Heaven-I is a 100J high power KrF laser facility with six beams. The system is so huge and complex that manual adjustment is laborious and time-consuming. In order to ensure the accuracy of laser focusing and target physics experiments, the auto-collimation and monitoring systems were established for the pre-amplifier and six-beam focusing optical systems. The experimental results show that the auto-collimation systems have high positioning precision and fast time response. It greatly improve automation of optical adjustment for Heaven-I.
{"title":"Auto-collimation and monitoring of laser beam in high power electron-pumped KrF laser facility","authors":"Jing Li, Fengming Hu, Zhixing Gao, Zhao Wang, Baoxian Tian","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009688","url":null,"abstract":"Heaven-I is a 100J high power KrF laser facility with six beams. The system is so huge and complex that manual adjustment is laborious and time-consuming. In order to ensure the accuracy of laser focusing and target physics experiments, the auto-collimation and monitoring systems were established for the pre-amplifier and six-beam focusing optical systems. The experimental results show that the auto-collimation systems have high positioning precision and fast time response. It greatly improve automation of optical adjustment for Heaven-I.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121659901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009894
I. Lavrinovich, D. Molchanov, D. Rybka, S. Vagaytsev, A. Erfort, A. Artemov, A. Lensky, A. Zhigalin
Currently, active work is conducted on developing the element base for high-current generators. In this effort, a new type HCEIcsa 160-0.1 capacitor-switch assembly (CSA) has been designed and manufactured, and its test operation has identified the need for a new triggered gas switch as an element responsible for the operating voltage, pressure, and jitter of a CSA, and eventually for the output parameters of an LTD generator. The paper describes the design of a new switch for the HCEIcsa 160-0.1 capacitor-switch assembly and presents the results of its tests along with electric field calculations and experimental data on its switching characteristics, spark gap pressure, and discharge circuit parameters.
{"title":"Triggered Gas Switches for Use in Capacitor-Switch Assemblies for Ltd Technology","authors":"I. Lavrinovich, D. Molchanov, D. Rybka, S. Vagaytsev, A. Erfort, A. Artemov, A. Lensky, A. Zhigalin","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009894","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, active work is conducted on developing the element base for high-current generators. In this effort, a new type HCEIcsa 160-0.1 capacitor-switch assembly (CSA) has been designed and manufactured, and its test operation has identified the need for a new triggered gas switch as an element responsible for the operating voltage, pressure, and jitter of a CSA, and eventually for the output parameters of an LTD generator. The paper describes the design of a new switch for the HCEIcsa 160-0.1 capacitor-switch assembly and presents the results of its tests along with electric field calculations and experimental data on its switching characteristics, spark gap pressure, and discharge circuit parameters.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133120485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009741
K. Sampayan, S. Sampayan
The Optical Transconductance Varistor (OTV) represents a new class of photonically controlled, high-voltage power electronic device. It takes advantage of the bulk photonic properties of wide bandgap (WBG) materials, eliminating the traditional semiconductor control junction. Without drift region limitations, carrier excitation occurs on the order of picoseconds and in the bulk of the crystal; decay of the carriers is dependent on doping. Conductivity is therefore proportional to optical intensity so the device exhibits a transconductance-like property, in contrast to conventional photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS). The device is bidirectional and inherent optical isolation provides scalability in voltage and current capability. Recent testing demonstrated switching for bioelectric applications of kilovolt levels at 1 MHz repetition rate with a 10 ns rise time. A second device with a 50% duty cycle demonstrated operation at 20 kV and 2.5 A at over 125 kHz switching frequency. The OTV has use in pulsed power applications such as electroporation and accelerators and also in higher duty cycle cases such as power conversion for the electrical grid. Device background, present status and future development are set forth.
