolt levels at 1 MHz repetition rate with a 10 ns rise time. A second device with a 50% duty cycle demonstrated operation at 20 kV and 2.5 A at over 125 kHz switching frequency. The OTV has use in pulsed power applications such as electroporation and accelerators and also in higher duty cycle cases such as power conversion for the electrical grid. Device background, present status and future development are set forth.
{"title":"Wide Bandgap Photoconductive Switches Driven by Laser Diodes as a High-Voltage Mosfet Replacement for Bioelectrics and Accelerator Applications","authors":"K. Sampayan, S. Sampayan","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009741","url":null,"abstract":"The Optical Transconductance Varistor (OTV) represents a new class of photonically controlled, high-voltage power electronic device. It takes advantage of the bulk photonic properties of wide bandgap (WBG) materials, eliminating the traditional semiconductor control junction. Without drift region limitations, carrier excitation occurs on the order of picoseconds and in the bulk of the crystal; decay of the carriers is dependent on doping. Conductivity is therefore proportional to optical intensity so the device exhibits a transconductance-like property, in contrast to conventional photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS). The device is bidirectional and inherent optical isolation provides scalability in voltage and current capability. Recent testing demonstrated switching for bioelectric applications of kilovolt levels at 1 MHz repetition rate with a 10 ns rise time. A second device with a 50% duty cycle demonstrated operation at 20 kV and 2.5 A at over 125 kHz switching frequency. The OTV has use in pulsed power applications such as electroporation and accelerators and also in higher duty cycle cases such as power conversion for the electrical grid. Device background, present status and future development are set forth.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115640228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009985
S. Simpson, R. Goeke, P. Miller, K. Coombes, K. DeZetter, O. Johns, J. Leckbee, D. Nielsen, M. Sceiford
Next generation pulsed power (NGPP) machines and accelerators require a better understanding of the materials used within the vacuum vessels to achieve lower base pressures (P << 10−5 Torr) and reduce the overall contaminant inventory while incorporating various dielectric materials which tend to be unfavorable for ultra-high vacuum (UHV) applications. By improving the baseline vacuum, it may be possible to delay the onset of impedance collapse, reduce current loss on multi-mega Amp devices, or improve the lifetime of thermionic cathodes, etc [3]. In this study, we examine the vacuum outgassing rate of Rexolite® (cross-linked polystyrene) and Kel-F® (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) as candidate materials for vacuum insulators [1]. These values are then incorporated into boundary conditions for molecular flow simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics® and used to predict the performance of a prototypical pulsed power system designed for 10−8 Torr operations.
{"title":"Vacuum Outgassing Study of Candidate Materials for Next Generation Pulsed Power and Accelerators: Improving the Boundary Conditions for Molecular Flow Simulations","authors":"S. Simpson, R. Goeke, P. Miller, K. Coombes, K. DeZetter, O. Johns, J. Leckbee, D. Nielsen, M. Sceiford","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009985","url":null,"abstract":"Next generation pulsed power (NGPP) machines and accelerators require a better understanding of the materials used within the vacuum vessels to achieve lower base pressures (P << 10−5 Torr) and reduce the overall contaminant inventory while incorporating various dielectric materials which tend to be unfavorable for ultra-high vacuum (UHV) applications. By improving the baseline vacuum, it may be possible to delay the onset of impedance collapse, reduce current loss on multi-mega Amp devices, or improve the lifetime of thermionic cathodes, etc [3]. In this study, we examine the vacuum outgassing rate of Rexolite® (cross-linked polystyrene) and Kel-F® (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) as candidate materials for vacuum insulators [1]. These values are then incorporated into boundary conditions for molecular flow simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics® and used to predict the performance of a prototypical pulsed power system designed for 10−8 Torr operations.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"49 3-4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116651062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009655
V. Senaj, D. Pastor, T. Kramer
The Large Hadron Collider is the world biggest and highest energy proton accelerator/collider. It is built on Switzerland/France border some 100 m underground. Its circumference is 27 km and it will accelerate up to 4×1014 protons per beam up to a peak energy of 7 TeV. Under these conditions, the energy of each beam will be more than 360 MJ. Safe dumping of the beam with such energy is crucial for the safety of the accelerator. The LHC beam dumping system consists of 30 extraction and 20 dilution generators and their associated magnets and delivers altogether more than 1 MA. Switching is performed by a stack of ten series connected GTO like thyristors. Stack triggering is ensured by a trigger transformer with eleven individual electrically insulated secondary's and a common primary coil driven by two power triggering modules.
{"title":"High Performance Triggering Transformer for Stack of Series Connected Thyristors","authors":"V. Senaj, D. Pastor, T. Kramer","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009655","url":null,"abstract":"The Large Hadron Collider is the world biggest and highest energy proton accelerator/collider. It is built on Switzerland/France border some 100 m underground. Its circumference is 27 km and it will accelerate up to 4×1014 protons per beam up to a peak energy of 7 TeV. Under these conditions, the energy of each beam will be more than 360 MJ. Safe dumping of the beam with such energy is crucial for the safety of the accelerator. The LHC beam dumping system consists of 30 extraction and 20 dilution generators and their associated magnets and delivers altogether more than 1 MA. Switching is performed by a stack of ten series connected GTO like thyristors. Stack triggering is ensured by a trigger transformer with eleven individual electrically insulated secondary's and a common primary coil driven by two power triggering modules.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121757012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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