Primary Eye Care (PEC) provides the essential cares of the eyes and visual pathways at the Primary Health Care (PHC) level in order to prevent avoidable visual impairment and blindness. The aim of this study is to review the need for integration of PEC services into PHC in Nigeria healthcare system – with focus oF Delta State. A narrative review approach was used in evaluation of community needs, government and PHC facilities. Published literatures from around the world including in Sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria was done through web search and Mendeley reference library. The evaluations show that there is ability and willingness to integrate PEC into PHC. Yet, there is observable mismatch in capacity vs. opportunity or a knowledge and attitude gap. In Delta State on Nigeria, there appears to be specialist Eye-care providers located in just 24% of the local government areas and absolutely none (zero %) at any PHC facility. In the rural communities, there is the barrier of affordances including problem of access, but the PHC staff can be equipped to provide basic services such as educational, preventive and referral services that non-governmental organisations have done. Therefore, integration of PEC into PHC at the community level is possible.
{"title":"Integration of eye care into primary healthcare tier in Nigeria health system: A case for Delta State","authors":"J. Moyegbone","doi":"10.31579/2690-8794/038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/038","url":null,"abstract":"Primary Eye Care (PEC) provides the essential cares of the eyes and visual pathways at the Primary Health Care (PHC) level in order to prevent avoidable visual impairment and blindness. The aim of this study is to review the need for integration of PEC services into PHC in Nigeria healthcare system – with focus oF Delta State. A narrative review approach was used in evaluation of community needs, government and PHC facilities. Published literatures from around the world including in Sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria was done through web search and Mendeley reference library. The evaluations show that there is ability and willingness to integrate PEC into PHC. Yet, there is observable mismatch in capacity vs. opportunity or a knowledge and attitude gap. In Delta State on Nigeria, there appears to be specialist Eye-care providers located in just 24% of the local government areas and absolutely none (zero %) at any PHC facility. In the rural communities, there is the barrier of affordances including problem of access, but the PHC staff can be equipped to provide basic services such as educational, preventive and referral services that non-governmental organisations have done. Therefore, integration of PEC into PHC at the community level is possible.","PeriodicalId":10427,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88591071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In this study, we indicate the importance of a case, where specific diagnostic tests such as NK level, NK endometrial cells, NK activity, embryotoxicity (ETA), and PLA (platelet leukocyte aggregates) were used for investigating infertile women with many failed IVFs. Case presentation: We describe a very important case of unexplained infertility, where a 46 year old lady managed finally to get pregnant after 12 years of consecutive trials and 10 failed IVFs. Our center tested her for all 3 NK markers, ETA, and Vitamin D3, TSH, and PLA, which are essential for positive pregnancy. The lady was treated with intravenous solution of intralipid after the high NK result. She was administered with two dosages and then performed embryo transfer where after 10 days she received the positive pregnancy test result. Conclusion: The high evaluation of immune status based on the specific tests of NK panel (all 3 markers), ETA, and PLA can save time and money for couples that have attempted several embryo transfers in IVF centers with unsuccessful pregnancies. Also, the targeted individualized treatment of the couple can significantly increase the chances for successful pregnancy.
{"title":"Case Report of Successful IVF with Pregnancy of a 46 Year Old Lady after 12 Years Trials and 10 failed IVFs","authors":"Ioannis K. Toliopoulos","doi":"10.31579/2690-8794/034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/034","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this study, we indicate the importance of a case, where specific diagnostic tests such as NK level, NK endometrial cells, NK activity, embryotoxicity (ETA), and PLA (platelet leukocyte aggregates) were used for investigating infertile women with many failed IVFs. Case presentation: We describe a very important case of unexplained infertility, where a 46 year old lady managed finally to get pregnant after 12 years of consecutive trials and 10 failed IVFs. Our center tested her for all 3 NK markers, ETA, and Vitamin D3, TSH, and PLA, which are essential for positive pregnancy. The lady was treated with intravenous solution of intralipid after the high NK result. She was administered with two dosages and then performed embryo transfer where after 10 days she received the positive pregnancy test result. Conclusion: The high evaluation of immune status based on the specific tests of NK panel (all 3 markers), ETA, and PLA can save time and money for couples that have attempted several embryo transfers in IVF centers with unsuccessful pregnancies. Also, the targeted individualized treatment of the couple can significantly increase the chances for successful pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":10427,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86245663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present review aim to help scientific community to better understand, in vitro and in vivo, COVID-19 compared to Monge disease (MD). The SARS-COV-2 or Corona-nanoparticles (NPs: 60-140nm) model based on nanosciences give an innovative understanding of virus nanotoxicity associated to violent inflammatory reactions and acute respiratory distress. Our analysis of COVID-19 suggest for the first time as far as we know that SARS-COV-2 use nanosciences laws such as virus agglomeration and mitochondria respiration toxicity induced by cluster virus-Heme. Moreover, the implication of age, gender, and ethnicity to COVID-19 must be confirmed by future studies compared to MD. Virus could use nanomechanisms to induce hypoxia via generation of Heme-virus clusters mitigating microcoagulation implicated in acute respiratory distress and heart failure. Our analysis point to the presence of possible link between hypoxia and COVID-19 pro-pulmonary complications.
