Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry最新文献

Purpose: With the demand for better efficiency during endodontic therapy, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficiency of ethyl acetate (EthOAc) extract of Matricaria chamomilla (L.) against Enterococcus faecalis and compare with standard root canal irrigation solutions.

Material and methods: The antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis of the EthOAc extract of Matricaria chamomilla was assessed without, or with dentine powder, using agar disk diffusion method. The inhibition zones induced by the EthOAc extract were observed after 5 minutes, 60 minutes, and 24 hours and compared with standard irrigation solutions (2% chlorhexidine and 2% sodium hypochlorite) without, or after mixing with dentine powder. Statistical analysis of the results were analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way ANOVA.

Results: There was no inhibition zone in samples with and without dentine powder after combination of ethyl acetate extract of Matricaria chamomilla with sodium hypochlorite. When the extract was used alone in samples without dentine powder, the inhibition zone was 9.7 mm after 24 h, but this zone was decreased after adding dentine powder (7.7 mm). When the extract was used in combination with CHX, the inhibition zone in samples with dentine powder was 25.3 mm, but it was decreased after adding dentine powder (21.7 mm).

Conclusion: The EthOAc extract of Matricaria chamomilla as alternative root canal irrigant may be a useful natural agent with antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. Also, it showed promising results in endodontic therapy after combination with chlorhexidine in Enterococcus faecalis eradication.

Background: Naswar, a smokeless tobacco product, commonly consumed in Pakistan, is associated with a 10-fold increase in the risk of oral cancer. However, little is known about Naswar's underlying toxicity mechanisms.

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Naswar use on oral health and salivary parameters.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted among Naswar users (n=42) and age-matched healthy controls (n=42) in Pakistan in 2019. Participant data were collected using questionnaires. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores were computed during clinical examinations. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected to assess salivary flow rate, pH, and salivary total oxidative stress (TOS)/total antioxidant capacity (TAC) using commercially available kits. Participants' oral health parameters were compared between cases and controls using ANOVA.

Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, oral health, and hygiene practices and mean DMFT score. Mean salivary pH and the salivary flow rate was significantly (p<0.001) higher in Naswar users (7.7 and 0.71 mL/minute, respectively) than in non-users (6.95 and 0.52 mL/minute, respectively). Although TOS and TAC were not significantly different between the groups, Naswar users generally had a higher TOS (51.6±42 µmol/L) and lower TAC (0.55±0.18 mmol/L) than non-users (TOS 45.5±38.2 µmol/L and TAC 0.57±0.17 mmol/L). Correlational analysis also revealed a significant positive correlation between DMFT score and Naswar use duration (r=0.796, p<0.001) and the number of dips/units consumed each day (r=0.515; p<0.001).

Conclusion: Habitual Naswar use is associated with increased salivary flow rate, pH, and TOS, and reduced TAC levels in Pakistani adults compared to non-users. The pro-oxidant changes may contribute toward deleterious effects of Naswar use including oral cancer.

Purpose: One of the Indonesians oral health problems today is teeth loss. Several treatments can be done to overcome the problems, especially to restore missing teeth function, which are mastication, speech function, and improve aesthetic. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) domains physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environment, and the domain of Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) in partially edentulous patients with implants, conventional dentures, and non-users (without implant and conventional denture).

Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional analytic observational study. Samples were partially edentulous patients aged 15-70 in Surabaya were taken using a simple random sampling technique within inclusion criteria. Reliability and validity analysis was carried out with Eta correlation test and then comparative analysis was performed with Kruskal Wallis and Post Hoc test with Mann Whitney U-Test. All procedures were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations by Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Unair, Surabaya, Indonesia (No: 441/HRECC.FODM/VII/2022).

Results: The results showed that there was a significant correlation between partially edentulous patients with and without dentures with the domains of physical health, psychological health, social, environment, and the domain of OIDP.

Conclusion: The study showed a statistically significant correlation between OHRQoL domain of physical health, psychological health, social and environment, and the domain of OIDP in partially edentulous patients with implants, conventional dentures, and non-users (without implants and conventional dentures). Edentulism is really felt by the people and has a negative effect meaningful to the physical, economic, and psychological. For this reason, in determining the use of implants, conventional dentures, and non-users (without implants and conventional dentures) it is important to consider domains of OHRQoL consisting of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environment, and the domain of OIDP.