{"title":"Wide Bandgap Photoconductive Switches Driven by Laser Diodes as a High-Voltage Mosfet Replacement for Bioelectrics and Accelerator Applications","authors":"K. Sampayan, S. Sampayan","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009741","url":null,"abstract":"The Optical Transconductance Varistor (OTV) represents a new class of photonically controlled, high-voltage power electronic device. It takes advantage of the bulk photonic properties of wide bandgap (WBG) materials, eliminating the traditional semiconductor control junction. Without drift region limitations, carrier excitation occurs on the order of picoseconds and in the bulk of the crystal; decay of the carriers is dependent on doping. Conductivity is therefore proportional to optical intensity so the device exhibits a transconductance-like property, in contrast to conventional photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS). The device is bidirectional and inherent optical isolation provides scalability in voltage and current capability. Recent testing demonstrated switching for bioelectric applications of kilovolt levels at 1 MHz repetition rate with a 10 ns rise time. A second device with a 50% duty cycle demonstrated operation at 20 kV and 2.5 A at over 125 kHz switching frequency. The OTV has use in pulsed power applications such as electroporation and accelerators and also in higher duty cycle cases such as power conversion for the electrical grid. Device background, present status and future development are set forth.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115640228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009768
R. Saethre, B. Morris, V. Peplov
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory uses fourteen pulsed modulators in the extraction system to deflect the proton beam from the accumulation ring to the target. Each individual pulse modulator is a pulse-forming network (PFN) located in a service building external to the ring tunnel. SNS is in the planning and development phase of a proton power upgrade (PPU) to increase the beam energy from 1.0 to 1.3 GeV, and the extraction system is required to provide the same deflection at the higher beam energy. Increasing the magnet current, by charging the PFN to a higher voltage, by 20% will provide the required deflection. The existing capacitor charging power supply is incapable of charging the PFN to higher voltages between the 60 Hz pulses; therefore, a new resonant charging scheme has been developed to charge to the PPU higher voltage within the available time. This paper describes the resonant charging power supply design and presents test results from a prototype operating on a full system test stand.
{"title":"Pulsed Resonant Charging Power Supply for the Spallation Neutron Source Extraction Kicker PFN System","authors":"R. Saethre, B. Morris, V. Peplov","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009768","url":null,"abstract":"The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory uses fourteen pulsed modulators in the extraction system to deflect the proton beam from the accumulation ring to the target. Each individual pulse modulator is a pulse-forming network (PFN) located in a service building external to the ring tunnel. SNS is in the planning and development phase of a proton power upgrade (PPU) to increase the beam energy from 1.0 to 1.3 GeV, and the extraction system is required to provide the same deflection at the higher beam energy. Increasing the magnet current, by charging the PFN to a higher voltage, by 20% will provide the required deflection. The existing capacitor charging power supply is incapable of charging the PFN to higher voltages between the 60 Hz pulses; therefore, a new resonant charging scheme has been developed to charge to the PPU higher voltage within the available time. This paper describes the resonant charging power supply design and presents test results from a prototype operating on a full system test stand.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114574570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009655
V. Senaj, D. Pastor, T. Kramer
The Large Hadron Collider is the world biggest and highest energy proton accelerator/collider. It is built on Switzerland/France border some 100 m underground. Its circumference is 27 km and it will accelerate up to 4×1014 protons per beam up to a peak energy of 7 TeV. Under these conditions, the energy of each beam will be more than 360 MJ. Safe dumping of the beam with such energy is crucial for the safety of the accelerator. The LHC beam dumping system consists of 30 extraction and 20 dilution generators and their associated magnets and delivers altogether more than 1 MA. Switching is performed by a stack of ten series connected GTO like thyristors. Stack triggering is ensured by a trigger transformer with eleven individual electrically insulated secondary's and a common primary coil driven by two power triggering modules.
