Pub Date : 2020-06-18DOI: 10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.14
Brijesh Patel, C. Bianco, D. Harris, E. Michos, M. Saleem, Mohammad Osman, S. Farid, Stephen V Liu
There is uncertainty about the choice of anticoagulation therapy in patients with malignancy and venous thromboembolism (VTE). While low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) remains the current standard, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have emerged as an appealing alternative option. The primary objective of this analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of DOACs versus LMWH in patients with malignancy and VTE. The secondary objective was to compare the safety and efficacy of the different DOACs. An online search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception until April 2020 was conducted. Four RCTs encompassing 2,907 patients, (50.5% men and mean age of 65.7 ± 10.5) were selected. At a mean follow up of 12 months, moderate certainty evidence showed no differences between DOAC and LMWH in VTE recurrence (HR, 0.54 [CI 0.23 to 1.28], I2 = 56%, p=0.23), in major bleeding (HR, 1.38 [CI 0.45 to 4.22], I2 = 33%, p=0.21) or clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB) (HR, 1.77 [CI 0.49 to 6.40], I2 = 73.9%, p=0.087). There was no difference between the DOACs when compared to each other. In conclusion, DOACs are an acceptable alternative to LMWHs for the treatment of VTE in patients with malignancy.
{"title":"Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Brijesh Patel, C. Bianco, D. Harris, E. Michos, M. Saleem, Mohammad Osman, S. Farid, Stephen V Liu","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.14","url":null,"abstract":"There is uncertainty about the choice of anticoagulation therapy in patients with malignancy and venous\u0000thromboembolism (VTE). While low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) remains the current standard,\u0000direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have emerged as an appealing alternative option. The primary objective\u0000of this analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of DOACs versus LMWH in patients with\u0000malignancy and VTE. The secondary objective was to compare the safety and efficacy of the different\u0000DOACs. An online search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov from\u0000inception until April 2020 was conducted. Four RCTs encompassing 2,907 patients, (50.5% men and mean\u0000age of 65.7 ± 10.5) were selected. At a mean follow up of 12 months, moderate certainty evidence showed\u0000no differences between DOAC and LMWH in VTE recurrence (HR, 0.54 [CI 0.23 to 1.28], I2 = 56%,\u0000p=0.23), in major bleeding (HR, 1.38 [CI 0.45 to 4.22], I2 = 33%, p=0.21) or clinically relevant non-major\u0000bleeding (CRNMB) (HR, 1.77 [CI 0.49 to 6.40], I2 = 73.9%, p=0.087). There was no difference between\u0000the DOACs when compared to each other. In conclusion, DOACs are an acceptable alternative to LMWHs\u0000for the treatment of VTE in patients with malignancy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85721016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.11
Hyusim Park, Jayoung Kim, Sungyong Jung
Bladder cancer (BC) is the fourth most common malignant tumor in the United States. It is the second most common cancer of the urinary system, accounting for 7% of all new cancer cases. It is also the fifth deadliest cancer, accounting for 4% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States. Our efforts to reduce costs of BC diagnosis and improve patients’ quality of life by avoiding unnecessary invasive diagnostic tests resulted in findings of promising urinary biomarkers for the detection of BC. This short review article aims to provide the current status of non-invasive biosensor device development for detection of BC, in particular, in patients’ urine samples.