{"title":"Nanotoxicity of corona-nanoparticles (SARS-COV-2): Nano mechanisms of hypoxia","authors":"A. Hanini","doi":"10.31579/2690-8794/031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/031","url":null,"abstract":"The present review aim to help scientific community to better understand, in vitro and in vivo, COVID-19 compared to Monge disease (MD). The SARS-COV-2 or Corona-nanoparticles (NPs: 60-140nm) model based on nanosciences give an innovative understanding of virus nanotoxicity associated to violent inflammatory reactions and acute respiratory distress. Our analysis of COVID-19 suggest for the first time as far as we know that SARS-COV-2 use nanosciences laws such as virus agglomeration and mitochondria respiration toxicity induced by cluster virus-Heme. Moreover, the implication of age, gender, and ethnicity to COVID-19 must be confirmed by future studies compared to MD. Virus could use nanomechanisms to induce hypoxia via generation of Heme-virus clusters mitigating microcoagulation implicated in acute respiratory distress and heart failure. Our analysis point to the presence of possible link between hypoxia and COVID-19 pro-pulmonary complications.","PeriodicalId":10427,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77884749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, an important part of the ionizing radiation (IR) that human have been exposed for diagnostic purposes are interventional radiologic procedures. The X-rays and contrast media are used in angiography. The patients and staff members are exposed to X-ray during these procedures. While it is known that X-rays cause DNA damage and carcinogenesis, the effect of the contrast agent is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of X-rays and contrast agent on chromosomes of human patients. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 50 patients (30 males, 20 females, ages between 38-75 years). Chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes in 50 patients were performed at 3 different periods; before the interventional radiologic procedure, 24 hours and 1-3 months after the procedure. Also, chromosome analysis was performed on 17 staff members working during interventional radiological procedures to investigate the effect of X-rays. Standard cytogenetic analysis techniques were used for this study. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) was significantly higher in patients 24 hours after the interventional radiologic procedures than pretreatment (p=0,000). At the same time, CAs after 24 hours compared with those taken 1-3 months later, shown that the CAs were significantly reduced after 1-3 months (p=0,000). We also found that the frequency of CAs was also statistically higher in patients exposed to high radiation doses (p=0,042). Compared with the control group (n=30), CAs were found significantly higher in workers exposed to radiation. Our findings have shown that X-rays and contrast agents that used in interventional radiological cause chromosomal damage. For this reason, the dose of radiation to be given to the patient must be carefully selected. Due to the potentially high genetic damage of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the type and amount of medication to be given and the frequency of radiological diagnostic procedures to be performed should be meticulously adjusted.
