Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009945
M. Kühn, J. Schein
A vacuum arc thruster is a compact solid propellant propulsion system, which is capable to produce thrust in uN range. It is particularly interesting for very small satellites with a limited space and mass budget. While vacuum arc thrusters are studied by many research groups worldwide no system has been practically tested for an extended period of time on a satellite in space so far. For a space ready vacuum arc thruster system among other requirements a suitable power supply is necessary. It should allow a stable and long-term operation of the thruster under conditions which prevail on a solar cell powered satellite. Since only a limited power budget of a few Watts is available in this case, the thruster has to be operated in a pulsed mode. In this work we present a pulsed forming network-based power supply, which was adapted to suit the needs of the vacuum arc thruster applications under space condition. It features a design suitable for operation over many millions of pulses as well as an adjustable pulse length which allows to operate the thruster in different modes. Moreover, this design is compared to other power supplies suggested for the vacuum arc thruster.
{"title":"Pulsed power supply design for vacuum arc thrusters application","authors":"M. Kühn, J. Schein","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009945","url":null,"abstract":"A vacuum arc thruster is a compact solid propellant propulsion system, which is capable to produce thrust in uN range. It is particularly interesting for very small satellites with a limited space and mass budget. While vacuum arc thrusters are studied by many research groups worldwide no system has been practically tested for an extended period of time on a satellite in space so far. For a space ready vacuum arc thruster system among other requirements a suitable power supply is necessary. It should allow a stable and long-term operation of the thruster under conditions which prevail on a solar cell powered satellite. Since only a limited power budget of a few Watts is available in this case, the thruster has to be operated in a pulsed mode. In this work we present a pulsed forming network-based power supply, which was adapted to suit the needs of the vacuum arc thruster applications under space condition. It features a design suitable for operation over many millions of pulses as well as an adjustable pulse length which allows to operate the thruster in different modes. Moreover, this design is compared to other power supplies suggested for the vacuum arc thruster.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"4 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128351667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009682
S. Enomoto, Y. Yamamoto, D. Konishi, M. Futawaka, Y. Kusuhashi, K. Teranishi, Y. Uto, N. Shimomura
In recently years, malignant neoplasm (cancer) occupies the extremely high percentage of cause of death, there are disadvantages to current cancer therapy. It has been confirmed nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) application induced apoptosis on cancer cells; many studies applying it to a cancer therapy have been started. We applied nsPEFs to mouse melanoma cells: B16-F10 in a cuvette. In addition, we combine nsPEFs application and anticancer drug (Adriamycin) administration, and cancer surviving fraction was measured by Crystal Violet Assay. The nsPEFs application or anticancer drug (Adriamycin) administration significantly decreased the cell surviving fraction. The cell survival fraction by combinational treatment of nsPEFs application and Adriamycin administration was significantly smaller than the unilateral treatment. Apoptosis ratio was higher in the combinational treatment. NsPEFs application might make nanoscale holes in the cell membrane, and the anticancer drug could work more effective.