{"title":"Development of Non-Invasive Biosensor Devices for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in Urine","authors":"Hyusim Park, Jayoung Kim, Sungyong Jung","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.11","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer (BC) is the fourth most common malignant tumor in the United States. It is the second most\u0000common cancer of the urinary system, accounting for 7% of all new cancer cases. It is also the fifth deadliest\u0000cancer, accounting for 4% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States. Our efforts to reduce costs of\u0000BC diagnosis and improve patients’ quality of life by avoiding unnecessary invasive diagnostic tests resulted\u0000in findings of promising urinary biomarkers for the detection of BC. This short review article aims to provide\u0000the current status of non-invasive biosensor device development for detection of BC, in particular, in\u0000patients’ urine samples.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76057347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-12DOI: 10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.03
G. Wilson, Jessica D. Arden, Thomas J. Quinn, Thomas G. Wilson, Alaa Hanna, K. Barker, R. Deraniyagala, A. Baschnagel
This study assessed automated quantification of CD44, c-MET, MTOR, EGFR, and GLUT1 protein expression in a tissue microarray of 109 Stage II-IV p16 positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) treated with definitive chemoradiation. Immunohistochemistry-based protein expression was quantified in an automated manner using digitally scanned images processed with Definiens Tissue Studio software to generate a histologic score (H-score, range 0-300) which was normalized for each biomarker. Biomarker expression levels were correlated with one another and with p16 status. Effects of biomarker and p16 status on locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival were analyzed using Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard modelling. There was a significant negative correlation between CD44 and p16 expression and significant positive correlations between CD44 and MTOR, CD44 and GLUT1, c-MET and MTOR, and MTOR and GLUT1. When patients were stratified by p16 status, the significant positive correlation between CD44 expression and MTOR remained for both the p16 positive and negative subsets, while correlations between CD44 and GLUT1 and c-MET and MTOR were seen in the p16 negative subset only. A significant correlation between MTOR and GLUT was seen overall and for the p16 positive subset. When the effects of biomarker expression on clinical endpoints were examined, histologic scores below the defined cut-points for CD44 and c-MET were each associated with improved locoregional control. Higher expressions of CD44, c-MET, EGFR, and GLUT1 were associated with inferior disease-free and overall survival. On multivariable analysis, p16 positivity remained independently associated with improved locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival, high CD44 remained independently associated with inferior locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival, and EGFR with inferior disease-free and overall survival. In conclusion, the use of an automated system to quantify IHC expression allowed objective correlation between biomarkers and stratification of patients, revealing that higher expressions of CD44, c-MET, EGFR, and GLUT1 were associated with poorer disease-free and overall survival.
{"title":"Automated Quantification of CD44, c-MET, EGFR, MTOR, and GLUT1 Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Impact of p16 Status and Response to Chemoradiation","authors":"G. Wilson, Jessica D. Arden, Thomas J. Quinn, Thomas G. Wilson, Alaa Hanna, K. Barker, R. Deraniyagala, A. Baschnagel","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.03","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed automated quantification of CD44, c-MET, MTOR, EGFR, and GLUT1 protein\u0000expression in a tissue microarray of 109 Stage II-IV p16 positive and negative head and neck squamous cell\u0000carcinomas (HNSCC) treated with definitive chemoradiation. Immunohistochemistry-based protein\u0000expression was quantified in an automated manner using digitally scanned images processed with Definiens\u0000Tissue Studio software to generate a histologic score (H-score, range 0-300) which was normalized for each\u0000biomarker. Biomarker expression levels were correlated with one another and with p16 status. Effects of\u0000biomarker and p16 status on locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival were analyzed\u0000using Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard modelling. There was a significant negative correlation\u0000between CD44 and p16 expression and significant positive correlations between CD44 and MTOR, CD44\u0000and GLUT1, c-MET and MTOR, and MTOR and GLUT1. When patients were stratified by p16 status, the\u0000significant positive correlation between CD44 expression and MTOR remained for both the p16 positive\u0000and negative subsets, while correlations between CD44 and GLUT1 and c-MET and MTOR were seen in\u0000the p16 negative subset only. A significant correlation between MTOR and GLUT was seen overall and for\u0000the p16 positive subset. When the effects of biomarker expression on clinical endpoints were examined,\u0000histologic scores below the defined cut-points for CD44 and c-MET were each associated with improved\u0000locoregional control. Higher expressions of CD44, c-MET, EGFR, and GLUT1 were associated with\u0000inferior disease-free and overall survival. On multivariable analysis, p16 positivity remained independently\u0000associated with improved locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival, high CD44\u0000remained independently associated with inferior locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall\u0000survival, and EGFR with inferior disease-free and overall survival. In conclusion, the use of an automated\u0000system to quantify IHC expression allowed objective correlation between biomarkers and stratification of\u0000patients, revealing that higher expressions of CD44, c-MET, EGFR, and GLUT1 were associated with\u0000poorer disease-free and overall survival.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91162985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-05DOI: 10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.02
A. Kunthur, E. Siegel, R. Govindarajan
Purpose: Gemcitabine/cisplatin (GCi) is the standard regimen used to treat stage IV urothelial bladder cancers. However, most of the bladder cancer patients are older, with poor performance status and renal dysfunction, and are not eligible for cisplatin-containing regimens. There are no randomized studies comparing gemcitabine/carboplatin (GC) and gemcitabine/cisplatin (GCi). Methods: We identified stage IV bladder cancer patients treated within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), healthcare system between January 2000 and December 2010 from Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry (VACCR). Overall survival (OS) was visualized using Kaplan-Meier curves and tested for the significance of the treatment-arm difference using the log-rank test. Results: There were 196 patients with stage IV bladder cancer, out of which 78 patients were treated with GC and 118 patients treated with GCi. The median OS for all patients was 12.5 months a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 10.0-14.6 months. The median OS for patients treated with GC was 13.4 months (95% CI 9.8-17.5 months), and that of the patients treated with GCi was 11.7 months (95% CI 9.3-14.9 months). Cox regression revealed equal group mortality rates, with GC having a (hazard ratio (HR) of 0.96 (CI 0.72-1.27; P= 0.81)) compared to GCi. Conclusion: Our study is the largest comparing GC and GCi in stage IV urothelial bladder cancer patients. It showed that there is no difference in OS in patients treated with GC and GCi.
