Luai Abu-Ismail, Mohammad T Abuawwad, Mohammad J Taha, Almu'atasim Khamees, Dima Y Abu Ismail, Mohammad Sanwar, Yaqeen Al-Bustanji, Abdulqadir Nashwan, Omran Hamdan Alameri, Hamzeh Mohammad Alrawashdeh, Hashem Abu Serhan, Jocob Abu-Ismail
Introduction: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common and multifactorial disease of the ocular surface which causes visual disturbance and feelings of discomfort among patients. The prevalence rate among medical students is an important issue to consider. This study investigates the relationship between caffeine consumption, sleeping habits, use of electronic devices, and DED among a convenient sample of medical students in Jordan.
Methods: This cross-sectional online survey enrolled medical students from all six medical schools in Jordan. The questionnaire, which was shared via social media platforms, assessed socio-demographics, caffeine consumption amounts and patterns, sleep quality, and the use of electronic devices and their relation to ocular discomfort, DED, and related symptoms. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was also administered to quantify the symptoms of DED.
Results: A total of 1223 students participated in this study (RR=24.46%); 64% were females, and 43% were in their clinical placement years. Of the participants, 317 (25.92%) had normal eyes, and 906 (74.08%) had symptomatic DED. Of the students, 1206 (98.6%) used electronic devices directly before bed, and only 399 (32.62%) used blue-light-protective glasses. Lower DED risk was linked to male gender (OR=0.535, 95% CI 0.392-0.73, p <0.01), clinical years of medical school (OR=0.564, 95% CI 0.424-0.75, p<0.01). Poor sleep quality corresponded to more incidence of DED, regardless of sleeping for 5-6 hours (OR=3.046, 95% CI 1.299-7.139, p=0.01) or for less than 5 hours (OR=3.942, 95% CI 1.824-8.519, p<0.01). Also, caffeine consumption only marginally affected its incidence, but the results were statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: Female gender, basic science years, and spending more than 6 hours looking at screens were significantly associated with symptomatic DED. Caffeine consumption did not pose any significant risk to the incidence of DED.
干眼病(Dry eye disease, DED)是一种常见的多因素眼表疾病,可引起患者视觉障碍和不适。医学生的患病率是一个需要考虑的重要问题。本研究调查了在约旦方便的医科学生样本中咖啡因摄入、睡眠习惯、电子设备使用和DED之间的关系。方法:这项横断面在线调查招募了来自约旦所有六所医学院的医学生。该问卷通过社交媒体平台共享,评估了社会人口统计学、咖啡因摄入量和模式、睡眠质量、电子设备的使用及其与眼部不适、DED和相关症状的关系。用眼表疾病指数(OSDI)问卷来量化DED的症状。结果:共有1223名学生参与本研究(RR=24.46%);其中64%为女性,43%处于临床实习阶段。其中317例(25.92%)眼睛正常,906例(74.08%)有症状性DED。1206名(98.6%)学生睡前直接使用电子设备,399名(32.62%)学生睡前使用防蓝光眼镜。较低的DED风险与男性性别相关(OR=0.535, 95% CI 0.392-0.73, p)。结论:女性、基础科学年限、看屏幕时间超过6小时与症状性DED显著相关。咖啡因摄入对DED的发病率没有任何显著的风险。
{"title":"Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease Among Medical Students and Its Association with Sleep Habits, Use of Electronic Devices and Caffeine Consumption: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire.","authors":"Luai Abu-Ismail, Mohammad T Abuawwad, Mohammad J Taha, Almu'atasim Khamees, Dima Y Abu Ismail, Mohammad Sanwar, Yaqeen Al-Bustanji, Abdulqadir Nashwan, Omran Hamdan Alameri, Hamzeh Mohammad Alrawashdeh, Hashem Abu Serhan, Jocob Abu-Ismail","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S397022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S397022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dry eye disease (DED) is a common and multifactorial disease of the ocular surface which causes visual disturbance and feelings of discomfort among patients. The prevalence rate among medical students is an important issue to consider. This study investigates the relationship between caffeine consumption, sleeping habits, use of electronic devices, and DED among a convenient sample of medical students in Jordan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional online survey enrolled medical students from all six medical schools in Jordan. The questionnaire, which was shared via social media platforms, assessed socio-demographics, caffeine consumption amounts and patterns, sleep quality, and the use of electronic devices and their relation to ocular discomfort, DED, and related symptoms. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was also administered to quantify the symptoms of DED.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1223 students participated in this study (RR=24.46%); 64% were females, and 43% were in their clinical placement years. Of the participants, 317 (25.92%) had normal eyes, and 906 (74.08%) had symptomatic DED. Of the students, 1206 (98.6%) used electronic devices directly before bed, and only 399 (32.62%) used blue-light-protective glasses. Lower DED risk was linked to male gender (OR=0.535, 95% CI 0.392-0.73, p <0.01), clinical years of medical school (OR=0.564, 95% CI 0.424-0.75, p<0.01). Poor sleep quality corresponded to more incidence of DED, regardless of sleeping for 5-6 hours (OR=3.046, 95% CI 1.299-7.139, p=0.01) or for less than 5 hours (OR=3.942, 95% CI 1.824-8.519, p<0.01). Also, caffeine consumption only marginally affected its incidence, but the results were statistically insignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Female gender, basic science years, and spending more than 6 hours looking at screens were significantly associated with symptomatic DED. Caffeine consumption did not pose any significant risk to the incidence of DED.</p>","PeriodicalId":10442,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10081668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9336696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To compare between two accelerated corneal cross-linking (A-CXL) protocols in the management of keratoconus (KC) as regard to the extent of corneal treatment.
Methods: This retrospective, comparative study included patients having mild to moderate, progressive KC. The study population was divided into two groups; group 1 enrolled 103 eyes of 62 patients who received pulsed light A-CXL (pl-CXL) at a power of 30 mW/cm2 with an irradiation time of 4 minutes, while group 2 comprised 87 eyes of 51 patients who received continuous light A-CXL (cl-CXL) at a power of 12 mW/cm2 with an irradiation time of 10 minutes. Recordings of the central and peripheral demarcation line depths (DD), and the maximum (DDmax) and minimum (DDmin) DD, using anterior segment optical coherence tomography, were compared between the two studied groups one month after the treatment protocol. Treatment stability was also evaluated pre and postoperatively (one year following surgery) by comparing the refractive and keratometric outcomes in both groups.
Results: The differences between the preoperative corneal thickness (minimum and central) and the epithelial thickness measurements between both groups were not statistically significant. Although group 1 had slightly larger central DD (223.4 ± 62.3 um), DDmax (240.4 ± 61.8 um), and DDmin (201 ± 54 um) than those of group 2 (221.8 ± 37 um, 229.1 ± 38.4 um, and 212 ± 37.2 um, respectively), the differences between both groups' measurements were not statistically significant. Also, the two groups showed statistically insignificant differences regarding the subjective refraction and the average and maximum keratometry pre and postoperatively, denoting visual, refractive, and keratometric stability in both groups.
Conclusion: Longer duration cl-CXL seems to be as effective as pl-CXL regarding both postoperative stability and the extent of corneal tissue penetration by the ultraviolet treatment.