{"title":"Effects of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields Application and Combination of Anticancer Drug on Cancer Cell","authors":"S. Enomoto, Y. Yamamoto, D. Konishi, M. Futawaka, Y. Kusuhashi, K. Teranishi, Y. Uto, N. Shimomura","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009682","url":null,"abstract":"In recently years, malignant neoplasm (cancer) occupies the extremely high percentage of cause of death, there are disadvantages to current cancer therapy. It has been confirmed nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) application induced apoptosis on cancer cells; many studies applying it to a cancer therapy have been started. We applied nsPEFs to mouse melanoma cells: B16-F10 in a cuvette. In addition, we combine nsPEFs application and anticancer drug (Adriamycin) administration, and cancer surviving fraction was measured by Crystal Violet Assay. The nsPEFs application or anticancer drug (Adriamycin) administration significantly decreased the cell surviving fraction. The cell survival fraction by combinational treatment of nsPEFs application and Adriamycin administration was significantly smaller than the unilateral treatment. Apoptosis ratio was higher in the combinational treatment. NsPEFs application might make nanoscale holes in the cell membrane, and the anticancer drug could work more effective.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130814026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009949
D. Kaushik, M. J. Thomas
Electromagnetic Manufacturing (EMMa) is one of the newer manufacturing techniques which is gaining popularity. It uses an intense transient magnetic field generated by a pulsed power source to apply a transient force on the work piece and deform it without any direct mechanical contact. For an optimal choice of the pulsed power parameters for EMMa, an understanding of the electromagnetic, mechanical, material and thermal phenomena associated with this type of manufacturing is imperative. A good understanding of the coupled effects of electromagnetic and mechanical forces and how they affect the material and thermal properties of the material is required to estimate the deformation taking place on the work piece. It requires numerical modelling of the forming process and applying suitable numerical models to predict the relevant physical phenomenon. EMMa system uses a coil to apply the required electromagnetic force on the work piece during the discharge of a capacitor bank. The coil design influences the distribution of the electromagnetic forces both on the work-piece as well as the coil. The pulsed current flowing through the coil also results in significant amount of heat being generated in the coil. The challenging feature of the numerical modelling of the deformation process and its effect on the coil is solving a highly coupled system of partial differential equations. Therefore, in the present work, a numerical technique has been developed to model the EMMa process and to simulate the transient effects of the pulsed magnetic field on the work-piece and coil. Specific attention is given to the study of important process parameters, and effect of their mutual interaction.
{"title":"A Computational Study of Pulse Power Source Based Electromagnetic Manufacturing Process","authors":"D. Kaushik, M. J. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009949","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic Manufacturing (EMMa) is one of the newer manufacturing techniques which is gaining popularity. It uses an intense transient magnetic field generated by a pulsed power source to apply a transient force on the work piece and deform it without any direct mechanical contact. For an optimal choice of the pulsed power parameters for EMMa, an understanding of the electromagnetic, mechanical, material and thermal phenomena associated with this type of manufacturing is imperative. A good understanding of the coupled effects of electromagnetic and mechanical forces and how they affect the material and thermal properties of the material is required to estimate the deformation taking place on the work piece. It requires numerical modelling of the forming process and applying suitable numerical models to predict the relevant physical phenomenon. EMMa system uses a coil to apply the required electromagnetic force on the work piece during the discharge of a capacitor bank. The coil design influences the distribution of the electromagnetic forces both on the work-piece as well as the coil. The pulsed current flowing through the coil also results in significant amount of heat being generated in the coil. The challenging feature of the numerical modelling of the deformation process and its effect on the coil is solving a highly coupled system of partial differential equations. Therefore, in the present work, a numerical technique has been developed to model the EMMa process and to simulate the transient effects of the pulsed magnetic field on the work-piece and coil. Specific attention is given to the study of important process parameters, and effect of their mutual interaction.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132726086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009989
K. Fujiwara, F. Tamura, A. Tokuchi, K. Takahashi, T. Sasaki, T. Kikuchi
A linear Rogowski coil, which was proposed as an electric current probe, was numerically analyzed in this study. In the measurement of the high-frequency pulsed current using the linear Rogowski coil, the reflection was observed. We confirmed the relationship between the reflection and the terminal resistance of the linear Rogowski coil by numerical analysis using a circuit simulator.
{"title":"Design and Analysis on Coil Parameter of Linear Rogowski Coil for Measurement of High Frequency Pulsed Current","authors":"K. Fujiwara, F. Tamura, A. Tokuchi, K. Takahashi, T. Sasaki, T. Kikuchi","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009989","url":null,"abstract":"A linear Rogowski coil, which was proposed as an electric current probe, was numerically analyzed in this study. In the measurement of the high-frequency pulsed current using the linear Rogowski coil, the reflection was observed. We confirmed the relationship between the reflection and the terminal resistance of the linear Rogowski coil by numerical analysis using a circuit simulator.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"583 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132539961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ppps34859.2019.9009757
A. Kulkarni, M. J. Thomas
A movable conducting projectile is placed inside a coil, which is energized by an electrical source to generate a current which is of pulsed nature.
