Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009714
G. S. Jaar, R. K. Appartaim
Emission spectra from a microsecond x-pinch were studied in the soft x-ray region which give information about the radiating hot spot plasma. The spectra were collected using a flat crystal spectrometer from aluminum and molybdenum in a 2×25 µm wire x-pinch configuration. We present results that show aluminum reaching the hydrogen-like state and molybdenum reaching the neon-like charge state, from which relevant plasma parameters are determined. We also present the results of a load optimization study for an x-pinch driven by a 350-kA microsecond generator. A scan of the configuration space across material, thickness, and number of wires was performed to determine which parameter combination creates the best total x-ray yield for use in radiography and backlighting. The configuration assessment was conducted using x-ray imaging, Si photodiodes, and diamond radiation detectors.
{"title":"X-ray Spectroscopy and Total Yield Measurements on a Microsecond X-Pinch","authors":"G. S. Jaar, R. K. Appartaim","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009714","url":null,"abstract":"Emission spectra from a microsecond x-pinch were studied in the soft x-ray region which give information about the radiating hot spot plasma. The spectra were collected using a flat crystal spectrometer from aluminum and molybdenum in a 2×25 µm wire x-pinch configuration. We present results that show aluminum reaching the hydrogen-like state and molybdenum reaching the neon-like charge state, from which relevant plasma parameters are determined. We also present the results of a load optimization study for an x-pinch driven by a 350-kA microsecond generator. A scan of the configuration space across material, thickness, and number of wires was performed to determine which parameter combination creates the best total x-ray yield for use in radiography and backlighting. The configuration assessment was conducted using x-ray imaging, Si photodiodes, and diamond radiation detectors.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128440302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009727
S. Dickerson, R. Curry, L. Brown, S. Mounter, A. Maddy, J. T. Camp
The Center for Physical and Power Electronics has developed a nanodielectric material (MU100) to reduce the size of ultra-high voltage (UHV) pulsed power capacitors. In the discharge regime of interest, the dielectric constant of the material is 200. The UHV dielectric, 3.4 cm diameter, 2 cm thick substrates with voltage ratings on the order of 260 kV, were assembled into a series stack of 4 each using a eutectic solder. Nine of these encapsulated capacitors were paralleled in a modular 130 pF capacitor assembly, and physically tested for operational capability. Results of the development and testing demonstrated two full-scale devices capable of withstanding over 104, 500 kV pulses with 55% voltage reversal, showing no signs of degradation; exceeding all pre-specified performance specifications. The test capacitor was part of a peaking circuit placed at the output of a 15 stage compact Marx bank to achieve the voltage amplitudes and reversals to meet the performance specifications. The capacitor was subjected to continuous 2-second bursts of 100 Hz repetition rate pulses with 10 seconds between bursts, which was required for the thermal management of the Marx bank. The submodules demonstrated a thermal rise of less than three degrees centigrade during continuous operation over a 15 minute test period. Further testing of the capacitor sub-modules demonstrated reliable performance under pulses of greater than 1 MV at a lifetime of 103 pulses. The smaller capacitance of the submodules allowed for voltage doubling across the test capacitor when connected to the 15 stage Marx bank through a charging inductor. The capacitor submodule was subjected to 2-second bursts of 100 Hz repetition rate pulses with 6 seconds between bursts. The results of the ultra-high voltage capacitor tests are discussed as well as the impact of the technology for compact pulsed power applications.