{"title":"Comparison Between Pulsed and Continuous Accelerated Corneal Cross-Linking Protocols.","authors":"Mohamed Omar Yousif, Rania Serag Elkitkat, Noha Abdelsadek Alaarag, Mouamen Moustafa Seleet, Ashraf Hassan Soliman","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S409178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S409178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare between two accelerated corneal cross-linking (A-CXL) protocols in the management of keratoconus (KC) as regard to the extent of corneal treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, comparative study included patients having mild to moderate, progressive KC. The study population was divided into two groups; group 1 enrolled 103 eyes of 62 patients who received pulsed light A-CXL (pl-CXL) at a power of 30 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> with an irradiation time of 4 minutes, while group 2 comprised 87 eyes of 51 patients who received continuous light A-CXL (cl-CXL) at a power of 12 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> with an irradiation time of 10 minutes. Recordings of the central and peripheral demarcation line depths (DD), and the maximum (DDmax) and minimum (DDmin) DD, using anterior segment optical coherence tomography, were compared between the two studied groups one month after the treatment protocol. Treatment stability was also evaluated pre and postoperatively (one year following surgery) by comparing the refractive and keratometric outcomes in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The differences between the preoperative corneal thickness (minimum and central) and the epithelial thickness measurements between both groups were not statistically significant. Although group 1 had slightly larger central DD (223.4 ± 62.3 um), DDmax (240.4 ± 61.8 um), and DDmin (201 ± 54 um) than those of group 2 (221.8 ± 37 um, 229.1 ± 38.4 um, and 212 ± 37.2 um, respectively), the differences between both groups' measurements were not statistically significant. Also, the two groups showed statistically insignificant differences regarding the subjective refraction and the average and maximum keratometry pre and postoperatively, denoting visual, refractive, and keratometric stability in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Longer duration cl-CXL seems to be as effective as pl-CXL regarding both postoperative stability and the extent of corneal tissue penetration by the ultraviolet treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10442,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/0b/opth-17-1407.PMC10199693.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9503748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Encircling (360 degree) retinal detachment prophylaxis using indirect ophthalmoscope laser delivery recently achieved strong proof of safety and effectiveness by preventing the development of peripheral retinal tears and detachments in the eyes of patients with Stickler syndrome (syndromic eyes). Untreated, Stickler syndrome patients have a 65% lifetime risk of retinal detachment (half by age 20, 80% bilateral). This report describes an optimal technique of encircling laser retinopexy to also prevent the more common retinal detachments seen in aging (non-syndromic) eyes that share with Stickler syndrome the common pathogenesis of peripheral retinal tears caused by vitreous traction.
{"title":"Preventing Retinal Detachment: The Encircling Laser Retinopexy Technique.","authors":"Robert E Morris, Ferenc Kuhn, Cole Richardson","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S406337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S406337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Encircling (360 degree) retinal detachment prophylaxis using indirect ophthalmoscope laser delivery recently achieved strong proof of safety and effectiveness by preventing the development of peripheral retinal tears and detachments in the eyes of patients with Stickler syndrome (syndromic eyes). Untreated, Stickler syndrome patients have a 65% lifetime risk of retinal detachment (half by age 20, 80% bilateral). This report describes an optimal technique of encircling laser retinopexy to also prevent the more common retinal detachments seen in aging (non-syndromic) eyes that share with Stickler syndrome the common pathogenesis of peripheral retinal tears caused by vitreous traction.</p>","PeriodicalId":10442,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/28/0a/opth-17-1505.PMC10239236.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9576448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mario Graziano, Danilo Biondino, Isabella Fioretto
{"title":"Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas: The Utility of Ocular Echography in Their Differentiation [Letter].","authors":"Mario Graziano, Danilo Biondino, Isabella Fioretto","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S420582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S420582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10442,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/86/opth-17-1421.PMC10216863.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9583850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Previous studies have shown that it is necessary to evaluate adherence during the treatment process, using educational intervention methods which have been shown to improve adherence with patching treatment. A previous study reported that an educational cartoon had significantly improved adherence with patching. However, this black-white cartoon is not commercially available.
Objective: This study investigates the feasibility of a 4-minute educational cartoon video in improving adherence with patching therapy for amblyopic children.
Methods: Children (3 to 10 years old) with unilateral amblyopia who were prescribed 2 hours or 6 hours of patching per day were enrolled. Objective adherence to the treatment was tracked using a microsensor. Children returned after 4 weeks ± 2 days to measure adherence. Participants with adherence ≤50% were eligible to watch the educational cartoon video. They continued with the previously prescribed treatment (2 hours or 6 hours patching) for an additional week to evaluate the follow-up adherence.
Results: A total of 27 participants were enrolled. The mean age (SD) was 6.6 (1.5) years. Twenty-two participants (12 in the 2 hours patching group and 10 in the 6 hours patching group) had adherence ≤50% and watched our cartoon video. The cartoon video improved mean adherence (SD) from 29.6% (11.9%) to 56.8% (12.1%) in all 22 participants from both regimens (paired 2-tailed t-test, t= -11, P < 0.000).
Conclusion: The Educational cartoon video is feasible for use in a clinical setting. These data showed a trend of improvement in adherence with both patching regimens in children after watching the educational cartoon video.