{"title":"High Performance Triggering Transformer for Stack of Series Connected Thyristors","authors":"V. Senaj, D. Pastor, T. Kramer","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009655","url":null,"abstract":"The Large Hadron Collider is the world biggest and highest energy proton accelerator/collider. It is built on Switzerland/France border some 100 m underground. Its circumference is 27 km and it will accelerate up to 4×1014 protons per beam up to a peak energy of 7 TeV. Under these conditions, the energy of each beam will be more than 360 MJ. Safe dumping of the beam with such energy is crucial for the safety of the accelerator. The LHC beam dumping system consists of 30 extraction and 20 dilution generators and their associated magnets and delivers altogether more than 1 MA. Switching is performed by a stack of ten series connected GTO like thyristors. Stack triggering is ensured by a trigger transformer with eleven individual electrically insulated secondary's and a common primary coil driven by two power triggering modules.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121757012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009871
J. Smith, T. Romero, H. Truong, M. Garcia, E. Ormond, M. Parrales, P. Flores, K. Hogge, S. Huber, M. Misch, J. Pérez
The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility includes two identical radiographic sources - Cygnus 1 and Cygnus 2. Cygnus is the radiography source used in Subcritical Experiments (SCEs) at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). The machine specifications are: Electric 2.25 MV, 60 kA, 60 ns; Radiation 4 Rad, 1 mm, 50 ns; Operation single shot, 2-shots/day. Cygnus has operated at the NNSS since February 2004. In this period, it has participated on seven SCE projects - Armando, Bacchus, Barolo A, Barolo B, Pollux, Vega, and Ediza. SCE projects typically require over a hundred preparatory shots culminating in a single high-fidelity or SCE shot, and typically take over a year for completion. Therefore, SCE shots are high risk and high value making reliability and reproducibility utmost priority. In this regard, major effort is focused on operational performance. A quantitative performance measurement is valuable for tracking and maintaining Cygnus preparedness. In this work, we present a new model for analysis of Cygnus performance. This model uses x-ray dose distribution as the basis for calculation of Reliability, Record, and Reproducibility. It will be applied both to long-term (historical) and short-term (readiness) periods for each of the seven SCEs.
天鹅座双光束射线照相设备包括两个相同的射线照相源-天鹅座1和天鹅座2。天鹅座是内华达州国家安全基地(NNSS)亚临界实验(SCEs)中使用的射线照相源。整机规格为:电动2.25 MV、60 kA、60 ns;辐射4 Rad, 1 mm, 50 ns;操作单针，2针/天。天鹅座从2004年2月开始在NNSS运行。在此期间，它参与了七个SCE项目- Armando, Bacchus, Barolo A, Barolo B，污染性，Vega和Ediza。SCE项目通常需要超过100个准备镜头，最终以一个高保真或SCE镜头结束，通常需要一年多的时间才能完成。因此，SCE拍摄是高风险和高价值的，可靠性和可重复性是最重要的。在这方面，主要的努力集中在业务绩效上。定量的性能测量对于跟踪和维护Cygnus准备是有价值的。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个新的模型来分析Cygnus的性能。该模型使用x射线剂量分布作为可靠性、记录性和再现性计算的基础。它将同时适用于七间经济合作中心的长期(历史)和短期(准备就绪)期间。
{"title":"Cygnus Performance on Seven Subcritical Experiments","authors":"J. Smith, T. Romero, H. Truong, M. Garcia, E. Ormond, M. Parrales, P. Flores, K. Hogge, S. Huber, M. Misch, J. Pérez","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009871","url":null,"abstract":"The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility includes two identical radiographic sources - Cygnus 1 and Cygnus 2. Cygnus is the radiography source used in Subcritical Experiments (SCEs) at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). The machine specifications are: Electric 2.25 MV, 60 kA, 60 ns; Radiation 4 Rad, 1 mm, 50 ns; Operation single shot, 2-shots/day. Cygnus has operated at the NNSS since February 2004. In this period, it has participated on seven SCE projects - Armando, Bacchus, Barolo A, Barolo B, Pollux, Vega, and Ediza. SCE projects typically require over a hundred preparatory shots culminating in a single high-fidelity or SCE shot, and typically take over a year for completion. Therefore, SCE shots are high risk and high value making reliability and reproducibility utmost priority. In this regard, major effort is focused on operational performance. A quantitative performance measurement is valuable for tracking and maintaining Cygnus preparedness. In this work, we present a new model for analysis of Cygnus performance. This model uses x-ray dose distribution as the basis for calculation of Reliability, Record, and Reproducibility. It will be applied both to long-term (historical) and short-term (readiness) periods for each of the seven SCEs.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122765373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009939