{"title":"Advanced Ultra-High Voltage NanoDielectric Capacitor Development, Fabrication, and Testing","authors":"S. Dickerson, R. Curry, L. Brown, S. Mounter, A. Maddy, J. T. Camp","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009727","url":null,"abstract":"The Center for Physical and Power Electronics has developed a nanodielectric material (MU100) to reduce the size of ultra-high voltage (UHV) pulsed power capacitors. In the discharge regime of interest, the dielectric constant of the material is 200. The UHV dielectric, 3.4 cm diameter, 2 cm thick substrates with voltage ratings on the order of 260 kV, were assembled into a series stack of 4 each using a eutectic solder. Nine of these encapsulated capacitors were paralleled in a modular 130 pF capacitor assembly, and physically tested for operational capability. Results of the development and testing demonstrated two full-scale devices capable of withstanding over 104, 500 kV pulses with 55% voltage reversal, showing no signs of degradation; exceeding all pre-specified performance specifications. The test capacitor was part of a peaking circuit placed at the output of a 15 stage compact Marx bank to achieve the voltage amplitudes and reversals to meet the performance specifications. The capacitor was subjected to continuous 2-second bursts of 100 Hz repetition rate pulses with 10 seconds between bursts, which was required for the thermal management of the Marx bank. The submodules demonstrated a thermal rise of less than three degrees centigrade during continuous operation over a 15 minute test period. Further testing of the capacitor sub-modules demonstrated reliable performance under pulses of greater than 1 MV at a lifetime of 103 pulses. The smaller capacitance of the submodules allowed for voltage doubling across the test capacitor when connected to the 15 stage Marx bank through a charging inductor. The capacitor submodule was subjected to 2-second bursts of 100 Hz repetition rate pulses with 6 seconds between bursts. The results of the ultra-high voltage capacitor tests are discussed as well as the impact of the technology for compact pulsed power applications.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128387412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009968
H. Truong, K. Hogge, M. Misch, J. Smith, M. Garcia, E. Ormond, M. Parrales
The United States initiated the Subcritical Experiment (SCE) program to support a stockpile stewardship mission shortly after the 1992 moratorium on underground nuclear testing was established. Many SCE's are conducted at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) in Nevada. Cygnus is a high energy radiation generating device (RGD) located and operated at the NNSS and is a primary diagnostic for the SCE program. This analysis methodology will provide a standard to trouble shoot results of individual Cygnus shots, and also to monitor long term Cygnus performance. Accordingly, this type of extensive analysis will contribute to optimized Cygnus performance on SCEs. The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two identical radiographic sources, Cygnus 1 and Cygnus 2. From creation of the high power V-I drive to energy transport and X-ray conversion at the rod-pinch diode, the Cygnus machines utilize the following components: oil-filled Marx generator, water-filled pulse-forming line (PFL), water-filled coaxial transmission line (CTL), three-cell vacuum induction voltage adder (IVA), and rod-pinch diode. The diode pulse has the following electrical specifications: 2.25 MV, 60 kA, 60 ns. Each source has the following X-ray specifications: 1 mm diameter, 4 rad at 1 m, and 50 ns radiation pulse. SCE's are both single-event and high-value, therefore a high level of performance in reliability and reproducibility are key issues of Cygnus. Prior to executing such a SCE, there are a formidable number of shots (e.g. each of the two Cygnus RGD's charging and discharging properly into the rod-pinch diode load) that must be executed to determine reliability and reproducibility of the Cygnus RGD's. For every shot on Cygnus, voltages and currents along the machine are recorded and analyzed. In this paper we summarize attributes of the voltage and current waveforms at different locations using distribution plots. These distribution plots are used to quantify the reliability and reproducibility for Cygnus.
{"title":"Analysis of Cygnus Electrical Signals","authors":"H. Truong, K. Hogge, M. Misch, J. Smith, M. Garcia, E. Ormond, M. Parrales","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009968","url":null,"abstract":"The United States initiated the Subcritical Experiment (SCE) program to support a stockpile stewardship mission shortly after the 1992 moratorium on underground nuclear testing was established. Many SCE's are conducted at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) in Nevada. Cygnus is a high energy radiation generating device (RGD) located and operated at the NNSS and is a primary diagnostic for the SCE program. This analysis methodology will provide a standard to trouble shoot results of individual Cygnus shots, and also to monitor long term Cygnus performance. Accordingly, this type of extensive analysis will contribute to optimized Cygnus performance on SCEs. The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two identical radiographic sources, Cygnus 1 and Cygnus 2. From creation of the high power V-I drive to energy transport and X-ray conversion at the rod-pinch diode, the Cygnus machines utilize the following components: oil-filled Marx generator, water-filled pulse-forming line (PFL), water-filled coaxial transmission line (CTL), three-cell vacuum induction voltage adder (IVA), and rod-pinch diode. The diode pulse has the following electrical specifications: 2.25 MV, 60 kA, 60 ns. Each source has the following X-ray specifications: 1 mm diameter, 4 rad at 1 m, and 50 ns radiation pulse. SCE's are both single-event and high-value, therefore a high level of performance in reliability and reproducibility are key issues of Cygnus. Prior to executing such a SCE, there are a formidable number of shots (e.g. each of the two Cygnus RGD's charging and discharging properly into the rod-pinch diode load) that must be executed to determine reliability and reproducibility of the Cygnus RGD's. For every shot on Cygnus, voltages and currents along the machine are recorded and analyzed. In this paper we summarize attributes of the voltage and current waveforms at different locations using distribution plots. These distribution plots are used to quantify the reliability and reproducibility for Cygnus.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130347228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009664