背景:以往的研究表明,有必要在治疗过程中评估依从性,使用教育干预方法已被证明可以提高贴片治疗的依从性。先前的一项研究报告说,教育卡通能显著提高贴片的依从性。然而,这种黑白漫画并不是市售的。目的:探讨一段4分钟的教育卡通短片对提高弱视儿童贴片治疗依从性的可行性。方法:选取3 ~ 10岁单侧弱视儿童,每天配片2小时或6小时。使用微传感器跟踪治疗的客观依从性。儿童在4周±2天后返回以测量依从性。依从性≤50%的参与者有资格观看教育卡通视频。他们继续先前规定的治疗(2小时或6小时补片)额外一周,以评估随访依从性。结果:共纳入27名受试者。平均年龄(SD) 6.6(1.5)岁。22名受试者(2小时补片组12名,6小时补片组10名)的依从性≤50%,并观看了我们的卡通视频。卡通视频将两种方案的22名参与者的平均依从性(SD)从29.6%(11.9%)提高到56.8%(12.1%)(配对双尾t检验,t= -11, P < 0.000)。结论:教学卡通视频在临床应用是可行的。这些数据显示,在观看教育卡通视频后,儿童对两种贴片方案的依从性都有改善的趋势。
{"title":"The Feasibility of an Educational Cartoon Video for Improving Adherence with Amblyopia Treatment in Children.","authors":"Saeed Aljohani, Jingyun Wang, Mitchell Scheiman, Qing-Qing Tan, Hongxin Xu, Nawaf Almutairi, Saleh Alshammeri","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S415892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S415892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have shown that it is necessary to evaluate adherence during the treatment process, using educational intervention methods which have been shown to improve adherence with patching treatment. A previous study reported that an educational cartoon had significantly improved adherence with patching. However, this black-white cartoon is not commercially available.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the feasibility of a 4-minute educational cartoon video in improving adherence with patching therapy for amblyopic children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children (3 to 10 years old) with unilateral amblyopia who were prescribed 2 hours or 6 hours of patching per day were enrolled. Objective adherence to the treatment was tracked using a microsensor. Children returned after 4 weeks ± 2 days to measure adherence. Participants with adherence ≤50% were eligible to watch the educational cartoon video. They continued with the previously prescribed treatment (2 hours or 6 hours patching) for an additional week to evaluate the follow-up adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 27 participants were enrolled. The mean age (SD) was 6.6 (1.5) years. Twenty-two participants (12 in the 2 hours patching group and 10 in the 6 hours patching group) had adherence ≤50% and watched our cartoon video. The cartoon video improved mean adherence (SD) from 29.6% (11.9%) to 56.8% (12.1%) in all 22 participants from both regimens (paired 2-tailed <i>t</i>-test, <i>t</i>= -11, <i>P</i> < 0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Educational cartoon video is feasible for use in a clinical setting. These data showed a trend of improvement in adherence with both patching regimens in children after watching the educational cartoon video.</p>","PeriodicalId":10442,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b4/31/opth-17-1639.PMC10257930.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9618074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathan R Jensen, Emilie L Ungricht, Jacob T Harris, Brian Zaugg, William R Barlow, Michael S Murri, Randall J Olson, Jeff H Pettey
Purpose: To understand the role of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) in corneal incision contracture (CIC). Specifically, the aim was to evaluate with the tip of the phacoemulsification needle free of OVD, how various OVDs near the tip and sleeve may transmit thermal energy to the incision site.
Methods: A small chamber was filled with balanced saline solution (BSS), and a thin membrane was placed on the surface. OVD was placed atop the membrane. A temperature probe was placed in the OVD, while the handpiece pierced the membrane. The experiment was run both with and without flow and vacuum. Temperature measurements were gathered for each of the OVDs at four separate time points at 0 and 20mL/min flow.
Results: As expected, there was a more pronounced temperature increase in all test groups with no fluid flow. While the temperature increase was not significantly different from BSS for any of the OVDs tested at either 0 or 20mL/min, Viscoat showed the most variable results at both flow settings.
Conclusion: As long as the phaco tip is not in OVD, residual OVD near the incision is not exothermic and so not an additional risk for CIC.