Purpose: The resinous infiltrant lacks remineralizing activity. This research aimed to develop and evaluate bioactivity, physico-mechanical properties and penetration of resin infiltrants containing Biosilicate or nanohydroxyapatite.

Methods: Experimental resin infiltrant (ERI; 75/25 wt.% TEGDMA/BisEMA) was divided among the groups Pure Experimental (PE); ERI + Biosilicate 5 or 10% (Bio5; Bio10), ERI + 10% nanohydroxyapatite (Hap10), and Icon (DMG, Germany). Bioactivity was analyzed by SEM, EDS and FT-IR/ATR after soaking in SBF. Degree of conversion (DC), sorption and solubility (SO; SOL), flexural strength, modulus of elasticity (FS; E-modulus), contact angle (CA) and penetration were characterized. Extent of penetration was analyzed by treating white spot lesions (WSL) in human dental enamel samples with the infiltrants and subsequently analyzing specimens by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data from each test were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p < 0.01).

Results: SEM, EDS and FT-IR showed the formation of precipitates and increase in the rates of Ca and P in the groups with bioactive particles, after storage in SBF. Hap10 showed higher DC and CA values than all the other groups. Groups Bio5 and Bio10 showed CA values similar to those of Icon, higher SO and SOL values, and reduction in other properties. All infiltrants were capable of penetrating into the WSLs.

Conclusion: The incorporation of Biosilicate (5 or 10%) or nanohydroxyapatite (10%) into ERI induced mineral deposition on the surface and did not compromise infiltration and penetration into WSLs, however, compromising their physico-mechanical properties.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the validity and reliability of polarized and non-polarized intraoral photography for the measurement of gingival melanin pigmentation.

Materials and methods: A case series study was conducted on ten patients scheduled for gingival depigmentation. A total of 976 polarized and non-polarized image samples were collected, capturing two rows above the gingival margin, for analysis. These images were taken both before and one year after the depigmentation procedure. Three independent evaluators assessed the photographs (an orthodontist, a general dentist, and a layperson). The Dummett Oral Pigmentation Index (DOPI) and Gingival Melanosis Record (GMR) indices were used to measure the level of gingival pigmentation.

Results: The study found no significant differences between polarized and non-polarized images taken before and after depigmentation. Both methods of imaging received similar scores from the evaluators. The orthodontist identified more pigmented slides than the layperson and the general dentist.

Conclusion: Both polarized and non-polarized photographic methods may be used for assessing gingival pigmentation. However, further research is warranted to confirm this finding and examine additional factors.

Background: Oral melanocytic nevi are infrequent oral lesions derived from nevus cells of oral mucosa which causes focal hyperpigmentation. The most common site of occurrence of oral nevi is the hard palate followed by buccal mucosa and gingiva. The mean age group affected are in their 3rd and 4th decade of life and there seems to be a predilection for females. Clinically, oral nevi are usually small, well-circumscribed macules but can also present as slightly raised papules. Histologically, nevi can be classified as Junctional, Compound or Intramucosal, with intramucosal being the more common type in the oral cavity.

Case presentation: In this paper, we report a case of intramucosal nevus in a 25-year-old female patient. The lesion presented as a gingival enlargement in the mandibular anterior region involving the marginal and attached gingiva, which is an extremely rare presentation. The clinical findings, histologic features and surgical management are presented. The patient was followed up for one year and the one year follow up revealed a small area of focal hyperpigmentation at the site of the previous lesion which is being closely monitored.

Conclusion: Nevi located in the mucous membrane have been documented to pose a threat of malignant transformation. Hence, all pigmented lesions of the oral cavity should be cautiously diagnosed.

Purpose: Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is characterized by subsurface demineralization and tooth substance loss with crater formation. Remineralization of subsurface demineralization has previously been demonstrated; however, repair of the eroded surface is still under investigation. This study investigated the effectiveness of mouthwashes containing hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP) in repairing ETW through promotion of organized crystal growth.

