Clinical Microbiology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Isoniazid resistance pattern among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Bangladesh: An exploratory study","authors":"Syed Mohammad Mazidur Rahman ,&nbsp;Pushpita Samina ,&nbsp;Tanjina Rahman ,&nbsp;Ahammad Shafiq Sikder Adel ,&nbsp;Rumana Nasrin ,&nbsp;Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin ,&nbsp;Md Jahid Hasan ,&nbsp;Shahriar Ahmed ,&nbsp;Paul Daru ,&nbsp;Pronab Kumar Modak ,&nbsp;Md Abdul Hamid Salim ,&nbsp;Sardar Munim Ibna Mohsin ,&nbsp;Sayera Banu","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries such as Bangladesh, research and policy tend to focus on rifampicin (RIF)-resistant TB patients, leaving RIF-sensitive but isoniazid (INH)-resistant (Hr-TB) patients undiagnosed. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of INH resistance among pulmonary TB patients in selected health care facilities in Bangladesh.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was conducted across nine TB Screening and Treatment Centres situated in Bangladesh. Sputum samples from 1084 Xpert-positive pulmonary TB patients were collected between April 2021 and December 2022 and cultured for drug susceptibility testing. Demographic and clinical characteristics of Hr-TB and drug-susceptible TB patients were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among available drug susceptibility testing results of 998 culture-positive isolates, the resistance rate of any INH regardless of RIF susceptibility was 6.4% (64/998, 95% CI: 4.9–8.2). The rate was significantly higher in previously treated (21.1%, 16/76, 95% CI: 12.0–34.2) compared with newly diagnosed TB patients (5.2%, 48/922, 95% CI: 3.8–6.9) (p &lt; 0.001). The rate of Hr-TB was 4.5% (45/998, 95% CI: 3.3–6.0), which was also higher among previously treated patients (6.6%, 5/76, 95% CI: 1.4–13.5) compared with newly diagnosed TB patients (4.3%; 40/922, 95% CI: 3.1–5.9) (p 0.350). Most importantly, the rate of Hr-TB was more than double compared with MDR-TB (4.5%, 45/998, vs. 1.9%, 19/998) found in the current study.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study reveals a high prevalence of Hr-TB, surpassing even that of the multi-drug-resistant TB in Bangladesh. This emphasizes the urgent need to adopt WHO-recommended molecular tools at the national level for rapid detection of INH resistance so that patients receive timely and appropriate treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 220-225"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global vaccination against hepatitis E virus: position paper from the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Viral Hepatitis Study Group","authors":"Susanne Dudman ,&nbsp;Arjana Zerja ,&nbsp;İmran Hasanoğlu ,&nbsp;Simona Ruta ,&nbsp;Berend van Welzen ,&nbsp;Laura Ambra Nicolini ,&nbsp;Paul Yonga ,&nbsp;Joakim Øverbø ,&nbsp;Sumit Rawat ,&nbsp;Selma Habibovic ,&nbsp;Tan Bou Kim ,&nbsp;Antonio Rivero-Juarez ,&nbsp;ESGVH members","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Scope</h3><div>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant global health issue, impacting both low- and middle-income countries and industrialized nations. HEV genotypes 1 and 2, primarily transmitted through contaminated water, are endemic in low- and middle-income countries, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotically transmitted in industrialized regions. Acute HEV infection poses severe risks, particularly to pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals, whereas chronic HEV infection leads to serious complications in those with pre-existing liver disease and transplant recipients. The development of an HEV vaccine offers new prevention opportunities, though its availability and integration into global immunization programmes remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This position paper was developed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Viral Hepatitis Study Group through an extensive review of clinical data, safety profiles, efficacy, and immunogenicity of HEV vaccines. The study group focused particularly on high-risk and special populations, synthesizing global health insights and incorporating recommendations from the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts to formulate strategies for wider HEV vaccination use.</div></div><div><h3>Questions addressed in the position paper</h3><div>The position paper evaluates the efficacy and safety of HEV vaccines in both general and special populations. It identifies key barriers to the integration of HEV vaccines into routine immunization programmes, including infrastructure limitations, costs, and vaccine accessibility. The paper also proposes strategies to overcome these challenges and improve vaccine distribution. Furthermore, it addresses ways to enhance public awareness and international cooperation to promote HEV vaccination efforts globally.