{"title":"Temperature Change of Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices in a Bi-Chamber Set-Up at a Flow of 0 and 20mL/min.","authors":"Nathan R Jensen, Emilie L Ungricht, Jacob T Harris, Brian Zaugg, William R Barlow, Michael S Murri, Randall J Olson, Jeff H Pettey","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S389136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S389136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To understand the role of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) in corneal incision contracture (CIC). Specifically, the aim was to evaluate with the tip of the phacoemulsification needle free of OVD, how various OVDs near the tip and sleeve may transmit thermal energy to the incision site.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A small chamber was filled with balanced saline solution (BSS), and a thin membrane was placed on the surface. OVD was placed atop the membrane. A temperature probe was placed in the OVD, while the handpiece pierced the membrane. The experiment was run both with and without flow and vacuum. Temperature measurements were gathered for each of the OVDs at four separate time points at 0 and 20mL/min flow.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, there was a more pronounced temperature increase in all test groups with no fluid flow. While the temperature increase was not significantly different from BSS for any of the OVDs tested at either 0 or 20mL/min, Viscoat showed the most variable results at both flow settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As long as the phaco tip is not in OVD, residual OVD near the incision is not exothermic and so not an additional risk for CIC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10442,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/cb/opth-17-555.PMC9926926.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10117878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Khan, Aamir A Aziz, Humza Sulahria, Huma Khan, Abrahim Ahmed, Netan Choudhry, Raja Narayanan, Carl Danzig, Arshad M Khanani
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized as a chronic, multifactorial disease and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Advanced AMD is classified as neovascular (wet) AMD and non-neovascular (dry) AMD. Dry AMD can progress to a more advanced form that manifests as geographic atrophy (GA), which significantly threatens vision, leading to progressive and irreversible loss of visual function. There are currently no approved therapeutics commercially available for GA patients. However, data from various clinical trials have demonstrated favorable results with significant reduction in GA lesion growth. This review furthers the understanding of the pathophysiology of GA, as well as current clinical trial data on investigational therapeutics.
{"title":"Emerging Treatment Options for Geographic Atrophy (GA) Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","authors":"Hannah Khan, Aamir A Aziz, Humza Sulahria, Huma Khan, Abrahim Ahmed, Netan Choudhry, Raja Narayanan, Carl Danzig, Arshad M Khanani","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S367089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S367089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized as a chronic, multifactorial disease and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Advanced AMD is classified as neovascular (wet) AMD and non-neovascular (dry) AMD. Dry AMD can progress to a more advanced form that manifests as geographic atrophy (GA), which significantly threatens vision, leading to progressive and irreversible loss of visual function. There are currently no approved therapeutics commercially available for GA patients. However, data from various clinical trials have demonstrated favorable results with significant reduction in GA lesion growth. This review furthers the understanding of the pathophysiology of GA, as well as current clinical trial data on investigational therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10442,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/90/dc/opth-17-321.PMC9892637.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10661455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kumari Neelam, Khin Chaw Yu Aung, Keven Ang, Subramaniam Tavintharan, Chee Fang Sum, Su Chi Lim
Objective: To examine the association of triglyceride glucose (TyG) index (product of fasting triglyceride and glucose) with prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes.
Methods: 1339 patients from an ongoing Singapore Study of Macro-angiopathy and Micro-Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D) were included in this study. Fasting triglyceride and glucose levels were quantified and color fundus photographs were assessed for DR presence and severity. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of TyG index with DR prevalence and incidence (median follow-up period = 3.2 years).
Results: Mean TyG index was higher in patients with DR than no DR (9.24±0.7 versus 9.04± 0.6, p<0.001). TyG index was significantly associated with DR prevalence (OR=1.4, CI 1.1-1.7, p=0.002) and incidence (OR=1.8, CI 1.04-2.9, p=0.03), after adjusting for confounders. In a stratified analysis, the association between TyG index and DR prevalence reached significance only in the subgroup with HbA1c levels < 7.0% (OR=2, CI 1.1-3.8, p=0.03). TyG index significantly predicted DR prevalence and incidence with area under receiver operating curve as 0.77 (CI 0.74-0.80, p <0.001) and 0.66 (CI 0.57-0.76, p value <0.01), respectively.
Conclusion: TyG index is a good predictor for DR prevalence and incidence. It can also be a secondary treatment target for patients with optimally controlled levels of HbA1c.
