Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622045
Y. Gorishnya
Statistical analysis of experimental records of tweek-atmospherics (tweeks) was produced. Tweeks are observed during nighttime and represent response of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide to excitation by lightning strokes. Tweeks are formed by series of pulses consecutively reflected from the waveguide boundaries under different incident angles depending on a source-observer distance and effective ionosphere height along a propagation path. The tweek signals demonstrate the propagation of a few Earth-ionosphere waveguide modes. We used a time-frequency representation of analyzed tweek waveforms to infer separate branches, corresponding to different waveguide modes. We determined then propagation path's parameters such as source range, ionosphere height, and azimuthal orientation of a propagation path. Obtained results show the increase of effective height of a reflecting layer in low ionosphere during the night from evening until 3 hour after local midnight. These data also demonstrate the number of branches equal 2...4 in case of effective ionosphere height > 90 km and source range more than 1 Mm. In conjunction with effective height's rise this fact tends to decreasing of average branch quantity in the tweeks observed about few hours after local midnight.
{"title":"Variations of the lower ionosphere height deduced from measurements of tweek-atmospherics","authors":"Y. Gorishnya","doi":"10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622045","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical analysis of experimental records of tweek-atmospherics (tweeks) was produced. Tweeks are observed during nighttime and represent response of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide to excitation by lightning strokes. Tweeks are formed by series of pulses consecutively reflected from the waveguide boundaries under different incident angles depending on a source-observer distance and effective ionosphere height along a propagation path. The tweek signals demonstrate the propagation of a few Earth-ionosphere waveguide modes. We used a time-frequency representation of analyzed tweek waveforms to infer separate branches, corresponding to different waveguide modes. We determined then propagation path's parameters such as source range, ionosphere height, and azimuthal orientation of a propagation path. Obtained results show the increase of effective height of a reflecting layer in low ionosphere during the night from evening until 3 hour after local midnight. These data also demonstrate the number of branches equal 2...4 in case of effective ionosphere height > 90 km and source range more than 1 Mm. In conjunction with effective height's rise this fact tends to decreasing of average branch quantity in the tweeks observed about few hours after local midnight.","PeriodicalId":104362,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131903166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622203
A. Rinkevich, D. V. Perov, M. Samoylovich, S. М. Klescheva, E. Kuznetsov
Photonic crystals become fashionable object of investigation on microwaves and the interest is caused both basic scientific aspects and possible applications [1]. Reflection, transmission and absorption properties are under study [2]. Microwave methods give a unique opportunity to estimate the dynamic and relaxation parameters of spins in a nanostructure. Magnetic properties of magnetophotonic crystals based on opal matrices have been studied as well as their electromagnetic properties in millimeter waveband. Cobalt nanoparticles could be suitable magnetic component of a magnetophotonic crystal. The particles of cobalt oxide are embedded into the inter-sphere voids of the matrix. After annealing in hydrogen the cobalt oxide particles transform to metallic cobalt. It has been shown that if antiferromagnetic cobalt oxide remains besides ferromagnetic cobalt, the lowtemperature magnetic hysteresis loop is shifted along the field axis. Magnetic field influences essentially on the microwave transmission and reflection coefficients only after annealing in hydrogen that is if the ferromagnetic phase presents in the sample. The spectra of magnetic resonance and antiresonance are studied.