一个可移动的导电弹丸被放置在一个线圈内，由一个电源给线圈通电，产生脉冲性质的电流。
{"title":"Design of a pulsed alternator to drive a single-stage induction coilgun","authors":"A. Kulkarni, M. J. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/ppps34859.2019.9009757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ppps34859.2019.9009757","url":null,"abstract":"A movable conducting projectile is placed inside a coil, which is energized by an electrical source to generate a current which is of pulsed nature.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116196069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009722
J. Mayes, S. Del Rosario, M. Lara, C. Hatfield, W. Nunnally, J. Byman, E. Perry, D. Kohlenberg, P. Flores, T. Henke
Applied Physical Electronics, L.C. (APELC) has built a moderate scaled test system to meet MIL STD 461, under the RS-105 test configuration. The system is designed to test objects of up to 2 m x 2 m x 2m, with peak electric fields of up to 60 kV/m. This system uniquely uses a coaxial Marx generator, coupled with a planar peaking circuit to produce the MIL STD waveform, which is characterized by a 1.8–2.8 ns rise time, and a pulse width of approximately 23 ns. This paper will describe the pulsed power source, as well as the nuances of driving a guided wave structure.
{"title":"Design and Performance of a 2m EUT MIL STD 461(RS-105) Test System","authors":"J. Mayes, S. Del Rosario, M. Lara, C. Hatfield, W. Nunnally, J. Byman, E. Perry, D. Kohlenberg, P. Flores, T. Henke","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009722","url":null,"abstract":"Applied Physical Electronics, L.C. (APELC) has built a moderate scaled test system to meet MIL STD 461, under the RS-105 test configuration. The system is designed to test objects of up to 2 m x 2 m x 2m, with peak electric fields of up to 60 kV/m. This system uniquely uses a coaxial Marx generator, coupled with a planar peaking circuit to produce the MIL STD waveform, which is characterized by a 1.8–2.8 ns rise time, and a pulse width of approximately 23 ns. This paper will describe the pulsed power source, as well as the nuances of driving a guided wave structure.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132250560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009971
F. Salcedo, J. Forbes, S. Bayne, R. Singh
With the prospect of WBG (wide-bandgap) devices such as SiC (silicon carbide) taking the forefront to replace Si (silicon) in commercial applications, analysis must be done on surge current and avalanche energy reliability to verify the viability of replacing Si with SiC in terms of long-term reliability. Power converters and inverters are often exposed to these events due to a load short circuit or transients before reaching steady-state. It is common for power semiconductor devices such as power MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) or diodes to experience a short duration of overcurrent or overvoltage in these power switching applications. The surge current can potentially damage devices if not properly rated. Extended duration of overvoltage leads to avalanche breakdown, ending in catastrophic failure of the device. This paper investigates the surge current and avalanche breakdown capabilities of commercial SiC MPS diodes rated for 1.2 kV reverse voltage and 20 A continuous forward current. The diodes are rated for 164 A of non-repetitive surge current and 220 mJ of total avalanche energy in the dual anode shared cathode configuration. A testbed is designed and developed to test the reliability of commercial WBG diodes in surge and avalanche events. Each device is initially characterized, exposed to testing conditions, and then characterized again to monitor signs of degradation. Analysis of the data collected during and after testing was conducted to determine the reliability in commercial applications.
