Pub Date : 1992-01-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183411
R. Panko
'Use-of-time' studies, which have been popularized by H. Mintzberg (1973), have already told us a great deal about managerial and professional groupwork. The author discusses needs to extend use of time methodologies to tell us more. Time methodologies work like this: either an observer watches a manager working or the manager keeps a detailed diary and, for each activity event, a form is filled out listing purpose, type of activity (conference room meeting, letter writing, etc.), and other details-the result is a detailed view of how managers spend their time. The author explains how the use of such time studies reveals the need for groupware in particular as well as electronic mail, decision support and other group-oriented technologies.<>
{"title":"Extending use of time studies","authors":"R. Panko","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.1992.183411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183411","url":null,"abstract":"'Use-of-time' studies, which have been popularized by H. Mintzberg (1973), have already told us a great deal about managerial and professional groupwork. The author discusses needs to extend use of time methodologies to tell us more. Time methodologies work like this: either an observer watches a manager working or the manager keeps a detailed diary and, for each activity event, a form is filled out listing purpose, type of activity (conference room meeting, letter writing, etc.), and other details-the result is a detailed view of how managers spend their time. The author explains how the use of such time studies reveals the need for groupware in particular as well as electronic mail, decision support and other group-oriented technologies.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":103288,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131314665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183325
A. Marcus, N.G. Galle
The trends of strategic pursuits for human interface research and development centers are important when planning and evaluating corporate decision making for product development. This article establishes four classes of computer platforms and analyzes the user interface research goals and the tools being developed to achieve those goals at leading research and development centers. The analysis is based on public documents and telephone interviews. Using the data collected and the analysis, trends in research are noted and interpreted. The resulting information is valuable for strategic planning in both engineering and marketing groups.<>
{"title":"A comparison of user interface research and development centers","authors":"A. Marcus, N.G. Galle","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.1992.183325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183325","url":null,"abstract":"The trends of strategic pursuits for human interface research and development centers are important when planning and evaluating corporate decision making for product development. This article establishes four classes of computer platforms and analyzes the user interface research goals and the tools being developed to achieve those goals at leading research and development centers. The analysis is based on public documents and telephone interviews. Using the data collected and the analysis, trends in research are noted and interpreted. The resulting information is valuable for strategic planning in both engineering and marketing groups.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":103288,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131319668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183167
R. Goettge, E. Brehm, W. L. McCoy
Models used to evaluate the performance of complex time-critical computer systems can produce voluminous amounts of data. The paper discusses the integration of knowledge-based systems with performance models to produce knowledge-based performance evaluation systems that provide automated interpretation of model results. A three stage conceptual model of interpretation is developed. Design alternatives for developing knowledge-based performance evaluation systems are explored. The critical dependencies among automated interpretation, design representation, and performance models are described, and a threshold-based strategy for problem identification using the notion of causal factoring is discussed. A prototype system called PEDAS illustrates the authors approaches.<>
{"title":"A knowledge-based approach to automated interpretation of performance model results","authors":"R. Goettge, E. Brehm, W. L. McCoy","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.1992.183167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183167","url":null,"abstract":"Models used to evaluate the performance of complex time-critical computer systems can produce voluminous amounts of data. The paper discusses the integration of knowledge-based systems with performance models to produce knowledge-based performance evaluation systems that provide automated interpretation of model results. A three stage conceptual model of interpretation is developed. Design alternatives for developing knowledge-based performance evaluation systems are explored. The critical dependencies among automated interpretation, design representation, and performance models are described, and a threshold-based strategy for problem identification using the notion of causal factoring is discussed. A prototype system called PEDAS illustrates the authors approaches.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":103288,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"i 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128839595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183356
D. J. Barnes, B. K. Buckland, J. C. Brancheau
The study of emerging technologies is one of the newest areas of IS research. Methods and strategies commonly used in other IS research are also used in studying implementations of emerging technologies. The current proliferation of effectiveness measures points to a set of methodological problems found often in emerging technologies research: lack of underlying theory, inadequate research designs, low measurement validities and confounding due to context diversity. A series of field studies were conducted in 1989-90 as the first wave of a long-term stream of research. The design of the studies, their findings, and their problems are discussed in the context of a 'post-mortem' analysis. The analysis reveals that the field studies illustrate problems of inadequate research design. A new program of linked multiple case studies that pays more careful attention to design issues is introduced. Recommendations are made regarding the specific issues of background research, case selection, development of the study, and finishing the work.<>