E. Ormond, M. Parrales, Michael R. Garcia, John R. Smith, P. H. Amos, K. Hogge, M. Misch, Mohammed Mohammed, H. Truong
The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two identical radiographic sources each with a dose rating of 4-rad at 1 m, and a 1-mm diameter spot size. The development of the rod pinch diode was responsible for the ability to meet these criteria1. The rod pinch diode in a Cygnus machine uses a 0.75-mm diameter, tapered tip, tungsten anode rod extended through a 9-mm diameter, aluminum cathode aperture. When properly configured, the electron beam born off the aperture edge can self-insulate and pinch onto the tip of the rod creating an intense, small x-ray source. The Cygnus sources are utilized as the primary diagnostic on Subcritical Experiments that are single-shot, high-value events. The system timing on Cygnus will be evaluated as related to the following system elements: HV trigger generator, Marx, pulse forming line and rod pinch diode. Spare trigger generators will also be included in this evaluation.
{"title":"Cygnus System Timing","authors":"E. Ormond, M. Parrales, Michael R. Garcia, John R. Smith, P. H. Amos, K. Hogge, M. Misch, Mohammed Mohammed, H. Truong","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009664","url":null,"abstract":"The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two identical radiographic sources each with a dose rating of 4-rad at 1 m, and a 1-mm diameter spot size. The development of the rod pinch diode was responsible for the ability to meet these criteria1. The rod pinch diode in a Cygnus machine uses a 0.75-mm diameter, tapered tip, tungsten anode rod extended through a 9-mm diameter, aluminum cathode aperture. When properly configured, the electron beam born off the aperture edge can self-insulate and pinch onto the tip of the rod creating an intense, small x-ray source. The Cygnus sources are utilized as the primary diagnostic on Subcritical Experiments that are single-shot, high-value events. The system timing on Cygnus will be evaluated as related to the following system elements: HV trigger generator, Marx, pulse forming line and rod pinch diode. Spare trigger generators will also be included in this evaluation.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128133907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009718
J. Leckbee, S. Simpson, D. Ziska, B. Bui
High voltage vacuum systems with stringent vacuum requirements are often designed with ceramic insulators which have low flashover strength. In this paper, we report on experimental results comparing pulsed high voltage flashover of Rexolite®(cross-linked polystyrene), a pulsed power industry standard vacuum insulator, to Kel-F® (polyclorotrifluoroethylene), a plastic with significantly lower vacuum outgassing. Our results show similar surface flashover results with the two materials, with both exhibiting large spread in flashover electric field. The average electric field for flashover of each material agree well with predictions based on previously published results.
{"title":"Vacuum Insulator Flashover of Ultra High Vacuum Compatible Insulators","authors":"J. Leckbee, S. Simpson, D. Ziska, B. Bui","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009718","url":null,"abstract":"High voltage vacuum systems with stringent vacuum requirements are often designed with ceramic insulators which have low flashover strength. In this paper, we report on experimental results comparing pulsed high voltage flashover of Rexolite®(cross-linked polystyrene), a pulsed power industry standard vacuum insulator, to Kel-F® (polyclorotrifluoroethylene), a plastic with significantly lower vacuum outgassing. Our results show similar surface flashover results with the two materials, with both exhibiting large spread in flashover electric field. The average electric field for flashover of each material agree well with predictions based on previously published results.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126022203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009774
K. Suenaga, Ayumu Hyodo, Y. Kawamura, Douyan Wang, T. Namihira
The nonthermal plasma has a high chemical reactivity and a characteristic that the temperature of the ion and the neutral particle are relatively low as from room temperature to several hundreds of degrees. Utilizing these features, we are developing applications in the environmental field such as ozone generation, exhaust gas treatment, air cleaning, etc. In recent years, researches directed toward application to medical fields such as sterilization, dental treatment, wound care are actively conducted. Nanoparticles have received much attention in recent years due to its remarkable properties, which offer important economic benefits and have been used in diverse application. However, their property gradually decays because of aggregation, which means that adhesion between nanoparticles. To maintain high performance of nanoparticles in liquid requires a technique which maintains dispersion. Examples of conventional dispersion techniques include a bead mill, an ultrasonic homogenizer, a dispersant, and so on. Due to the disadvantages of conventional dispersion technologies, research on new dispersion technology has been conducted to solve these problems. In this study, we show the experimental result that aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion which charged positively was suppressed by irradiating nonthermal plasma. We used nanoparticles of ZrO2 and ZnO, ZrO2 is positively charged in aqueous solution, whereas ZnO is negatively charged in aqueous solution. We compared with dispersion lifetime of two metal oxide nanoparticle dispersions that were irradiated with plasma. The result was ZrO2 dispersion could extend the lifetime, but not ZnO dispersion. These results suggest that OH radical affects the surface hydroxyl group to change the charged state.