{"title":"Investigation into the Reliability of Commercial 1.2-kV SiC MPS Diodes under Surge Current and Avalanche Events","authors":"F. Salcedo, J. Forbes, S. Bayne, R. Singh","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009971","url":null,"abstract":"With the prospect of WBG (wide-bandgap) devices such as SiC (silicon carbide) taking the forefront to replace Si (silicon) in commercial applications, analysis must be done on surge current and avalanche energy reliability to verify the viability of replacing Si with SiC in terms of long-term reliability. Power converters and inverters are often exposed to these events due to a load short circuit or transients before reaching steady-state. It is common for power semiconductor devices such as power MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) or diodes to experience a short duration of overcurrent or overvoltage in these power switching applications. The surge current can potentially damage devices if not properly rated. Extended duration of overvoltage leads to avalanche breakdown, ending in catastrophic failure of the device. This paper investigates the surge current and avalanche breakdown capabilities of commercial SiC MPS diodes rated for 1.2 kV reverse voltage and 20 A continuous forward current. The diodes are rated for 164 A of non-repetitive surge current and 220 mJ of total avalanche energy in the dual anode shared cathode configuration. A testbed is designed and developed to test the reliability of commercial WBG diodes in surge and avalanche events. Each device is initially characterized, exposed to testing conditions, and then characterized again to monitor signs of degradation. Analysis of the data collected during and after testing was conducted to determine the reliability in commercial applications.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133031878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009676
B. Lassalle, F. Bayol, R. Dègnon
The basic operation of a Marx generator is well known and simple: capacitors are charged in parallel through high impedances and discharged in series, thus multiplying the output voltage compared to the charging voltage. As a basic explanation, in a Marx generator using spark gap switches, triggering the first stage is sufficient to double the voltage on the second stage's switch and so on. All the switches are then switched on in an avalanche mode. However, the behavior is often more complex. The parasitic impedances of the geometry play an important role for the creation of overvoltages. This can make the design and the development of Marx generators quite challenging, especially when aiming for good reproducibility and precise timing. The simulation method presented here has been developed to easily compare the effects and performances of different parameters on the Marx erection. Thus, the designers can readily optimize and compare different triggering schemes or other parameters influencing the erection process. Secondly, by coupling LTspice and Python, a statistical approach is presented to also study the effect of the triggering circuit and other parameters on the overall jitter of the machine.
{"title":"Analysis of the triggering behaviour of Marx generators using Spice simulations","authors":"B. Lassalle, F. Bayol, R. Dègnon","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009676","url":null,"abstract":"The basic operation of a Marx generator is well known and simple: capacitors are charged in parallel through high impedances and discharged in series, thus multiplying the output voltage compared to the charging voltage. As a basic explanation, in a Marx generator using spark gap switches, triggering the first stage is sufficient to double the voltage on the second stage's switch and so on. All the switches are then switched on in an avalanche mode. However, the behavior is often more complex. The parasitic impedances of the geometry play an important role for the creation of overvoltages. This can make the design and the development of Marx generators quite challenging, especially when aiming for good reproducibility and precise timing. The simulation method presented here has been developed to easily compare the effects and performances of different parameters on the Marx erection. Thus, the designers can readily optimize and compare different triggering schemes or other parameters influencing the erection process. Secondly, by coupling LTspice and Python, a statistical approach is presented to also study the effect of the triggering circuit and other parameters on the overall jitter of the machine.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122127859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009622
V. Jain, K. Nigam, N. Tanwani, S. Adam, S. Nimish, S. Nema
The energy control to the DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) air plasma is proposed which ensure the uniform glow discharge plasma in the air gap. This energy control requires a unique high voltage switching which generates bundles of RF (Radio Frequency) discharge of 0.5 MHz to 2.5 MHz at 6kV but damped oscillations in nature. This damping period ranges from 8us to 10us in repetitive mode. The repetition of switching is limited to 100 kHz to avoid appending of energy in the air gap of DBD to prevent filament generation. The 6kVrms significantly lower voltage than the voltage ratings of conventional pulsed DC supply used in DBD plasma generation at atmospheric pressure. Still, it provides plasma power density of 2W/cm2 which is substantially higher for fast treatment of textile materials such as cotton, polyethylene, polypropylene etc. The functionality measurements results for various materials and the diagnostics of the air DBD plasma are also presented in the paper.