{"title":"The Genotoxic Effect of Interventional Cardiac Radiologic Procedures on Human Chromosomes","authors":"O. Demirhan","doi":"10.31579/2690-8794/032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/032","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, an important part of the ionizing radiation (IR) that human have been exposed for diagnostic purposes are interventional radiologic procedures. The X-rays and contrast media are used in angiography. The patients and staff members are exposed to X-ray during these procedures. While it is known that X-rays cause DNA damage and carcinogenesis, the effect of the contrast agent is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of X-rays and contrast agent on chromosomes of human patients. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 50 patients (30 males, 20 females, ages between 38-75 years). Chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes in 50 patients were performed at 3 different periods; before the interventional radiologic procedure, 24 hours and 1-3 months after the procedure. Also, chromosome analysis was performed on 17 staff members working during interventional radiological procedures to investigate the effect of X-rays. Standard cytogenetic analysis techniques were used for this study. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) was significantly higher in patients 24 hours after the interventional radiologic procedures than pretreatment (p=0,000). At the same time, CAs after 24 hours compared with those taken 1-3 months later, shown that the CAs were significantly reduced after 1-3 months (p=0,000). We also found that the frequency of CAs was also statistically higher in patients exposed to high radiation doses (p=0,042). Compared with the control group (n=30), CAs were found significantly higher in workers exposed to radiation. Our findings have shown that X-rays and contrast agents that used in interventional radiological cause chromosomal damage. For this reason, the dose of radiation to be given to the patient must be carefully selected. Due to the potentially high genetic damage of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the type and amount of medication to be given and the frequency of radiological diagnostic procedures to be performed should be meticulously adjusted.","PeriodicalId":10427,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74292584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Pleuropulmonary with bony and cutaneous involvement of salmonella infection is a very rare condition and no case was ever reported in Lebanon. Case presentation: We report a case of 39-year-old immunocompetent man, with no past medical history, presented with a right bulging chest wall mass. The chest radiographs revealed pleural effusion and presence of a hypodense central necrosis at right lower lung field. Salmonella was identified from the cultures of fine needle aspiration (FNA) form the mass. After treating salmonella with adequate antibiotics, the patient was improved. Discussion: salmonella infection is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Infection may spread beyond the intestine causing many complications like in our reported case. Conclusion: we should suspect salmonellosis in any patient presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms followed by pleuropneumonia with chest wall infection.
{"title":"Pleuropneumonia with chest wall abscess due to salmonella enteric in immunocompetent patient: a case report","authors":"Y. Sleiman","doi":"10.31579/2690-8794/025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/025","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pleuropulmonary with bony and cutaneous involvement of salmonella infection is a very rare condition and no case was ever reported in Lebanon. Case presentation: We report a case of 39-year-old immunocompetent man, with no past medical history, presented with a right bulging chest wall mass. The chest radiographs revealed pleural effusion and presence of a hypodense central necrosis at right lower lung field. Salmonella was identified from the cultures of fine needle aspiration (FNA) form the mass. After treating salmonella with adequate antibiotics, the patient was improved. Discussion: salmonella infection is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Infection may spread beyond the intestine causing many complications like in our reported case. Conclusion: we should suspect salmonellosis in any patient presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms followed by pleuropneumonia with chest wall infection.","PeriodicalId":10427,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90238941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skin metastases represent an infrequent secondary location of deep cancers. They represent 0.6 to 10% of metastases from solid tumors [1]. We are reporting a case.
{"title":"Skin metastases revealing lung cancer","authors":"S. Benkirane","doi":"10.31579/2690-8794/024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/024","url":null,"abstract":"Skin metastases represent an infrequent secondary location of deep cancers. They represent 0.6 to 10% of metastases from solid tumors [1]. We are reporting a case.","PeriodicalId":10427,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91479998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wound healing is a complex process with overlapping steps of haemostasis, the inflammatory and proliferative phases, remodelling .Any problem with the edge of the wound can be detrimental to healing and may cause delay in wound healing. In this article, we share our experience of using topical insulin therapy for wound bed preparation in non-healing ulcer over the amputation stump.
{"title":"Role of topical insulin therapy in amputation stump","authors":"R. Chittoria","doi":"10.31579/2690-8794/028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/028","url":null,"abstract":"Wound healing is a complex process with overlapping steps of haemostasis, the inflammatory and proliferative phases, remodelling .Any problem with the edge of the wound can be detrimental to healing and may cause delay in wound healing. In this article, we share our experience of using topical insulin therapy for wound bed preparation in non-healing ulcer over the amputation stump.","PeriodicalId":10427,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77894356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 disease is a pandemic, with severe clinical manifestations, high lethality and which has reached at least 128 countries. In this sense, the bioprotection of health professionals is a fundamental principle in preserving the lives of those who work in the direct care of patients who are victims of SARS-CoV-2. Each day the number of confirmed cases exceeds the most optimistic estimates, which cause severe damage and overload in the infrastructure of health systems. The present study addressed the main dilemmas and difficulties faced by health professionals in combating the pandemic. A literature review was carried out in the Embase, Scopus, Pubmed / Medline, Web of Science, Scielo, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases, where 28 articles were selected after independent peer review. The most recent and relevant studies on the need for effective bioprotection were included. For this reason, we put the step by step for the reader to understand and execute. Besides, the indiscriminate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was analyzed, what to do in the absence of such material, and the role of the professional as a health educator in the optimization of available resources. In conclusion, it is recommended to use PPE's with parsimony and telehealth as a useful device in the emergency support of professionals working on the front lines in the fight against coronavirus.