{"title":"Aggregation Inhibition of Nanoparticle Dispersion by Nonthermal Plasma Irradiation","authors":"K. Suenaga, Ayumu Hyodo, Y. Kawamura, Douyan Wang, T. Namihira","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009774","url":null,"abstract":"The nonthermal plasma has a high chemical reactivity and a characteristic that the temperature of the ion and the neutral particle are relatively low as from room temperature to several hundreds of degrees. Utilizing these features, we are developing applications in the environmental field such as ozone generation, exhaust gas treatment, air cleaning, etc. In recent years, researches directed toward application to medical fields such as sterilization, dental treatment, wound care are actively conducted. Nanoparticles have received much attention in recent years due to its remarkable properties, which offer important economic benefits and have been used in diverse application. However, their property gradually decays because of aggregation, which means that adhesion between nanoparticles. To maintain high performance of nanoparticles in liquid requires a technique which maintains dispersion. Examples of conventional dispersion techniques include a bead mill, an ultrasonic homogenizer, a dispersant, and so on. Due to the disadvantages of conventional dispersion technologies, research on new dispersion technology has been conducted to solve these problems. In this study, we show the experimental result that aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion which charged positively was suppressed by irradiating nonthermal plasma. We used nanoparticles of ZrO2 and ZnO, ZrO2 is positively charged in aqueous solution, whereas ZnO is negatively charged in aqueous solution. We compared with dispersion lifetime of two metal oxide nanoparticle dispersions that were irradiated with plasma. The result was ZrO2 dispersion could extend the lifetime, but not ZnO dispersion. These results suggest that OH radical affects the surface hydroxyl group to change the charged state.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127258894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009871
J. Smith, T. Romero, H. Truong, M. Garcia, E. Ormond, M. Parrales, P. Flores, K. Hogge, S. Huber, M. Misch, J. Pérez
The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility includes two identical radiographic sources - Cygnus 1 and Cygnus 2. Cygnus is the radiography source used in Subcritical Experiments (SCEs) at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). The machine specifications are: Electric 2.25 MV, 60 kA, 60 ns; Radiation 4 Rad, 1 mm, 50 ns; Operation single shot, 2-shots/day. Cygnus has operated at the NNSS since February 2004. In this period, it has participated on seven SCE projects - Armando, Bacchus, Barolo A, Barolo B, Pollux, Vega, and Ediza. SCE projects typically require over a hundred preparatory shots culminating in a single high-fidelity or SCE shot, and typically take over a year for completion. Therefore, SCE shots are high risk and high value making reliability and reproducibility utmost priority. In this regard, major effort is focused on operational performance. A quantitative performance measurement is valuable for tracking and maintaining Cygnus preparedness. In this work, we present a new model for analysis of Cygnus performance. This model uses x-ray dose distribution as the basis for calculation of Reliability, Record, and Reproducibility. It will be applied both to long-term (historical) and short-term (readiness) periods for each of the seven SCEs.