{"title":"Methodological issues in emerging technologies research: experiences and recommendations","authors":"D. J. Barnes, B. K. Buckland, J. C. Brancheau","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.1992.183356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183356","url":null,"abstract":"The study of emerging technologies is one of the newest areas of IS research. Methods and strategies commonly used in other IS research are also used in studying implementations of emerging technologies. The current proliferation of effectiveness measures points to a set of methodological problems found often in emerging technologies research: lack of underlying theory, inadequate research designs, low measurement validities and confounding due to context diversity. A series of field studies were conducted in 1989-90 as the first wave of a long-term stream of research. The design of the studies, their findings, and their problems are discussed in the context of a 'post-mortem' analysis. The analysis reveals that the field studies illustrate problems of inadequate research design. A new program of linked multiple case studies that pays more careful attention to design issues is introduced. Recommendations are made regarding the specific issues of background research, case selection, development of the study, and finishing the work.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":103288,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125497890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183498
V. Cote, R. St.-Denis
The paper describes the architecture of a decision support system that includes a kernel consisting of three modules: decision strategy, decisions history, and decision analysis. It focuses attention on decision analysis, looking at the types of data that should be stored in a project database, the measurement process that should be used, and the software tools required to improve the capabilities of software development environments.<>
{"title":"Bridging the gap between CASE tools and project management through a decision support system based on metrics","authors":"V. Cote, R. St.-Denis","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.1992.183498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183498","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the architecture of a decision support system that includes a kernel consisting of three modules: decision strategy, decisions history, and decision analysis. It focuses attention on decision analysis, looking at the types of data that should be stored in a project database, the measurement process that should be used, and the software tools required to improve the capabilities of software development environments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":103288,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126828870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183221
S. Muggleton, R. King, M.J.E. Sternberg
The prediction of protein secondary structure from a primary sequence is one of the most important unsolved problems in molecular biology. This paper shows that the use of a machine learning algorithm (Golem) which allows relational descriptions leads to improved performance. Golem takes, as input, examples and background knowledge described as Prolog facts. It produces, as output, Prolog rules which are a generalisation of the examples. Golem was applied to learning secondary structure prediction rules for alpha domain type proteins (a subset of the Protein Data Bank rich in helical secondary structure and nearly devoid of beta sheet). Golem learned a small set of rules predicting which residues are part of alpha -helices based on their positional relationships and chemical and physical properties. This representations is more easily understood by molecular biologists. Performance of the learned rules was 81% (+/-2%).<>
{"title":"Using logic for protein structure prediction","authors":"S. Muggleton, R. King, M.J.E. Sternberg","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.1992.183221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183221","url":null,"abstract":"The prediction of protein secondary structure from a primary sequence is one of the most important unsolved problems in molecular biology. This paper shows that the use of a machine learning algorithm (Golem) which allows relational descriptions leads to improved performance. Golem takes, as input, examples and background knowledge described as Prolog facts. It produces, as output, Prolog rules which are a generalisation of the examples. Golem was applied to learning secondary structure prediction rules for alpha domain type proteins (a subset of the Protein Data Bank rich in helical secondary structure and nearly devoid of beta sheet). Golem learned a small set of rules predicting which residues are part of alpha -helices based on their positional relationships and chemical and physical properties. This representations is more easily understood by molecular biologists. Performance of the learned rules was 81% (+/-2%).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":103288,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121564186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183309
A. Jarczyk, Peter Löffler, F. Shipman
The authors provide an introduction to design rationale and why it is important in software engineering. They look at the recent history of argumentation methods. They survey a number of the major systems developed for the support of design rationale, comparing their features and discussing their differences. They look at advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches to design rationale with special attention paid to how they can be used in the process software engineering. They conclude with a discussion of some open issues which are important for the inclusion of design rationale systems in the software engineering process.<>