{"title":"Survival Outcomes in Stage IV Bladder Cancer Patients Treated with Cisplatin/Gemcitabine Versus Carboplatin/Gemcitabine: A Retrospective Analysis in Veteran Patients","authors":"A. Kunthur, E. Siegel, R. Govindarajan","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Gemcitabine/cisplatin (GCi) is the standard regimen used to treat stage IV urothelial bladder\u0000cancers. However, most of the bladder cancer patients are older, with poor performance status and renal\u0000dysfunction, and are not eligible for cisplatin-containing regimens. There are no randomized studies\u0000comparing gemcitabine/carboplatin (GC) and gemcitabine/cisplatin (GCi).\u0000Methods: We identified stage IV bladder cancer patients treated within the Veterans Health Administration\u0000(VHA), healthcare system between January 2000 and December 2010 from Veterans Affairs Central Cancer\u0000Registry (VACCR). Overall survival (OS) was visualized using Kaplan-Meier curves and tested for the\u0000significance of the treatment-arm difference using the log-rank test.\u0000Results: There were 196 patients with stage IV bladder cancer, out of which 78 patients were treated with\u0000GC and 118 patients treated with GCi. The median OS for all patients was 12.5 months a 95% confidence\u0000interval (CI) of 10.0-14.6 months. The median OS for patients treated with GC was 13.4 months (95% CI\u00009.8-17.5 months), and that of the patients treated with GCi was 11.7 months (95% CI 9.3-14.9 months). Cox\u0000regression revealed equal group mortality rates, with GC having a (hazard ratio (HR) of 0.96 (CI 0.72-1.27;\u0000P= 0.81)) compared to GCi.\u0000Conclusion: Our study is the largest comparing GC and GCi in stage IV urothelial bladder cancer patients.\u0000It showed that there is no difference in OS in patients treated with GC and GCi.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72724410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-05DOI: 10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.04
A. Aliyev, B. Oven, Eda Tanr kulu, I. Okten, M. Seker, S. Çelik
Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy that metastases to brain with the risk of 10-16%. Brain metastasis has been reported to be more common among younger women with tumors larger diameter and higher grade, hormone negative and HER2 positive ones. We reviewed inhere treatment of patients with brain metastasis without extracranial metastasis of HER-2 positive breast cancer. Patients and Method: Totally 470 HER2 positive breast cancer patients were evacuated and treatment and clinicopathological factors of 20 patients with brain progression without extracranial metastasis were revised retrospectively. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS)and related factors were analysed with univariate analysis. Results: Median survival could not to be reached but, 3 years survival rate was 77% and median PFS was 16.1 months. Brain metastasis were treated with surgery followed with radiotherapy among 9 patients (45%) and only with radiotherapy other 11 (55%) patients. While nearly half of the patients received trastuzumab based therapy after local treatment, lapatinib-capecitabine were given to 7 (35%) and TDM-1 to 4 (20%) patients. There is no significant relation with anti-HER2 therapy in respect to OS or PFS. Conclusion: Although anti-HER2 therapy has known to be improve prognosis of HER-2 positive breast cancer with brain metastasis, there is no consensus which therapy is better. Treatment option can be based adverse effect, patient performance or cost-effectiveness until in the future prospectively designed study related the anti-HER2 therapy after local brain therapy will be come up.