天鹅座双光束射线照相设备包括两个相同的射线照相源-天鹅座1和天鹅座2。天鹅座是内华达州国家安全基地(NNSS)亚临界实验(SCEs)中使用的射线照相源。整机规格为:电动2.25 MV、60 kA、60 ns;辐射4 Rad, 1 mm, 50 ns;操作单针，2针/天。天鹅座从2004年2月开始在NNSS运行。在此期间，它参与了七个SCE项目- Armando, Bacchus, Barolo A, Barolo B，污染性，Vega和Ediza。SCE项目通常需要超过100个准备镜头，最终以一个高保真或SCE镜头结束，通常需要一年多的时间才能完成。因此，SCE拍摄是高风险和高价值的，可靠性和可重复性是最重要的。在这方面，主要的努力集中在业务绩效上。定量的性能测量对于跟踪和维护Cygnus准备是有价值的。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个新的模型来分析Cygnus的性能。该模型使用x射线剂量分布作为可靠性、记录性和再现性计算的基础。它将同时适用于七间经济合作中心的长期(历史)和短期(准备就绪)期间。
{"title":"Cygnus Performance on Seven Subcritical Experiments","authors":"J. Smith, T. Romero, H. Truong, M. Garcia, E. Ormond, M. Parrales, P. Flores, K. Hogge, S. Huber, M. Misch, J. Pérez","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009871","url":null,"abstract":"The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility includes two identical radiographic sources - Cygnus 1 and Cygnus 2. Cygnus is the radiography source used in Subcritical Experiments (SCEs) at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). The machine specifications are: Electric 2.25 MV, 60 kA, 60 ns; Radiation 4 Rad, 1 mm, 50 ns; Operation single shot, 2-shots/day. Cygnus has operated at the NNSS since February 2004. In this period, it has participated on seven SCE projects - Armando, Bacchus, Barolo A, Barolo B, Pollux, Vega, and Ediza. SCE projects typically require over a hundred preparatory shots culminating in a single high-fidelity or SCE shot, and typically take over a year for completion. Therefore, SCE shots are high risk and high value making reliability and reproducibility utmost priority. In this regard, major effort is focused on operational performance. A quantitative performance measurement is valuable for tracking and maintaining Cygnus preparedness. In this work, we present a new model for analysis of Cygnus performance. This model uses x-ray dose distribution as the basis for calculation of Reliability, Record, and Reproducibility. It will be applied both to long-term (historical) and short-term (readiness) periods for each of the seven SCEs.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122765373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009939
M. Abide, T. Buntin, D. Barnett, J. Dickens, R. Joshi, A. Neuber, J. Mankowski
The development of a low-impedance magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) driven by a compact Marx generator developed by Texas Tech University is discussed. The goals of the project aim to develop a MILO operating within the S-Band that can provide an RF peak output power of greater than 1 GW with greater than 10% efficiency. The device design followed a set of base design equations that were applied to a CST Studio Suite (CST) for a Particle-in-Cell, PIC, simulation to model the MILO. These simulation results then inform changes to the model to optimize the prospective performance of the device. The simulations were developed to account for realistic material properties that were then applied to critical surfaces of the device. Additionally, a circuit simulation was included to model a Marx generator feeding the input of the MILO to simulate the eventual experimental setup. Current results verify an expected RF peak power of approximately 4.5 GW at 2.5 GHz operating in the TM01 mode when excited with an input signal that has a peak voltage of 600 kV while providing a peak current of 58 kA. The simulation confirms the design should perform within these constraints.