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Viral Hepatitis Study Group recommends HEV vaccination for high-risk groups, including women of childbearing age, patients with chronic liver diseases, and immunosuppressed individuals. Prioritizing investments in vaccine logistics, integrating diagnostics, and educational outreach can enhance uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 201-210"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eradication of community-onset Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage: a narrative review","authors":"Annette C. Westgeest ,&nbsp;Jaap L.J. Hanssen ,&nbsp;Mark G.J. de Boer ,&nbsp;Emile F. Schippers ,&nbsp;Merel M.C. Lambregts","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) colonization increases infection risk in both patients and healthy individuals. Decolonization therapy has been proven to reduce <em>S. aureus</em> infections, but data on the effectiveness of individual decolonization strategies in community-onset MRSA carriage are scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the evidence on strategies for the elimination of MRSA colonization in community-onset MRSA carriers.</div></div><div><h3>Sources</h3><div>PubMed database was searched for studies on MRSA eradication, from inception to July 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Content</h3><div>Topical therapy is proven to be effective in nasal-only carriage and in temporary load reduction. Mupirocin nasal ointment in combination with chlorhexidine body wash is highly effective in nasal-only MRSA carriers in the community as well. In patients with extra-nasal colonization, addition of orally administered antibiotics likely increases success rates compared with topical therapy alone. Studies on systemic treatment of extra-nasal MRSA decolonization are subject to a high heterogeneity of antimicrobial agents, treatment duration, and control groups. The majority of evidence supports the use of a combination of topical therapy with rifampin and another antimicrobial agent. Decolonization treatment with probiotics is a promising novel non-antibiotic strategy. However, achieving long-term decolonization is more likely in countries with low MRSA prevalence, given the risk of recolonization in a context of high MRSA prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The decision to pursue community-onset MRSA eradication treatment in the individual patient should be based on the combination of the treatment objective (short-term bacterial load reduction in health care settings vs. long-term eradication in community settings), and the likelihood of successful decolonization. The latter is influenced by both individual risk factors for treatment failure, and the risk of recolonization. The addition of a combination of systemic antibiotics is rational for extra-nasal long-term decolonization. To determine the most effective systemic antimicrobial agents in MRSA decolonization, more research is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139432473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Quantifying the long-term effects of measles infection’: author's response","authors":"Ella Dor ,&nbsp;Ronen Fluss ,&nbsp;Ariel Israel ,&nbsp;Amit Huppert","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Page 303"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of C-reactive protein point-of-care testing on antibiotic prescriptions for children and adults with suspected respiratory tract infections in primary care: author's response","authors":"Camille Jung ,&nbsp;Xavier Wang ,&nbsp;Corinne Levy ,&nbsp;Robert Cohen ,&nbsp;Robert Touitou","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 306-307"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales emerging in Finland's capital region over 2010–2023: increasing proportion of CPE cases first detected in clinical samples","authors":"Mikael Kajova ,&nbsp;Tamim Khawaja ,&nbsp;Katariina Kainulainen ,&nbsp;Anu Kantele","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 296-297"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poliomyelitis in Gaza","authors":"Nitin Gupta ,&nbsp;Martin P. Grobusch ,&nbsp;Pikka Jokelainen ,&nbsp;Anne L. Wyllie ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Barac ,&nbsp;Marta Mora-Rillo ,&nbsp;Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas ,&nbsp;Galadriel Pellejero-Sagastizabal ,&nbsp;José Ramón Paño-Pardo ,&nbsp;Erwin Duizer ,&nbsp;François-Xavier Lescure","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 154-156"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and mycological outcomes of candidaemia and/or invasive candidiasis by Candida spp. and antifungal susceptibility: pooled analyses of two randomized trials of rezafungin versus caspofungin","authors":"Alex Soriano ,&nbsp;Jeffrey B. Locke ,&nbsp;Oliver A. Cornely ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Roilides ,&nbsp;Antonio Ramos-Martinez ,&nbsp;Patrick M. Honoré ,&nbsp;Mariana Castanheira ,&nbsp;Cecilia G. Carvalhaes ,&nbsp;Saad Nseir ,&nbsp;Matteo Bassetti ,&nbsp;Nick Manamley ,&nbsp;Taylor Sandison ,&nbsp;Maiken C. Arendrup","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.11.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.11.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A post hoc analysis used pooled STRIVE/ReSTORE trial data to determine outcomes with rezafungin versus caspofungin by <em>Candida</em> species and antifungal susceptibility.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The efficacy and safety of once weekly rezafungin 400/200 mg versus once daily caspofungin 70/50 mg was demonstrated in the randomized, double-blind phase 2 STRIVE (NCT02734862) and phase 3 ReSTORE (NCT03667690) trials involving adults with candidaemia and/or invasive candidiasis. In this analysis, data were pooled for patients with a documented <em>Candida</em> infection within 96 hours of randomization who also received ≥1 dose of study drug. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by <em>Candida</em> species and baseline MICs. Susceptibility was determined using European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing E.Def 7.4 broth microdilution methodology, with Tween 20-supplemented medium for rezafungin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 294 patients were included (rezafungin: <em>N =</em> 139, caspofungin: <em>N =</em> 155). Susceptibility testing at baseline identified three rezafungin non-susceptible isolates. Day 14 global cure rates were numerically similar between groups for <em>C. albicans</em> (rezafungin: 61.0% [36/59], caspofungin: 65.2% [45/69]) and <em>C. tropicalis</em> (rezafungin: 70.4% [19/27], caspofungin: 63.6% [14/22]), but higher with rezafungin than caspofungin for <em>C. glabrata</em> (rezafungin: 71.1% [27/38], caspofungin: 60.0% [21/35]) and <em>C. parapsilosis</em> (rezafungin: 78.6% [11/44], caspofungin: 55.6% [15/27]). Day 30 all-cause mortality rates were numerically similar between groups for <em>C. albicans</em> (rezafungin: 22.0% [13/59], caspofungin: 18.8% [13/69]) and <em>C. glabrata</em> (rezafungin: 15.8% [6/38], caspofungin: 11.4% [4/35]), but higher with caspofungin than rezafungin for <em>C. tropicalis</em> (rezafungin: 18.5% [5/27], caspofungin: 31.8% [2/22]) and <em>C. parapsilosis</em> (rezafungin: 7.1% [1/14], caspofungin: 29.6% [8/27]). Day 5/14 mycological eradication rates were numerically similar between treatments for <em>C. albicans</em> and <em>C. parapsilosis</em>, but higher with rezafungin for <em>C. glabrata</em> and <em>C. tropicalis</em>. Outcomes by <em>Candida</em> species were not associated with treatment-specific MICs.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Rezafungin appears to be an effective treatment for candidaemia/invasive candidiasis irrespective of baseline <em>Candida</em> species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 250-257"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious diseases ethics: a worldwide survey","authors":"Elda Righi ,&nbsp;Massimo Mirandola ,&nbsp;Alessandra Agnese Grossi ,&nbsp;Murat Akova ,&nbsp;Evelina Tacconelli ,&nbsp;Anna Fratucello ,&nbsp;Asma Nasim ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Barac ,&nbsp;Dafna Yahav","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>COVID-19 unravelled new ethical issues in the neglected field of infectious diseases ethics (IDE). We investigated IDE involvement among infectious diseases professionals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A global survey was disseminated during 2021–2022. Responses were stratified by demographics, WHO region, income, and ethics training. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify two themes representing IDE relevant areas (theme 1, including stigma, inequity, vulnerability, public health, and global impact) and emerging topics (theme 2, including inequity and research integrity in COVID-19, increased ethics interest, and gaps in IDE). Quantile and logistic regression analyses investigated determinants of ethics themes and responders' ethics attitude.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 477 participants from 71 countries. Most were females (282/460, 61%) and clinicians (327/457, 72%). Participants advocated further personal (289/443, 65%) or societies' (374/450, 83%) involvement in bioethics. Only 5% (22/477) of respondents claimed to have received enough bioethics training and 28% (114/412) were dissatisfied with it. Dedicated courses or expert case discussion were the preferred ways for receiving education in bioethics. Theme 1 and 2 median values were above 7 (on a 1–10 scale), showing high interest in IDE. Confirmatory factor analysis showed optimal and acceptable fit, respectively. Being from the region of Americas was associated with theme 1, whereas having received bioethics training was associated with both themes. Females and respondents from the Americas and Europe regions reported lower involvement in bioethics activities, whereas those aged between 44 and 54 years and trained in bioethics were more involved. Age above 55 years and nonclinical role were negatively associated with aspiration for further bioethics involvement.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>We identified IDE themes that can inform on gaps in bioethics. Ethics training was associated with interest in IDE and bioethics activities and should be offered to integrate this discipline into daily clinical practice across age, gender, and different areas worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 282-289"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which trial do we need? Shorter antifungal treatment for candidemia – challenging the 14-day dogma","authors":"Nico Bekaan ,&nbsp;Oliver A. Cornely ,&nbsp;Tim Friede ,&nbsp;Jürgen Prattes ,&nbsp;Rosanne Sprute ,&nbsp;Martin Hellmich ,&nbsp;Philipp Koehler ,&nbsp;Jon Salmanton-García ,&nbsp;Jannik Stemler ,&nbsp;Ilana Reinhold","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 147-151"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}