{"title":"Approachment to the Brain Metastasis without Extracranial Metastasis of the HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer","authors":"A. Aliyev, B. Oven, Eda Tanr kulu, I. Okten, M. Seker, S. Çelik","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy that metastases to brain with the risk\u0000of 10-16%. Brain metastasis has been reported to be more common among younger women with tumors\u0000larger diameter and higher grade, hormone negative and HER2 positive ones. We reviewed inhere treatment\u0000of patients with brain metastasis without extracranial metastasis of HER-2 positive breast cancer.\u0000Patients and Method: Totally 470 HER2 positive breast cancer patients were evacuated and treatment and\u0000clinicopathological factors of 20 patients with brain progression without extracranial metastasis were\u0000revised retrospectively. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS)and related factors were\u0000analysed with univariate analysis.\u0000Results: Median survival could not to be reached but, 3 years survival rate was 77% and median PFS was\u000016.1 months. Brain metastasis were treated with surgery followed with radiotherapy among 9 patients (45%)\u0000and only with radiotherapy other 11 (55%) patients. While nearly half of the patients received trastuzumab\u0000based therapy after local treatment, lapatinib-capecitabine were given to 7 (35%) and TDM-1 to 4 (20%)\u0000patients. There is no significant relation with anti-HER2 therapy in respect to OS or PFS.\u0000Conclusion: Although anti-HER2 therapy has known to be improve prognosis of HER-2 positive breast\u0000cancer with brain metastasis, there is no consensus which therapy is better. Treatment option can be based\u0000adverse effect, patient performance or cost-effectiveness until in the future prospectively designed study\u0000related the anti-HER2 therapy after local brain therapy will be come up.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80229824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01Epub Date: 2020-06-26DOI: 10.31487/j.COR.2020.06.05
Denise Garcia, Julie B Siegel, David A Mahvi, Biqi Zhang, David M Mahvi, E Ramsay Camp, Whitney Graybill, Stephen J Savage, Antonio Giordano, Sara Giordano, Denise Carneiro-Pla, Mahsa Javid, Aaron P Lesher, Andrea Abbott, Nancy Klauber DeMore
Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has spread beyond those infected with SARS-CoV-2. Its widespread consequences have affected cancer patients whose surgeries may be delayed in order to minimize exposure and conserve resources.
Methods: Experts in each surgical oncology subspecialty were selected to perform a review of the relevant literature. Articles were obtained through PubMed searches in each cancer subtype using the following terms: delay to surgery, time to surgery, outcomes, and survival.
Results: Delays in surgery > 4 weeks in breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ, T1 pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and pediatric osteosarcoma, negatively impacted survival. Studies on hepatocellular cancer, colon cancer, and melanoma (Stage I) demonstrated reduced survival with delays > 3 months.
Conclusion: Studies have shown that short-term surgical delays can result in negative impacts on patient outcomes in multiple cancer types as well as in situ carcinoma. Conversely, other cancers such as gastric cancer, advanced melanoma and pancreatic cancer, well-differentiated thyroid cancer, and several genitourinary cancers demonstrated no significant outcome differences with surgical delays.