{"title":"Microwave penetration and magnetic state of cobalt-containing magnetophotonic crystals","authors":"A. Rinkevich, D. V. Perov, M. Samoylovich, S. М. Klescheva, E. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622203","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic crystals become fashionable object of investigation on microwaves and the interest is caused both basic scientific aspects and possible applications [1]. Reflection, transmission and absorption properties are under study [2]. Microwave methods give a unique opportunity to estimate the dynamic and relaxation parameters of spins in a nanostructure. Magnetic properties of magnetophotonic crystals based on opal matrices have been studied as well as their electromagnetic properties in millimeter waveband. Cobalt nanoparticles could be suitable magnetic component of a magnetophotonic crystal. The particles of cobalt oxide are embedded into the inter-sphere voids of the matrix. After annealing in hydrogen the cobalt oxide particles transform to metallic cobalt. It has been shown that if antiferromagnetic cobalt oxide remains besides ferromagnetic cobalt, the lowtemperature magnetic hysteresis loop is shifted along the field axis. Magnetic field influences essentially on the microwave transmission and reflection coefficients only after annealing in hydrogen that is if the ferromagnetic phase presents in the sample. The spectra of magnetic resonance and antiresonance are studied.","PeriodicalId":104362,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133482130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622160
V. Ponomaryov
The presence of noise produces deficiencies during acquisition, broadcast or storage of the color image sequences. A principal problem here consists in a design of the noise reduction techniques while image content (edges, fine details, chromaticity characteristics, etc.) should be unchanged. There are many filters designed that are based on order statistics technique, on fuzzy logic theory, etc. The proposed technique in difference to other state-of-the-arts approaches employs the RGB channels data and fuzzy logic description of semantic properties of image features, processing several pixel gradients together in two temporal neighboring frames. A 3×3 sliding window located into a bigger 5×5 window novel framework is employed in an approach, applying the gradient values for neighboring pixels in eight different directions γ = (NW, N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W) with respect to a central pixel. Two hypothesizes are resolved: the central pixel is a noisy or it is a free-noise pixel. The LARGE and SMALL fuzzy sets are introduced with an objective to estimate the noise contamination employing the Gaussian membership functions for membership degrees of gradient values.
噪声的存在在彩色图像序列的采集、广播或存储过程中产生缺陷。这里的一个主要问题是在图像内容(边缘、精细细节、色度特征等)保持不变的情况下设计降噪技术。基于序统计技术、模糊逻辑理论等设计了许多滤波器。与其他先进方法不同的是，该技术采用RGB通道数据和图像特征语义属性的模糊逻辑描述，在两个相邻的时间帧中一起处理多个像素梯度。该方法采用了一个3×3滑动窗口，该窗口位于一个更大的5×5窗口框架中，该方法对中心像素在八个不同方向(γ = (NW, N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W)上的相邻像素应用梯度值。解决了两个假设:中心像素是一个有噪声的像素或它是一个无噪声像素。引入了LARGE和SMALL模糊集，目的是利用高斯隶属函数对梯度值的隶属度进行噪声污染估计。
{"title":"Novel methods in denoising, resolution enhancement and object reconstruction of multidimensional signals","authors":"V. Ponomaryov","doi":"10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622160","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of noise produces deficiencies during acquisition, broadcast or storage of the color image sequences. A principal problem here consists in a design of the noise reduction techniques while image content (edges, fine details, chromaticity characteristics, etc.) should be unchanged. There are many filters designed that are based on order statistics technique, on fuzzy logic theory, etc. The proposed technique in difference to other state-of-the-arts approaches employs the RGB channels data and fuzzy logic description of semantic properties of image features, processing several pixel gradients together in two temporal neighboring frames. A 3×3 sliding window located into a bigger 5×5 window novel framework is employed in an approach, applying the gradient values for neighboring pixels in eight different directions γ = (NW, N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W) with respect to a central pixel. Two hypothesizes are resolved: the central pixel is a noisy or it is a free-noise pixel. The LARGE and SMALL fuzzy sets are introduced with an objective to estimate the noise contamination employing the Gaussian membership functions for membership degrees of gradient values.","PeriodicalId":104362,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133349426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622116
A. Popkov, I. Kuzmichev
Preliminarily it has been shown [1] that an open resonator (OR) attached to a certain-length superdimensional circular waveguide only maintains axially-symmetric TE01q oscillations (see Fig. 1, b and c). In addition, the resonant system of the kind features a single-frequency response over a wide frequency range and, hence, can be adopted for the determination of electro-physical parameters of materials. An approximate mathematical model of the resonator of the kind has been suggested, and its basic electrodynamical properties were theoretically studied and experimentally checked [2-4].