讨论了由美国德州理工大学研制的紧凑型马克思发生器驱动的低阻抗磁绝缘传输线振荡器的研制。该项目的目标是开发一个在s波段内运行的MILO，可以提供大于1gw的射频峰值输出功率，效率高于10%。该器件设计遵循一组基本设计方程，并应用于CST Studio Suite (CST)，用于颗粒单元(PIC)模拟，以模拟MILO。这些模拟结果然后通知模型的变化，以优化设备的预期性能。模拟的发展是为了考虑现实的材料特性，然后应用到设备的关键表面。此外，还包括一个电路仿真来模拟马克思发生器馈送的输入，以模拟最终的实验设置。电流结果验证了在TM01模式下，当输入信号的峰值电压为600 kV，峰值电流为58 kA时，在2.5 GHz下工作的预期射频峰值功率约为4.5 GW。仿真证实了设计应该在这些约束条件下执行。
{"title":"Low-Impedance S-Band MILO","authors":"M. Abide, T. Buntin, D. Barnett, J. Dickens, R. Joshi, A. Neuber, J. Mankowski","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009939","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a low-impedance magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) driven by a compact Marx generator developed by Texas Tech University is discussed. The goals of the project aim to develop a MILO operating within the S-Band that can provide an RF peak output power of greater than 1 GW with greater than 10% efficiency. The device design followed a set of base design equations that were applied to a CST Studio Suite (CST) for a Particle-in-Cell, PIC, simulation to model the MILO. These simulation results then inform changes to the model to optimize the prospective performance of the device. The simulations were developed to account for realistic material properties that were then applied to critical surfaces of the device. Additionally, a circuit simulation was included to model a Marx generator feeding the input of the MILO to simulate the eventual experimental setup. Current results verify an expected RF peak power of approximately 4.5 GW at 2.5 GHz operating in the TM01 mode when excited with an input signal that has a peak voltage of 600 kV while providing a peak current of 58 kA. The simulation confirms the design should perform within these constraints.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126145391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009944
J. Mayes, C. Hatfield, J. Byman, D. Kohlenberg, P. Flores
Applied Physical Electronics, L.C. (APELC) has designed, built, and characterized a large Marx generator capable of a maximum erected voltage of 4 MV and a maximum pulse energy of 14.5 kJ. The generator is charged using a dual polarity charging topology, which helps reduce the source impedance to approximately 70 Ohms. When driving a matched resistive load, a peak power of 230 GW is delivered, with an approximate rise time of 100 ns and a pulse width of approximately 300 ns. The generator is uniquely designed to be generally insulated with transformer oil, but switched in a dry air medium. The 42 spark gap switches are uniquely grouped in sets of six, bringing in the advantages of UV coupling, and gap pre-ionization, to better switching performance.
{"title":"Design and Performance of a 4 mv, 14 kj Marx Generator","authors":"J. Mayes, C. Hatfield, J. Byman, D. Kohlenberg, P. Flores","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009944","url":null,"abstract":"Applied Physical Electronics, L.C. (APELC) has designed, built, and characterized a large Marx generator capable of a maximum erected voltage of 4 MV and a maximum pulse energy of 14.5 kJ. The generator is charged using a dual polarity charging topology, which helps reduce the source impedance to approximately 70 Ohms. When driving a matched resistive load, a peak power of 230 GW is delivered, with an approximate rise time of 100 ns and a pulse width of approximately 300 ns. The generator is uniquely designed to be generally insulated with transformer oil, but switched in a dry air medium. The 42 spark gap switches are uniquely grouped in sets of six, bringing in the advantages of UV coupling, and gap pre-ionization, to better switching performance.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129220546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009861
S. Kusano, K. Takahashi, T. Sasaki, T. Kikuchi
We have measured the thermal and electrical conductivities of fusion material in warm dense matter (WDM) region. The method is an isochoric heating using pulsed-power discharge with a ruby capillary. The electrical conductivity is estimated from the shape of WDM and the measured voltage-current waveform. The thermal conductivity is estimated by the thermal conduction measured from the WDM temperature to the ruby capillary temperature using laser-induced fluorescence. The electrical conductivity of gold at the density of 0.01ps were 4×104 to 9×104S/m with the temperature ranging from 1.5×104 to 8×104 K. The thermal conductivity of tungsten at the density of 0.0 1ps was 30 to 40 W/m·K with the temperature ranging from 8.0×103 to 1.2×104 K.
{"title":"Experimental measurement of thermal and electrical conductivities in warm dense state generated by pulsed-power discharge for efficient energy conversion of fast ignition","authors":"S. Kusano, K. Takahashi, T. Sasaki, T. Kikuchi","doi":"10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS34859.2019.9009861","url":null,"abstract":"We have measured the thermal and electrical conductivities of fusion material in warm dense matter (WDM) region. The method is an isochoric heating using pulsed-power discharge with a ruby capillary. The electrical conductivity is estimated from the shape of WDM and the measured voltage-current waveform. The thermal conductivity is estimated by the thermal conduction measured from the WDM temperature to the ruby capillary temperature using laser-induced fluorescence. The electrical conductivity of gold at the density of 0.01ps were 4×104 to 9×104S/m with the temperature ranging from 1.5×104 to 8×104 K. The thermal conductivity of tungsten at the density of 0.0 1ps was 30 to 40 W/m·K with the temperature ranging from 8.0×103 to 1.2×104 K.","PeriodicalId":103240,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Pulsed Power & Plasma Science (PPPS)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121249974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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