{"title":"What is Elective Oncologic Surgery in the Time of COVID-19? A Literature Review of the Impact of Surgical Delays on Outcomes in Patients with Cancer.","authors":"Denise Garcia, Julie B Siegel, David A Mahvi, Biqi Zhang, David M Mahvi, E Ramsay Camp, Whitney Graybill, Stephen J Savage, Antonio Giordano, Sara Giordano, Denise Carneiro-Pla, Mahsa Javid, Aaron P Lesher, Andrea Abbott, Nancy Klauber DeMore","doi":"10.31487/j.COR.2020.06.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.COR.2020.06.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has spread beyond those infected with SARS-CoV-2. Its widespread consequences have affected cancer patients whose surgeries may be delayed in order to minimize exposure and conserve resources.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experts in each surgical oncology subspecialty were selected to perform a review of the relevant literature. Articles were obtained through PubMed searches in each cancer subtype using the following terms: delay to surgery, time to surgery, outcomes, and survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Delays in surgery > 4 weeks in breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ, T1 pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and pediatric osteosarcoma, negatively impacted survival. Studies on hepatocellular cancer, colon cancer, and melanoma (Stage I) demonstrated reduced survival with delays > 3 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Studies have shown that short-term surgical delays can result in negative impacts on patient outcomes in multiple cancer types as well as <i>in situ carcinoma</i>. Conversely, other cancers such as gastric cancer, advanced melanoma and pancreatic cancer, well-differentiated thyroid cancer, and several genitourinary cancers demonstrated no significant outcome differences with surgical delays.</p>","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"3 6","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8208646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39243426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.31487/j.cor.2020.05.10
A. Høgset, H. Hirschberg, Jimmy N. Le, K. Berg, O. Gederaas, S. Madsen
Activation of sonosensitizers via focused ultrasound, i.e., sonodynamic therapy, has been proposed as an alternative to light-activated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of a number of conditions from cancer to bacterial infections. The use of focused ultrasound allows treatment to sites buried deep within tissues, overcoming one of the main limitations of light-based modalities. Photochemical internalization is a technique that utilizes the photochemical properties of photodynamic therapy for the release of trapped endo-lysosomal macromolecules into the cell cytoplasm, greatly enhancing their efficacy. We have examined ultrasonic activation of disulfonated tetraphenyl chlorin (fimaporfin) together with the anti-cancer agent bleomycin, termed sonochemical internalization, as an alternative to light-activated photochemical internalization. Our results indicate that, compared to drug or focused ultrasound treatment alone, focused ultrasound activation of fimaporfin together with BLM significantly inhibits the viability of glioma monolayers and the treated cells’ ability to form clonogenic colonies.
{"title":"Ultrasonic Activation of the Sonosensitizer Fimaporfin Enhances the Efficacy of Chemotherapy: An In Vitro Study on Rat Glioma Cells","authors":"A. Høgset, H. Hirschberg, Jimmy N. Le, K. Berg, O. Gederaas, S. Madsen","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2020.05.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2020.05.10","url":null,"abstract":"Activation of sonosensitizers via focused ultrasound, i.e., sonodynamic therapy, has been proposed as an\u0000alternative to light-activated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of a number of conditions from cancer\u0000to bacterial infections. The use of focused ultrasound allows treatment to sites buried deep within tissues,\u0000overcoming one of the main limitations of light-based modalities. Photochemical internalization is a\u0000technique that utilizes the photochemical properties of photodynamic therapy for the release of trapped\u0000endo-lysosomal macromolecules into the cell cytoplasm, greatly enhancing their efficacy. We have\u0000examined ultrasonic activation of disulfonated tetraphenyl chlorin (fimaporfin) together with the anti-cancer\u0000agent bleomycin, termed sonochemical internalization, as an alternative to light-activated photochemical\u0000internalization. Our results indicate that, compared to drug or focused ultrasound treatment alone, focused\u0000ultrasound activation of fimaporfin together with BLM significantly inhibits the viability of glioma\u0000monolayers and the treated cells’ ability to form clonogenic colonies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82038389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.31487/j.cor.2020.05.11
J. V. Heerden, J. Verlooy, K. Norga, T. Tousseyn, Yeleni Eelen
Background: Primary thyroid lymphoma is extremely rare in children and adolescents. The diagnosis of thyroid malignancies is often made secondary to other thyroid pathologies including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Case Presentation: This case describes a 14-year-old girl with a background of HT and congenital deafness that presented with a rapidly enlarging multinodular thyroid mass. She underwent a total thyroidectomy and a diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed on pathology. Discussion: Primary thyroid disease is an extremely rare disease in childhood, usually presenting as a rapidly enlarging goitre. The correlation between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and primary thyroid lymphoma is well-established in adults but has not been verified in the paediatric population. Our patient also has βthalassemia and Usher syndrome, however, no correlation between these and primary thyroid lymphoma could be found in the literature. Conclusion: It is important to include malignancy in the differential diagnosis of thyroid enlargement or unexplained symptoms, especially in the presence of syndromes. Further research into the relation between lymphomas and HT in the paediatric population is needed.