COVID-19是一种大流行疾病，具有严重的临床表现，高致死率，至少已蔓延到128个国家。从这个意义上说，卫生专业人员的生物保护是保护直接护理SARS-CoV-2患者的人员生命的一项基本原则。每天确诊病例的数量都超过最乐观的估计，这对卫生系统的基础设施造成严重损害和超负荷。本研究讨论了保健专业人员在防治这一流行病方面面临的主要困境和困难。在Embase、Scopus、Pubmed / Medline、Web of Science、Scielo、Cochrane Library和b谷歌Scholar数据库中进行文献综述，经独立同行评议筛选出28篇文章。包括了关于有效生物保护必要性的最新和相关的研究。为此，我们一步一步地为读者理解和执行。此外，还分析了滥用个人防护装备(PPE)的情况，在缺乏此类材料的情况下该怎么办，以及专业人员作为健康教育者在优化现有资源方面的作用。总之，建议使用简约的个人防护装备和远程医疗，作为在抗击冠状病毒的一线工作的专业人员提供紧急支持的有用设备。
{"title":"Covid-19 pandemic and health professionals practical approache","authors":"I. Filho","doi":"10.31579/2690-8794/022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/022","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 disease is a pandemic, with severe clinical manifestations, high lethality and which has reached at least 128 countries. In this sense, the bioprotection of health professionals is a fundamental principle in preserving the lives of those who work in the direct care of patients who are victims of SARS-CoV-2. Each day the number of confirmed cases exceeds the most optimistic estimates, which cause severe damage and overload in the infrastructure of health systems. The present study addressed the main dilemmas and difficulties faced by health professionals in combating the pandemic. A literature review was carried out in the Embase, Scopus, Pubmed / Medline, Web of Science, Scielo, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases, where 28 articles were selected after independent peer review. The most recent and relevant studies on the need for effective bioprotection were included. For this reason, we put the step by step for the reader to understand and execute. Besides, the indiscriminate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was analyzed, what to do in the absence of such material, and the role of the professional as a health educator in the optimization of available resources. In conclusion, it is recommended to use PPE's with parsimony and telehealth as a useful device in the emergency support of professionals working on the front lines in the fight against coronavirus.","PeriodicalId":10427,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90003758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The functions of existing proteins are explained based on the proteins of previously known coronaviruses. While the role of most non-structural proteins in viral replication has been defined, the role of some is still not fully explained. Four structural proteins have an essential role in combining virion and being a target for coronavirus infection pathogenesis and drug development.
{"title":"Which is more accurate SARS-CoV + MERS-CoV = SARS-CoV2 or SARS-CoV + MERS-CoV = MERS-CoV2?","authors":"C. Koyunoğlu","doi":"10.31579/2690-8794/030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/030","url":null,"abstract":"The functions of existing proteins are explained based on the proteins of previously known coronaviruses. While the role of most non-structural proteins in viral replication has been defined, the role of some is still not fully explained. Four structural proteins have an essential role in combining virion and being a target for coronavirus infection pathogenesis and drug development.","PeriodicalId":10427,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83137474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been an overwhelming demand to improve medical practices and services through using evidence-based medicine, and leadership has been increasingly recognized as an important contributory factor to the success of academic medical and healthcare organizations and institutions.
{"title":"Academic Medical Leadership: An Overview of The Emerging Concepts And Ideas","authors":"Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi","doi":"10.31579/2690-8794/014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/014","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an overwhelming demand to improve medical practices and services through using evidence-based medicine, and leadership has been increasingly recognized as an important contributory factor to the success of academic medical and healthcare organizations and institutions.","PeriodicalId":10427,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81831051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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