M. Abide, T. Buntin, D. Barnett, J. Dickens, R. Joshi, A. Neuber, J. Mankowski
The development of a low-impedance magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) driven by a compact Marx generator developed by Texas Tech University is discussed. The goals of the project aim to develop a MILO operating within the S-Band that can provide an RF peak output power of greater than 1 GW with greater than 10% efficiency. The device design followed a set of base design equations that were applied to a CST Studio Suite (CST) for a Particle-in-Cell, PIC, simulation to model the MILO. These simulation results then inform changes to the model to optimize the prospective performance of the device. The simulations were developed to account for realistic material properties that were then applied to critical surfaces of the device. Additionally, a circuit simulation was included to model a Marx generator feeding the input of the MILO to simulate the eventual experimental setup. Current results verify an expected RF peak power of approximately 4.5 GW at 2.5 GHz operating in the TM01 mode when excited with an input signal that has a peak voltage of 600 kV while providing a peak current of 58 kA. The simulation confirms the design should perform within these constraints.
讨论了由美国德州理工大学研制的紧凑型马克思发生器驱动的低阻抗磁绝缘传输线振荡器的研制。该项目的目标是开发一个在s波段内运行的MILO，可以提供大于1gw的射频峰值输出功率，效率高于10%。该器件设计遵循一组基本设计方程，并应用于CST Studio Suite (CST)，用于颗粒单元(PIC)模拟，以模拟MILO。这些模拟结果然后通知模型的变化，以优化设备的预期性能。模拟的发展是为了考虑现实的材料特性，然后应用到设备的关键表面。此外，还包括一个电路仿真来模拟马克思发生器馈送的输入，以模拟最终的实验设置。电流结果验证了在TM01模式下，当输入信号的峰值电压为600 kV，峰值电流为58 kA时，在2.5 GHz下工作的预期射频峰值功率约为4.5 GW。仿真证实了设计应该在这些约束条件下执行。
{"title":"Low-Impedance S-Band MILO","authors":"M. Abide, T. Buntin, D. Barnett, J. Dickens, R. Joshi, A. Neuber, J. Mankowski","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009939","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a low-impedance magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) driven by a compact Marx generator developed by Texas Tech University is discussed. The goals of the project aim to develop a MILO operating within the S-Band that can provide an RF peak output power of greater than 1 GW with greater than 10% efficiency. The device design followed a set of base design equations that were applied to a CST Studio Suite (CST) for a Particle-in-Cell, PIC, simulation to model the MILO. These simulation results then inform changes to the model to optimize the prospective performance of the device. The simulations were developed to account for realistic material properties that were then applied to critical surfaces of the device. Additionally, a circuit simulation was included to model a Marx generator feeding the input of the MILO to simulate the eventual experimental setup. Current results verify an expected RF peak power of approximately 4.5 GW at 2.5 GHz operating in the TM01 mode when excited with an input signal that has a peak voltage of 600 kV while providing a peak current of 58 kA. The simulation confirms the design should perform within these constraints.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126145391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009944
J. Mayes, C. Hatfield, J. Byman, D. Kohlenberg, P. Flores
Applied Physical Electronics, L.C. (APELC) has designed, built, and characterized a large Marx generator capable of a maximum erected voltage of 4 MV and a maximum pulse energy of 14.5 kJ. The generator is charged using a dual polarity charging topology, which helps reduce the source impedance to approximately 70 Ohms. When driving a matched resistive load, a peak power of 230 GW is delivered, with an approximate rise time of 100 ns and a pulse width of approximately 300 ns. The generator is uniquely designed to be generally insulated with transformer oil, but switched in a dry air medium. The 42 spark gap switches are uniquely grouped in sets of six, bringing in the advantages of UV coupling, and gap pre-ionization, to better switching performance.