{"title":"Primary Thyroid Lymphoma in an Adolescent with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Congenital Deafness","authors":"J. V. Heerden, J. Verlooy, K. Norga, T. Tousseyn, Yeleni Eelen","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2020.05.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2020.05.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary thyroid lymphoma is extremely rare in children and adolescents. The diagnosis of\u0000thyroid malignancies is often made secondary to other thyroid pathologies including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis\u0000(HT).\u0000Case Presentation: This case describes a 14-year-old girl with a background of HT and congenital deafness\u0000that presented with a rapidly enlarging multinodular thyroid mass. She underwent a total thyroidectomy and\u0000a diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed on pathology.\u0000Discussion: Primary thyroid disease is an extremely rare disease in childhood, usually presenting as a\u0000rapidly enlarging goitre. The correlation between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and primary thyroid lymphoma\u0000is well-established in adults but has not been verified in the paediatric population. Our patient also has βthalassemia and Usher syndrome, however, no correlation between these and primary thyroid lymphoma\u0000could be found in the literature.\u0000Conclusion: It is important to include malignancy in the differential diagnosis of thyroid enlargement or\u0000unexplained symptoms, especially in the presence of syndromes. Further research into the relation between\u0000lymphomas and HT in the paediatric population is needed.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83559739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-26DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20111062
Yimam Getaneh, A. Yizengaw, Sisay Adane, Kidist Zealiyas, Z. Abate, Sileshi Leulseged, H. Desalegn, G. Yimer, E. Abate
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease that has been classified a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative public health strategies to control the spread. Here, we have conducted an online search for all relevant public health interventions for COVID-19. We then characterize and summarize the global COVID-19 pandemic situation and recommend potential mitigation strategies in the context of Ethiopia. Methods: Initial search of Pub Med central and Google scholar was undertaken followed by analysis of the text words; COVID-19,SARS-CoV-2, Global lessons and Pandemic; A second search using all identified keywords including COVID-19, Epidemiology, Sociocultural, Ethiopia; thirdly, the reference list of all identified reports and articles were searched. Accordingly, of the 1,402 articles, 39 were included in the analysis for this review. Result: Countries COVID-19 mitigation strategies widely varied. The most common global COVID-19 mitigation strategies include; whole of government approach including individual, community and environmental measures, detecting and isolating cases, contact tracing and quarantine, social and physical distancing measures including for mass gatherings and international travel measures. Models revealed that, social and physical distancing alone could prevent the pandemic from 60-95%, if timely and effectively implemented. Moreover, detecting and isolation of cases were found to be crucial while access to testing was found to the global challenge. Individual measures including proper hand washing were also reported to be effective measures in preventing the pandemic. Asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 ranged from 25% to 80% and as a result, countries are revising the case definition for early detection of mild symptomatic cases of COVID-19 with inclusion of Chills, Muscle pain and new loss of taste or smell in addition to Cough, Shortness of breath, Fever and Sore throat. Global reports also revealed that the incubation period of COVID-19 could go to 24 days. Ethiopia is also unique in the aspects of sociocultural prospects while more than 99.3% of the population has a religion. Moreover, 69% of the population is under the age of 29 years old and the health policy in the country focused on prevention and primary health care. All these could be potential entries and opportunities to combat COVID-19 pandemic in the context of Ethiopia. Conclusion: While recommendations may change depending on the level of outbreak, we conclude that in Most countries have benefited from early interventions and in setups like Africa including Ethiopia where health system capability is limited, community engagement supported by local evidence with strict implementation of social and physical distancing measures is mandatory. Active involvement of religious Institutions and mobilizing youth could be entry to increase pub