{"title":"Design rationale for software engineering: a survey","authors":"A. Jarczyk, Peter Löffler, F. Shipman","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.1992.183309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183309","url":null,"abstract":"The authors provide an introduction to design rationale and why it is important in software engineering. They look at the recent history of argumentation methods. They survey a number of the major systems developed for the support of design rationale, comparing their features and discussing their differences. They look at advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches to design rationale with special attention paid to how they can be used in the process software engineering. They conclude with a discussion of some open issues which are important for the inclusion of design rationale systems in the software engineering process.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":103288,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121633459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183464
H. Johnson, P. Johnson
The knowledge that people recruit and acquire during an explanatory dialogue is important in understanding how these dialogues are successfully carried out and how explanation and learning occur. The aim is to improve explanation provision by intelligent tutoring and knowledge based systems. In this paper an empirical study is described which investigated the effects of different explanatory dialogue styles on the knowledge acquisition by novices. Two dialogue styles were manipulated, 'active' giving strong spontaneous guidance and 'passive', giving weak guidance. The students who participated in the active dialogue style tended to acquire more knowledge than the students in the passive condition. However, providing students with strong guidance was very costly and the most efficient use of expert resources may be to teach students in a passive manner.<>
{"title":"Different explanatory dialogue styles and their effects on knowledge acquisition by novices","authors":"H. Johnson, P. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.1992.183464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183464","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge that people recruit and acquire during an explanatory dialogue is important in understanding how these dialogues are successfully carried out and how explanation and learning occur. The aim is to improve explanation provision by intelligent tutoring and knowledge based systems. In this paper an empirical study is described which investigated the effects of different explanatory dialogue styles on the knowledge acquisition by novices. Two dialogue styles were manipulated, 'active' giving strong spontaneous guidance and 'passive', giving weak guidance. The students who participated in the active dialogue style tended to acquire more knowledge than the students in the passive condition. However, providing students with strong guidance was very costly and the most efficient use of expert resources may be to teach students in a passive manner.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":103288,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126280979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183539
S. Madnick, J. Maguire
The Information Technology Group at the MIT Sloan School of Management has two principles that underlie its research, teaching and professional activities. The first is a balance and depth on both the organizational and technical aspects of information technology. The second is the striving for innovation, leadership and excellence.<>
麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院(MIT Sloan School of Management)的信息技术小组(Information Technology Group)有两条原则作为其研究、教学和专业活动的基础。首先是信息技术的组织和技术方面的平衡和深度。二是追求创新、领导和卓越
{"title":"The information technology legacy and future directions at MIT","authors":"S. Madnick, J. Maguire","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.1992.183539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183539","url":null,"abstract":"The Information Technology Group at the MIT Sloan School of Management has two principles that underlie its research, teaching and professional activities. The first is a balance and depth on both the organizational and technical aspects of information technology. The second is the striving for innovation, leadership and excellence.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":103288,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126801016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183493
C. Brown, J. C. Brancheau
To date no comprehensive research model for the management of end-user computing (EUC) has been introduced to help 'make sense' of the past decade of research. The paper addresses this gap in the research by presenting a model for EUC management studies which focuses on individual-level factors. Four factors are detailed: the end user, task, tool, and end-user action. To demonstrate the utility of the research model, a sample of EUC management studies published between 1983 and 1990 in major IS journals and conference proceedings is discussed in terms of the main components of the model. The paper concludes with an assessment of the progress which has been made towards accumulating knowledge about end-user computing management.<>
{"title":"A research model for managing end-user computing: making sense of the past decade","authors":"C. Brown, J. C. Brancheau","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.1992.183493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183493","url":null,"abstract":"To date no comprehensive research model for the management of end-user computing (EUC) has been introduced to help 'make sense' of the past decade of research. The paper addresses this gap in the research by presenting a model for EUC management studies which focuses on individual-level factors. Four factors are detailed: the end user, task, tool, and end-user action. To demonstrate the utility of the research model, a sample of EUC management studies published between 1983 and 1990 in major IS journals and conference proceedings is discussed in terms of the main components of the model. The paper concludes with an assessment of the progress which has been made towards accumulating knowledge about end-user computing management.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":103288,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116153824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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