{"title":"Design and Performance of a 4 mv, 14 kj Marx Generator","authors":"J. Mayes, C. Hatfield, J. Byman, D. Kohlenberg, P. Flores","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009944","url":null,"abstract":"Applied Physical Electronics, L.C. (APELC) has designed, built, and characterized a large Marx generator capable of a maximum erected voltage of 4 MV and a maximum pulse energy of 14.5 kJ. The generator is charged using a dual polarity charging topology, which helps reduce the source impedance to approximately 70 Ohms. When driving a matched resistive load, a peak power of 230 GW is delivered, with an approximate rise time of 100 ns and a pulse width of approximately 300 ns. The generator is uniquely designed to be generally insulated with transformer oil, but switched in a dry air medium. The 42 spark gap switches are uniquely grouped in sets of six, bringing in the advantages of UV coupling, and gap pre-ionization, to better switching performance.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129220546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009727
S. Dickerson, R. Curry, L. Brown, S. Mounter, A. Maddy, J. T. Camp
The Center for Physical and Power Electronics has developed a nanodielectric material (MU100) to reduce the size of ultra-high voltage (UHV) pulsed power capacitors. In the discharge regime of interest, the dielectric constant of the material is 200. The UHV dielectric, 3.4 cm diameter, 2 cm thick substrates with voltage ratings on the order of 260 kV, were assembled into a series stack of 4 each using a eutectic solder. Nine of these encapsulated capacitors were paralleled in a modular 130 pF capacitor assembly, and physically tested for operational capability. Results of the development and testing demonstrated two full-scale devices capable of withstanding over 104, 500 kV pulses with 55% voltage reversal, showing no signs of degradation; exceeding all pre-specified performance specifications. The test capacitor was part of a peaking circuit placed at the output of a 15 stage compact Marx bank to achieve the voltage amplitudes and reversals to meet the performance specifications. The capacitor was subjected to continuous 2-second bursts of 100 Hz repetition rate pulses with 10 seconds between bursts, which was required for the thermal management of the Marx bank. The submodules demonstrated a thermal rise of less than three degrees centigrade during continuous operation over a 15 minute test period. Further testing of the capacitor sub-modules demonstrated reliable performance under pulses of greater than 1 MV at a lifetime of 103 pulses. The smaller capacitance of the submodules allowed for voltage doubling across the test capacitor when connected to the 15 stage Marx bank through a charging inductor. The capacitor submodule was subjected to 2-second bursts of 100 Hz repetition rate pulses with 6 seconds between bursts. The results of the ultra-high voltage capacitor tests are discussed as well as the impact of the technology for compact pulsed power applications.