背景:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是一种快速出现的疾病，已被世界卫生组织(WHO)列为大流行。在缺乏对这种病毒的治疗的情况下，迫切需要寻找其他公共卫生战略来控制传播。在此，我们在线搜索了针对COVID-19的所有相关公共卫生干预措施。然后，我们描述和总结了全球COVID-19大流行形势，并在埃塞俄比亚的背景下推荐了潜在的缓解策略。方法:对Pub Med central和Google scholar进行初步检索，然后对文本词进行分析;COVID-19、SARS-CoV-2、全球经验教训和大流行;使用所有确定的关键词进行第二次搜索，包括COVID-19、流行病学、社会文化、埃塞俄比亚;第三，检索所有已识别的报告和文章的参考文献列表。因此，在1 402篇文章中，有39篇被列入本审查的分析。结果:各国缓解COVID-19的战略差异很大。最常见的全球COVID-19缓解战略包括:政府整体方针，包括个人、社区和环境措施，发现和隔离病例，接触者追踪和隔离，社会和物理距离措施，包括大规模集会和国际旅行措施。模型显示，如果及时有效地实施，仅保持社交和身体距离就可以防止60-95%的大流行。此外，发现和隔离病例至关重要，而获得检测被认为是全球挑战。据报告，包括正确洗手在内的个别措施也是预防大流行病的有效措施。COVID-19无症状病例的比例从25%到80%不等，因此，各国正在修订病例定义，以便早期发现COVID-19轻度症状病例，除咳嗽、呼吸急促、发烧和喉咙痛外，还包括寒战、肌肉疼痛和新的味觉或嗅觉丧失。全球报告还显示，新冠肺炎的潜伏期可能长达24天。埃塞俄比亚在社会文化前景方面也很独特，超过99.3%的人口有宗教信仰。此外，69%的人口年龄在29岁以下，该国的卫生政策侧重于预防和初级卫生保健。所有这些都可能成为埃塞俄比亚抗击COVID-19大流行的潜在切入点和机会。结论:虽然建议可能会根据疫情的程度而改变，但我们得出的结论是，在大多数国家都受益于早期干预措施，而在非洲(包括埃塞俄比亚)等卫生系统能力有限的国家，必须有当地证据支持的社区参与，严格执行社交和身体距离措施。宗教机构的积极参与和动员青年可以成为提高公众对缓解COVID-19认识的切入点。社区一级的病例检测可以加强病例的早期识别，这可以通过卫生推广规划实施。隔离和检疫超过14天有助于识别COVID-19的长期携带者。快速检测试剂盒的验证和使用对于增加检测的可及性至关重要。修订COVID-19病例定义对于早期发现和识别轻度症状病例可能很重要。
{"title":"Global lessons and Potential strategies in combating COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia:Systematic Review","authors":"Yimam Getaneh, A. Yizengaw, Sisay Adane, Kidist Zealiyas, Z. Abate, Sileshi Leulseged, H. Desalegn, G. Yimer, E. Abate","doi":"10.1101/2020.05.23.20111062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.23.20111062","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease that has been classified a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative public health strategies to control the spread. Here, we have conducted an online search for all relevant public health interventions for COVID-19. We then characterize and summarize the global COVID-19 pandemic situation and recommend potential mitigation strategies in the context of Ethiopia. Methods: Initial search of Pub Med central and Google scholar was undertaken followed by analysis of the text words; COVID-19,SARS-CoV-2, Global lessons and Pandemic; A second search using all identified keywords including COVID-19, Epidemiology, Sociocultural, Ethiopia; thirdly, the reference list of all identified reports and articles were searched. Accordingly, of the 1,402 articles, 39 were included in the analysis for this review. Result: Countries COVID-19 mitigation strategies widely varied. The most common global COVID-19 mitigation strategies include; whole of government approach including individual, community and environmental measures, detecting and isolating cases, contact tracing and quarantine, social and physical distancing measures including for mass gatherings and international travel measures. Models revealed that, social and physical distancing alone could prevent the pandemic from 60-95%, if timely and effectively implemented. Moreover, detecting and isolation of cases were found to be crucial while access to testing was found to the global challenge. Individual measures including proper hand washing were also reported to be effective measures in preventing the pandemic. Asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 ranged from 25% to 80% and as a result, countries are revising the case definition for early detection of mild symptomatic cases of COVID-19 with inclusion of Chills, Muscle pain and new loss of taste or smell in addition to Cough, Shortness of breath, Fever and Sore throat. Global reports also revealed that the incubation period of COVID-19 could go to 24 days. Ethiopia is also unique in the aspects of sociocultural prospects while more than 99.3% of the population has a religion. Moreover, 69% of the population is under the age of 29 years old and the health policy in the country focused on prevention and primary health care. All these could be potential entries and opportunities to combat COVID-19 pandemic in the context of Ethiopia. Conclusion: While recommendations may change depending on the level of outbreak, we conclude that in Most countries have benefited from early interventions and in setups like Africa including Ethiopia where health system capability is limited, community engagement supported by local evidence with strict implementation of social and physical distancing measures is mandatory. Active involvement of religious Institutions and mobilizing youth could be entry to increase pub","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80732301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-08DOI: 10.31487/j.cor.2020.05.01