目的:探讨甘油三酯葡萄糖(TyG)指数(空腹甘油三酯与葡萄糖的乘积)与2型糖尿病糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患病率和发病率的关系。方法:1339例患者来自正在进行的新加坡2型糖尿病大血管病变和微血管反应性研究(SMART2D)。空腹甘油三酯和葡萄糖水平被量化,眼底彩色照片被评估DR的存在和严重程度。采用Logistic回归模型评估TyG指数与DR患病率和发病率的关系(中位随访期= 3.2年)。结果:有DR患者的TyG指数高于无DR患者(9.24±0.7 vs 9.04±0.6)。结论:TyG指数是预测DR患病率和发病率的良好指标。它也可以作为HbA1c水平控制最佳的患者的次要治疗靶点。
{"title":"Association of Triglyceride Glucose Index with Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Singaporean Population.","authors":"Kumari Neelam, Khin Chaw Yu Aung, Keven Ang, Subramaniam Tavintharan, Chee Fang Sum, Su Chi Lim","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S382336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S382336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association of triglyceride glucose (TyG) index (product of fasting triglyceride and glucose) with prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1339 patients from an ongoing Singapore Study of Macro-angiopathy and Micro-Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D) were included in this study. Fasting triglyceride and glucose levels were quantified and color fundus photographs were assessed for DR presence and severity. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of TyG index with DR prevalence and incidence (median follow-up period = 3.2 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean TyG index was higher in patients with DR than no DR (9.24±0.7 versus 9.04± 0.6, p<0.001). TyG index was significantly associated with DR prevalence (OR=1.4, CI 1.1-1.7, p=0.002) and incidence (OR=1.8, CI 1.04-2.9, p=0.03), after adjusting for confounders. In a stratified analysis, the association between TyG index and DR prevalence reached significance only in the subgroup with HbA1c levels < 7.0% (OR=2, CI 1.1-3.8, p=0.03). TyG index significantly predicted DR prevalence and incidence with area under receiver operating curve as 0.77 (CI 0.74-0.80, p <0.001) and 0.66 (CI 0.57-0.76, p value <0.01), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TyG index is a good predictor for DR prevalence and incidence. It can also be a secondary treatment target for patients with optimally controlled levels of HbA1c.</p>","PeriodicalId":10442,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/2c/opth-17-445.PMC9901446.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10681618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artur Małyszczak, Magdalena Żyto, Joanna Przeździecka-Dołyk, Marta Misiuk-Hojło
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationships between foveal avascular zone (FAZ), foveal vascular density (FD) and GCC (ganglion cell complex) parameters in a healthy myopic population using optical coherence tomography angiography (angio-OCT).
Patients and methods: Three hundred and eighty-one eyes of 381 healthy participants were included into this study and assigned to three groups according to their spherical equivalent (SE) values and an additional progressive myopia group. One randomly chosen eye from each patient was analyzed. GCC mean thickness, focal loss of volume (FLV), global loss of volume (GLV), FAZ area, FAZ perimeter, and FD parameters were obtained with the RTVue AngioOCT device.
Results: FAZ area and its perimeter were strongly correlated with the belonging spherical equivalent group (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0008 accordingly), being the largest in progressive myopia subgroup (mean size 0.42mm2). Other factors that were significantly higher in myopic eyes were FLV (p = 0.0023), GLV (p = 0.0020). There were no differences in FD between groups. In the myopic and progressive myopia groups, there was a significant relationship between FAZ area and FLV, GLV, and GCC thickness. We found that in myopic eyes with AXL exceeding 26.6 mm, FAZ becomes negatively correlated to mean GCC thickness.
Conclusion: In myopia, compared to non-myopic groups, there is a greater loss of neural tissue represented by a thinner GCC layer, greater FLV and GLV parameters, and worse blood supply represented by a larger FAZ area. Eye axial length of 26.6 mm is a breaking point, where the negative FAZ area to GCC thickness relationship curve is getting significantly steeper.