Methods: Enamel Erosion was created on 210 enamel blocks by 10-minute demineralization in 1% Citric Acid (pH 3.5). Then, blocks were randomly assigned to seven groups (30/group); (A) 0.2% HWP, B) 1% HWP, (C) 2% HWP, (D) 1% HWP + 0.05% NaF, (E) Listerine™ mouthwash, (F) 0.02% NaF Crest™ Pro-health mouthwash and (G) artificial saliva (AS) only. Groups were subjected to daily pH-cycling consisting of one 5-minute erosive challenge with citric acid, three 1-minute mouthwash treatment periods, and then storage in AS for the rest of the time for 28 days. Treatment effects were assessed using SEM-EDX. Statistical analysis was by ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison.

Results: In groups exposed to HWP-containing mouthwashes, there was growth of fiber-like crystals that increased in packing density in a dose-dependent manner (0.2%, 1%, 2%) on the eroded enamel surfaces, with increased calcium and phosphate contents on the treated surfaces. The non-HWP-containing groups had the eroded surfaces covered by structureless deposit layer firmly attached to the surface.

Conclusion: Treating eroded enamel surface with HWP-containing mouthwash resulted in repair of the damaged tissue by formation of a protective layer of crystal deposits within and on the eroded enamel tissue.

Introduction: Masseter hypertrophy presents as unilateral or bilateral swellings over the ramus and angle of the mandible. It is caused by malocclusion, clenching, TMJ disorders, etc and alters facial symmetry, leading to discomfort and negative cosmetic impact in many patients, making this a popular request for aesthetic and functional correction.

Materials and methods: This case report involves injecting Botulinum toxin into 6 equidistant bulging points on the masseter. Standardized photography and clinical parameters were used to assess facial contour and masseter muscle thickness at baseline and successive follow ups.

Results and discussion: Significant masseteric bulk reduction was observed in subsequent follow ups.

Conclusion: The 6-point technique was found to be an effective treatment modality for Botox injection in masseteric hypertrophy. The clinical method to quantify prognosis was easy and economical.

Adhesive agents are essential to most restorative procedures used in everyday practice. Depending on the clinical situation, the dentist will choose among a rapidly evolving variety of adhesive agents (bonding agents). Due to the availability of many adhesive agents, appropriate selection can take time and effort. Typically, a practitioner relies more on marketing and experience than in-depth material knowledge. The classification of adhesive agents may need to be clarified and easier to remember due to its lack of relevance to clinical procedures. This paper reviews the published literature retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus by using specific keywords "adhesive agents", "classification", "dentin", "enamel", "universal", "self-etch", "etch-and-rinse", and "bonding". The titles and abstracts were screened, and the relevant literature was retrieved. The list of references from each identified article was examined to find other potentially relevant articles. Adhesive agents can be classified as etch-and-rinse, self-etch, or "multi-mode" according to their approach to interacting with the smear layer, and each approach can be further classified according to the number of clinical steps required during application. This article reviews the classification of current adhesive agents and discusses the properties that make a specific adhesive agent the optimal choice for a particular clinical indication. The review will assist the general dentist in understanding the various types of available adhesive agents and how they function. Overall, the review will facilitate decision-making and allow the selection of appropriate materials.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is an inherited disorder that affects the ectoderm of a developing embryo and impacts structures that originate from it. It typically presents as a triad of missing teeth (anodontia/hypodontia), sparse hair (atrichosis/hypotrichosis), and lack of sweat glands (hypohidrosis), often accompanied by nail dystrophy and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. There are two main types of this condition: X-linked anhidrotic or hypohidrotic and hidrotic (autosomal type). The oral manifestation of ED may include anodontia or hypodontia, with or without cleft lip and palate. Tooth loss leads to a decrease in the height of the alveolar ridges, resulting in a reduction of the vertical dimension of the lower face, disappearance of the vermilion border, and prominent lips. As a result, the affected person's face may resemble that of an elderly individual. The current case report aims to illustrate the prosthodontic rehabilitation of 16-year-old male patient with ectodermal dysplasia and complete anodontia, visiting Dentistry Teaching Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan. Fortunately, this patient was acceptably managed with the collaboration of several disciplines.