{"title":"A resonance system for measuring complex permittivity of materials","authors":"A. Popkov, I. Kuzmichev","doi":"10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622116","url":null,"abstract":"Preliminarily it has been shown [1] that an open resonator (OR) attached to a certain-length superdimensional circular waveguide only maintains axially-symmetric TE01q oscillations (see Fig. 1, b and c). In addition, the resonant system of the kind features a single-frequency response over a wide frequency range and, hence, can be adopted for the determination of electro-physical parameters of materials. An approximate mathematical model of the resonator of the kind has been suggested, and its basic electrodynamical properties were theoretically studied and experimentally checked [2-4].","PeriodicalId":104362,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133418660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622025
V. A. Abdulkadyrov
The electron-wave interactions in the composite periodic semiconductors has been investigated. The dependencies for the films of the InSb, GaAs structures has been shown. The wave interaction in the space-periodic structure with the 2-dimentional electronic gas has been investigated.
{"title":"Waves in active and passive sub-micron semiconductor structure. Detection and generation of the terahertz waves","authors":"V. A. Abdulkadyrov","doi":"10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622025","url":null,"abstract":"The electron-wave interactions in the composite periodic semiconductors has been investigated. The dependencies for the films of the InSb, GaAs structures has been shown. The wave interaction in the space-periodic structure with the 2-dimentional electronic gas has been investigated.","PeriodicalId":104362,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132057080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622187
S. D. Andrenko, Y. Kamenev
Wire gratings are widely used for different applications, such as polarizers, beam splitters, phase shifters and so on. Such gratings are fabricated by placing conducting wires within an aperture formed by a metal ring. When H-polarized electromagnetic wave is incident on the grating with electric vector is parallel to the grating wires, the wave is almost totally reflected by the grating as if it was a flat mirror. In the case of E-polarization (electric vector is perpendicular to the grating wires) the incident field is almost completely transmits through the grating. That feature allows us to use wire gratings as an output mirrors of THz lasers. Such mirrors give us an ability to modify and optimize a laser coupling coefficient with an external environment and provide controlling the polarization of the laser output beam without distortion.
{"title":"1D wire gratings transmission and reflection characteristics in the THZ range","authors":"S. D. Andrenko, Y. Kamenev","doi":"10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622187","url":null,"abstract":"Wire gratings are widely used for different applications, such as polarizers, beam splitters, phase shifters and so on. Such gratings are fabricated by placing conducting wires within an aperture formed by a metal ring. When H-polarized electromagnetic wave is incident on the grating with electric vector is parallel to the grating wires, the wave is almost totally reflected by the grating as if it was a flat mirror. In the case of E-polarization (electric vector is perpendicular to the grating wires) the incident field is almost completely transmits through the grating. That feature allows us to use wire gratings as an output mirrors of THz lasers. Such mirrors give us an ability to modify and optimize a laser coupling coefficient with an external environment and provide controlling the polarization of the laser output beam without distortion.","PeriodicalId":104362,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122440643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622179
Y. Rapoport, V. Grimalsky, Y. Kivshar, S. Koshevaya, C. Castrejon-M
Starting from the kinetic expression of 2D nonlinear electric current in the graphene, the new equation is derived, to simulate nonlinear THz electromagnetic wave propagation through layered graphene - dielectric lossy structures. A possibility of nonlinear switching of short THz pulses in multilayer structure is shown.