Chen Bao-an, Chunyan Luan, Jing Zhang, Wu Xue
Background: Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is calculated based on serum albumin concentration and absolute lymphocyte count, and its prognostic value has been established in various human malignancies. However, whether PNI can be applied in predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains to be clarified. The aim of the present study is to explore the prognostic value of baseline PNI in DLBCL. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 98 patients with DLBCL treated at the Southeast University-affiliated Zhongda Hospital between January 2013 and November 2019. The optimal cut-off value of PNI was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Youden index. The relationship of high and low PNI with the clinical characteristics of the patients and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Patients with low PNI tended to have a worse event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) (EFS, P=0.029; OS, P<0.001). For patients treated with R-CHOP（Rituximab-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), PNI proved to be predictive for survival (EFS, P= 0.020; OS, P<0.001), while no significant effect was found in DLBCL patients who received CHOP chemotherapy (EFS, P=0.639; OS, P=0.114). Multivariate analysis showed that PNI was an independent risk factor for OS and EFS of all 98 DLBCL patients after adjusting for model a (OS: adjust for age, gender, body mass index, performance status, B symptoms, international prognostic index, hemoglobin；EFS：adjust for age, gender, Ann Arbor stage, international prognostic index, lactate dehydrogenase, treatment, absolute lymphocyte count, hemoglobin). PNI remained an independent risk factor for both OS and EFS in patients after adjusting for model b (adjust for all items). Conclusion: PNI is a simple and useful marker to predict survival outcome in DLBCL patients, and low PNI is an independent predictor of a better outcome in terms of EFS and OS outcome in DLBCL, suggesting that PNI is an effective prognostic factor in patients with DLBCL.
{"title":"Low Prognostic Nutritional Index Indicates Dismal Prognosis in Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma","authors":"Chen Bao-an, Chunyan Luan, Jing Zhang, Wu Xue","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2020.05.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2020.05.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is calculated based on serum albumin concentration and\u0000absolute lymphocyte count, and its prognostic value has been established in various human malignancies.\u0000However, whether PNI can be applied in predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell\u0000lymphoma (DLBCL) remains to be clarified. The aim of the present study is to explore the prognostic value\u0000of baseline PNI in DLBCL.\u0000Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 98 patients with DLBCL treated at the\u0000Southeast University-affiliated Zhongda Hospital between January 2013 and November 2019. The optimal\u0000cut-off value of PNI was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Youden\u0000index. The relationship of high and low PNI with the clinical characteristics of the patients and prognosis\u0000were analyzed.\u0000Results: Patients with low PNI tended to have a worse event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS)\u0000(EFS, P=0.029; OS, P<0.001). For patients treated with R-CHOP（Rituximab-cyclophosphamide,\u0000doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), PNI proved to be predictive for survival (EFS, P= 0.020; OS,\u0000P<0.001), while no significant effect was found in DLBCL patients who received CHOP chemotherapy\u0000(EFS, P=0.639; OS, P=0.114). Multivariate analysis showed that PNI was an independent risk factor for\u0000OS and EFS of all 98 DLBCL patients after adjusting for model a (OS: adjust for age, gender, body mass\u0000index, performance status, B symptoms, international prognostic index, hemoglobin；EFS：adjust for age,\u0000gender, Ann Arbor stage, international prognostic index, lactate dehydrogenase, treatment, absolute\u0000lymphocyte count, hemoglobin). PNI remained an independent risk factor for both OS and EFS in patients\u0000after adjusting for model b (adjust for all items).\u0000Conclusion: PNI is a simple and useful marker to predict survival outcome in DLBCL patients, and low\u0000PNI is an independent predictor of a better outcome in terms of EFS and OS outcome in DLBCL, suggesting\u0000that PNI is an effective prognostic factor in patients with DLBCL.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72639635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：