{"title":"Macular Vascularity and Ganglion Cell Complex Parameters in the Young Adults with Myopia and Progressive Myopia.","authors":"Artur Małyszczak, Magdalena Żyto, Joanna Przeździecka-Dołyk, Marta Misiuk-Hojło","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S389963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S389963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to determine the relationships between foveal avascular zone (FAZ), foveal vascular density (FD) and GCC (ganglion cell complex) parameters in a healthy myopic population using optical coherence tomography angiography (angio-OCT).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Three hundred and eighty-one eyes of 381 healthy participants were included into this study and assigned to three groups according to their spherical equivalent (SE) values and an additional progressive myopia group. One randomly chosen eye from each patient was analyzed. GCC mean thickness, focal loss of volume (FLV), global loss of volume (GLV), FAZ area, FAZ perimeter, and FD parameters were obtained with the RTVue AngioOCT device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FAZ area and its perimeter were strongly correlated with the belonging spherical equivalent group (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0008 accordingly), being the largest in progressive myopia subgroup (mean size 0.42mm<sup>2</sup>). Other factors that were significantly higher in myopic eyes were FLV (p = 0.0023), GLV (p = 0.0020). There were no differences in FD between groups. In the myopic and progressive myopia groups, there was a significant relationship between FAZ area and FLV, GLV, and GCC thickness. We found that in myopic eyes with AXL exceeding 26.6 mm, FAZ becomes negatively correlated to mean GCC thickness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In myopia, compared to non-myopic groups, there is a greater loss of neural tissue represented by a thinner GCC layer, greater FLV and GLV parameters, and worse blood supply represented by a larger FAZ area. Eye axial length of 26.6 mm is a breaking point, where the negative FAZ area to GCC thickness relationship curve is getting significantly steeper.</p>","PeriodicalId":10442,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/11/28/opth-17-561.PMC9930574.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10762922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omar Trabelsi, Mejda Bouladi, Amel Ouertani, Ahmed Trabelsi
Background: To evaluate retinal reattachment, visual functional results, and complications rates after total tamponade (TT) with perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) and silicone oil (SO) for 2 days followed by PFCL-SO exchange in complex retinal detachment (RD).
Methods: Retrospective study including 52 consecutive eyes with complex RD and advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy, who underwent vitrectomy with TT. Patients underwent first surgery by 25-Gauge vitrectomy and partial PFCL-SO exchange (approximately 60% PFCL 40% SO fill) followed by second surgery with extraction of the PFCL and complete SO fill.
Results: After a mean follow-up period of 25.15 ± 6.6 months, the retina remained reattached in 48/52 eyes (92.3%) including 28 eyes (58.3%) without SO and 20 eyes (41.7%) with prolonged SO tamponade. Visual acuity improved in 45 eyes (86.6%) (P<0.001), remained stable in 4 eyes (7.7%) and decreased in 3 eyes (5.7%). Complications consisted in mild anterior chamber inflammation in 10 eyes, ocular hypertension in 12 eyes, and cataract in 10 eyes.
Conclusion: Two-day TT with PFCL and SO may be considered in complex RD with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy especially in monocular patients. Further studies with longer follow-up period and retinal electrophysiologic assessment may be needed.
{"title":"Short-Term Total Tamponade with Perfluorocarbon Liquid and Silicone Oil in Complex Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment with Severe Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy.","authors":"Omar Trabelsi, Mejda Bouladi, Amel Ouertani, Ahmed Trabelsi","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S400156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S400156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate retinal reattachment, visual functional results, and complications rates after total tamponade (TT) with perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) and silicone oil (SO) for 2 days followed by PFCL-SO exchange in complex retinal detachment (RD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study including 52 consecutive eyes with complex RD and advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy, who underwent vitrectomy with TT. Patients underwent first surgery by 25-Gauge vitrectomy and partial PFCL-SO exchange (approximately 60% PFCL 40% SO fill) followed by second surgery with extraction of the PFCL and complete SO fill.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a mean follow-up period of 25.15 ± 6.6 months, the retina remained reattached in 48/52 eyes (92.3%) including 28 eyes (58.3%) without SO and 20 eyes (41.7%) with prolonged SO tamponade. Visual acuity improved in 45 eyes (86.6%) (<i>P</i><0.001), remained stable in 4 eyes (7.7%) and decreased in 3 eyes (5.7%). Complications consisted in mild anterior chamber inflammation in 10 eyes, ocular hypertension in 12 eyes, and cataract in 10 eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two-day TT with PFCL and SO may be considered in complex RD with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy especially in monocular patients. Further studies with longer follow-up period and retinal electrophysiologic assessment may be needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10442,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/39/opth-17-515.PMC9922565.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10794019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}