{"title":"Nonlinear switching of terahertz pulses in the structures with graphene layers","authors":"Y. Rapoport, V. Grimalsky, Y. Kivshar, S. Koshevaya, C. Castrejon-M","doi":"10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622179","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from the kinetic expression of 2D nonlinear electric current in the graphene, the new equation is derived, to simulate nonlinear THz electromagnetic wave propagation through layered graphene - dielectric lossy structures. A possibility of nonlinear switching of short THz pulses in multilayer structure is shown.","PeriodicalId":104362,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124062584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622086
D. Natarov, M. Marciniak, R. Sauleau
Focusing of waves using solid reflectors is widely used in optics and quasioptics, parabolic reflectors being the most popular and efficient ones. Periodically structured scatterers have been attracting attention of researchers for a long time because of the interesting effects of extraordinary large reflection, transmission and near-field enhancement [1-4]. For the finite periodic gratings of metal scatterers this is explained by effects of surface-plasmon (P) resonances, that are observed on sub-wavelength noble-metal particles and wires in the midinfrared and optical bands [5-7], and grating (G) resonances that are induced by the periodicity [3,4,8]. Excitation of plasmons leads to powerful enhancement of scattered and absorbed light. The wavelengths of the P-resonances depend mainly on the object shape and less on its dimensions. The wavelengths of the Gresonances lie near the Rayleigh wavelengths [9] of linear gratings and hence weakly depend on both the elementary wire shape and its dimension, provided that the wire size is a fraction of the period. In the wave scattering by sparse infinite gratings, G-resonances lead to almost total reflection of the incident field in narrow wavelength bands.
{"title":"Modeling of a discrete parabolic reflector made of sub-wavelength plasmonic wires","authors":"D. Natarov, M. Marciniak, R. Sauleau","doi":"10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622086","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing of waves using solid reflectors is widely used in optics and quasioptics, parabolic reflectors being the most popular and efficient ones. Periodically structured scatterers have been attracting attention of researchers for a long time because of the interesting effects of extraordinary large reflection, transmission and near-field enhancement [1-4]. For the finite periodic gratings of metal scatterers this is explained by effects of surface-plasmon (P) resonances, that are observed on sub-wavelength noble-metal particles and wires in the midinfrared and optical bands [5-7], and grating (G) resonances that are induced by the periodicity [3,4,8]. Excitation of plasmons leads to powerful enhancement of scattered and absorbed light. The wavelengths of the P-resonances depend mainly on the object shape and less on its dimensions. The wavelengths of the Gresonances lie near the Rayleigh wavelengths [9] of linear gratings and hence weakly depend on both the elementary wire shape and its dimension, provided that the wire size is a fraction of the period. In the wave scattering by sparse infinite gratings, G-resonances lead to almost total reflection of the incident field in narrow wavelength bands.","PeriodicalId":104362,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129249522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622018
D. Kuryliak
Let us consider three mixed boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in the conical region. Next we reduce the boundary value problem to the Wiener-Hopf equations applying Kontorovich-Lebedev integral transformation.
{"title":"Wiener-Hopf technique application to some diffraction problems in conical region","authors":"D. Kuryliak","doi":"10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622018","url":null,"abstract":"Let us consider three mixed boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in the conical region. Next we reduce the boundary value problem to the Wiener-Hopf equations applying Kontorovich-Lebedev integral transformation.","PeriodicalId":104362,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117210670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622019
I. Anisimov, V. O. Kulish
1. Cherenkov radioemission of electromagnetic waves caused by the point charge moving along the external magnetic field in the magnetoactive plasma is calculated using the direct solution of the motion equations of the plasma electrons. 2. The proposed method allows taking into account the nonlinear effects accompanying the Cherenkov radioemission. 3. It is shown that the influence of the excited field on the moving charge results in its deceleration. 4. Cherenkov radioemission can be interpreted as the radioemission of the plasma electrons' current excited by the electric field of the moving charge.
{"title":"Cherenkov radioemission of electromagnetic waves by the moving point charge in the magnetoactive plasma","authors":"I. Anisimov, V. O. Kulish","doi":"10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622019","url":null,"abstract":"1. Cherenkov radioemission of electromagnetic waves caused by the point charge moving along the external magnetic field in the magnetoactive plasma is calculated using the direct solution of the motion equations of the plasma electrons. 2. The proposed method allows taking into account the nonlinear effects accompanying the Cherenkov radioemission. 3. It is shown that the influence of the excited field on the moving charge results in its deceleration. 4. Cherenkov radioemission can be interpreted as the radioemission of the plasma electrons' current excited by the electric field of the moving charge.","PeriodicalId":104362,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117244770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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