{"title":"Novel High Voltage Pulsing to Generate Uniform Glow Discharge Air Plasma for Environment Friendly Inline Treatment of Textile","authors":"V. Jain, K. Nigam, N. Tanwani, S. Adam, S. Nimish, S. Nema","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009622","url":null,"abstract":"The energy control to the DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) air plasma is proposed which ensure the uniform glow discharge plasma in the air gap. This energy control requires a unique high voltage switching which generates bundles of RF (Radio Frequency) discharge of 0.5 MHz to 2.5 MHz at 6kV but damped oscillations in nature. This damping period ranges from 8us to 10us in repetitive mode. The repetition of switching is limited to 100 kHz to avoid appending of energy in the air gap of DBD to prevent filament generation. The 6kVrms significantly lower voltage than the voltage ratings of conventional pulsed DC supply used in DBD plasma generation at atmospheric pressure. Still, it provides plasma power density of 2W/cm2 which is substantially higher for fast treatment of textile materials such as cotton, polyethylene, polypropylene etc. The functionality measurements results for various materials and the diagnostics of the air DBD plasma are also presented in the paper.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"455 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125792324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009618
A. Izutani, Y. Furumoto, Y. Hamada, M. Miyake, K. Teranishi, N. Shimomura, S. Oyadomari
The application of pulsed power technology is spreading to biotechnology and medical fields. Pulse electric fields yield various influences on cells. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which is due to accumulation of unfolded proteins has been considered as one of disorder such as diabetes and Alzheimer. Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a built-in avoiding function of ER stress and conduct reactions as promotion and pausing of folding. The activation of UPR by application of nsPEFs on cells was studied. Here, proper conditions to activate UPR were explored in experiments. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit a (eIF2a) is phosphorylated and translation of protein is inhibited when cells are stressed. Transportations of protein before folding to ER are accordingly inhibited and the process is UPR. In this experiment, phosphorylated eIF2a (P-eIF2a) was observed to estimate the induction of UPR. Electric fields pulses of 14 ns and 70 ns in pulse width were applied on MEF and HeLa cells and expression of P-eIF2a was evaluated by Western blotting. First, relatively high electric fields pulses: over 120 kV/cm were applied. Second, under 70 kV/cm pulses were applied. Thapsigargin was used for positive control. The P-eIF2a expression of high electric field pulse applied samples was smaller than that of low electric field samples. The cell death and the P-eIF2a dephosphorylation was considered as the reason.
脉冲功率技术的应用正在向生物技术和医学领域扩展。脉冲电场对细胞产生各种影响。内质网应激是由未折叠蛋白积累引起的，被认为是糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病等疾病的病因之一。未折叠蛋白反应(Unfolded protein response, UPR)是内质网应激的内在规避功能，可促进和暂停折叠反应。研究了nsPEFs对细胞UPR的激活作用。本文通过实验对UPR的激活条件进行了探索。当细胞处于应激状态时，真核生物翻译起始因子2亚单位a (eIF2a)被磷酸化，蛋白的翻译受到抑制。蛋白质折叠前转运到内质网被相应地抑制，这个过程是UPR。本实验通过观察磷酸化的eIF2a (P-eIF2a)来估计UPR的诱导作用。分别施加脉冲宽度为14 ns和70 ns的电场脉冲于MEF和HeLa细胞，Western blotting检测P-eIF2a的表达。首先，相对较高的电场脉冲:超过120千伏/厘米。其次，施加70千伏/厘米以下的脉冲。阳性对照采用Thapsigargin。高电场脉冲作用下样品的P-eIF2a表达量小于低电场作用下样品。细胞死亡和P-eIF2a去磷酸化被认为是原因。
{"title":"The Influence of Applying High Electrical Field Pulses on Unfolded Protein Responce of Cells Preparation of*","authors":"A. Izutani, Y. Furumoto, Y. Hamada, M. Miyake, K. Teranishi, N. Shimomura, S. Oyadomari","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009618","url":null,"abstract":"The application of pulsed power technology is spreading to biotechnology and medical fields. Pulse electric fields yield various influences on cells. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which is due to accumulation of unfolded proteins has been considered as one of disorder such as diabetes and Alzheimer. Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a built-in avoiding function of ER stress and conduct reactions as promotion and pausing of folding. The activation of UPR by application of nsPEFs on cells was studied. Here, proper conditions to activate UPR were explored in experiments. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit a (eIF2a) is phosphorylated and translation of protein is inhibited when cells are stressed. Transportations of protein before folding to ER are accordingly inhibited and the process is UPR. In this experiment, phosphorylated eIF2a (P-eIF2a) was observed to estimate the induction of UPR. Electric fields pulses of 14 ns and 70 ns in pulse width were applied on MEF and HeLa cells and expression of P-eIF2a was evaluated by Western blotting. First, relatively high electric fields pulses: over 120 kV/cm were applied. Second, under 70 kV/cm pulses were applied. Thapsigargin was used for positive control. The P-eIF2a expression of high electric field pulse applied samples was smaller than that of low electric field samples. The cell death and the P-eIF2a dephosphorylation was considered as the reason.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121790530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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