{"title":"Advanced Ultra-High Voltage NanoDielectric Capacitor Development, Fabrication, and Testing","authors":"S. Dickerson, R. Curry, L. Brown, S. Mounter, A. Maddy, J. T. Camp","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009727","url":null,"abstract":"The Center for Physical and Power Electronics has developed a nanodielectric material (MU100) to reduce the size of ultra-high voltage (UHV) pulsed power capacitors. In the discharge regime of interest, the dielectric constant of the material is 200. The UHV dielectric, 3.4 cm diameter, 2 cm thick substrates with voltage ratings on the order of 260 kV, were assembled into a series stack of 4 each using a eutectic solder. Nine of these encapsulated capacitors were paralleled in a modular 130 pF capacitor assembly, and physically tested for operational capability. Results of the development and testing demonstrated two full-scale devices capable of withstanding over 104, 500 kV pulses with 55% voltage reversal, showing no signs of degradation; exceeding all pre-specified performance specifications. The test capacitor was part of a peaking circuit placed at the output of a 15 stage compact Marx bank to achieve the voltage amplitudes and reversals to meet the performance specifications. The capacitor was subjected to continuous 2-second bursts of 100 Hz repetition rate pulses with 10 seconds between bursts, which was required for the thermal management of the Marx bank. The submodules demonstrated a thermal rise of less than three degrees centigrade during continuous operation over a 15 minute test period. Further testing of the capacitor sub-modules demonstrated reliable performance under pulses of greater than 1 MV at a lifetime of 103 pulses. The smaller capacitance of the submodules allowed for voltage doubling across the test capacitor when connected to the 15 stage Marx bank through a charging inductor. The capacitor submodule was subjected to 2-second bursts of 100 Hz repetition rate pulses with 6 seconds between bursts. The results of the ultra-high voltage capacitor tests are discussed as well as the impact of the technology for compact pulsed power applications.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128387412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009774
K. Suenaga, Ayumu Hyodo, Y. Kawamura, Douyan Wang, T. Namihira
The nonthermal plasma has a high chemical reactivity and a characteristic that the temperature of the ion and the neutral particle are relatively low as from room temperature to several hundreds of degrees. Utilizing these features, we are developing applications in the environmental field such as ozone generation, exhaust gas treatment, air cleaning, etc. In recent years, researches directed toward application to medical fields such as sterilization, dental treatment, wound care are actively conducted. Nanoparticles have received much attention in recent years due to its remarkable properties, which offer important economic benefits and have been used in diverse application. However, their property gradually decays because of aggregation, which means that adhesion between nanoparticles. To maintain high performance of nanoparticles in liquid requires a technique which maintains dispersion. Examples of conventional dispersion techniques include a bead mill, an ultrasonic homogenizer, a dispersant, and so on. Due to the disadvantages of conventional dispersion technologies, research on new dispersion technology has been conducted to solve these problems. In this study, we show the experimental result that aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion which charged positively was suppressed by irradiating nonthermal plasma. We used nanoparticles of ZrO2 and ZnO, ZrO2 is positively charged in aqueous solution, whereas ZnO is negatively charged in aqueous solution. We compared with dispersion lifetime of two metal oxide nanoparticle dispersions that were irradiated with plasma. The result was ZrO2 dispersion could extend the lifetime, but not ZnO dispersion. These results suggest that OH radical affects the surface hydroxyl group to change the charged state.
{"title":"Aggregation Inhibition of Nanoparticle Dispersion by Nonthermal Plasma Irradiation","authors":"K. Suenaga, Ayumu Hyodo, Y. Kawamura, Douyan Wang, T. Namihira","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009774","url":null,"abstract":"The nonthermal plasma has a high chemical reactivity and a characteristic that the temperature of the ion and the neutral particle are relatively low as from room temperature to several hundreds of degrees. Utilizing these features, we are developing applications in the environmental field such as ozone generation, exhaust gas treatment, air cleaning, etc. In recent years, researches directed toward application to medical fields such as sterilization, dental treatment, wound care are actively conducted. Nanoparticles have received much attention in recent years due to its remarkable properties, which offer important economic benefits and have been used in diverse application. However, their property gradually decays because of aggregation, which means that adhesion between nanoparticles. To maintain high performance of nanoparticles in liquid requires a technique which maintains dispersion. Examples of conventional dispersion techniques include a bead mill, an ultrasonic homogenizer, a dispersant, and so on. Due to the disadvantages of conventional dispersion technologies, research on new dispersion technology has been conducted to solve these problems. In this study, we show the experimental result that aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion which charged positively was suppressed by irradiating nonthermal plasma. We used nanoparticles of ZrO2 and ZnO, ZrO2 is positively charged in aqueous solution, whereas ZnO is negatively charged in aqueous solution. We compared with dispersion lifetime of two metal oxide nanoparticle dispersions that were irradiated with plasma. The result was ZrO2 dispersion could extend the lifetime, but not ZnO dispersion. These results suggest that OH radical affects the surface hydroxyl group to change the charged state.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127258894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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