In this study, the effect of four factors affecting colour fading in the laser process (resolution in the X direction, resolution in the Y direction, pixel time and application direction/angle [56°, horizontal, vertical]) were statistically examined. Then, the effect of application direction/angle (56°, horizontal, vertical) and application mode (Normal, HDR Soft, HDR Medium) were investigated in more detail. It is believed that this study will contribute to the literature and is original since there is no study on the effect of application angle and/or mode during laser treatment. It was found that beyond the resolution and pixel time, application direction/angle and mode (HDR Medium > HDR Soft > Normal) are important in terms of colour fading for 11.25 ounce trousers made of 95.3% cotton/3.4% polyester (T400)/1.3% elastane used in this study.
{"title":"Investigation of the application angle and mode parameters on colour fading obtained in laser process","authors":"Rıza Atav, Öner Gündüz, Sercan Yaz, Gizem Çakan","doi":"10.1111/cote.12785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12785","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of four factors affecting colour fading in the laser process (resolution in the <jats:italic>X</jats:italic> direction, resolution in the <jats:italic>Y</jats:italic> direction, pixel time and application direction/angle [56°, horizontal, vertical]) were statistically examined. Then, the effect of application direction/angle (56°, horizontal, vertical) and application mode (Normal, HDR Soft, HDR Medium) were investigated in more detail. It is believed that this study will contribute to the literature and is original since there is no study on the effect of application angle and/or mode during laser treatment. It was found that beyond the resolution and pixel time, application direction/angle and mode (HDR Medium > HDR Soft > Normal) are important in terms of colour fading for 11.25 ounce trousers made of 95.3% cotton/3.4% polyester (T400)/1.3% elastane used in this study.","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riza Atav, Eray Akkuş, Deniz İzlen Çifçi, Uğur Ergünay, Yalçın Güneş, Elçin Güneş
In this study, by selecting a sample of dyes from a wide variety of chromophores used in the production of reactive dyes (monoazo, bisazo, metal azo, phthalocyanine, anthraquinone, copper formazan and triphendioxazine), the colour removal performance of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer in reactive dyes was statistically evaluated depending on the dye chromophore groups (and accordingly molecular weight and number of sulfo groups of the dye), dendrimer concentration and centrifugation time. When all the results were examined, it was observed that the colour removal efficiency was significantly lower in metalazo and copper formazan‐based reactive dyes, whereas colour removals ranging from 93% to 98% could be obtained in bisazo, triphendioxazine, monoazo, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine dyes. With the use of dendrimer, the best colour removal efficiencies occurred at pH 3. However, it was found that the centrifugation time of 15 min is sufficient for all dyes, and a longer centrifugation does not provide any additional benefit in terms of colour removal.
{"title":"Effect of chromophore type on efficiency of reactive dye removal using polyamidoamine dendrimer","authors":"Riza Atav, Eray Akkuş, Deniz İzlen Çifçi, Uğur Ergünay, Yalçın Güneş, Elçin Güneş","doi":"10.1111/cote.12786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12786","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, by selecting a sample of dyes from a wide variety of chromophores used in the production of reactive dyes (monoazo, bisazo, metal azo, phthalocyanine, anthraquinone, copper formazan and triphendioxazine), the colour removal performance of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer in reactive dyes was statistically evaluated depending on the dye chromophore groups (and accordingly molecular weight and number of sulfo groups of the dye), dendrimer concentration and centrifugation time. When all the results were examined, it was observed that the colour removal efficiency was significantly lower in metalazo and copper formazan‐based reactive dyes, whereas colour removals ranging from 93% to 98% could be obtained in bisazo, triphendioxazine, monoazo, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine dyes. With the use of dendrimer, the best colour removal efficiencies occurred at pH 3. However, it was found that the centrifugation time of 15 min is sufficient for all dyes, and a longer centrifugation does not provide any additional benefit in terms of colour removal.","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"389 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study developed an intelligent indicator ink based on purple potato anthocyanin to detect the freshness of pork. The ink was composed of waterborne acrylic resin as a binder, with added additives such as dimethyl silicone oil, sodium polyacrylate and ethanol to improve its performance. Testing was conducted on the initial drying, viscosity, fineness, fluidity and stability of the ink, and all performance criteria met the requirements. Gradient solutions with pH 2–12 were dropped onto the ink to test their discoloration ability, which exhibited significant changes in colour with the difference in pH solutions. The indicator ink was applied to monitor the freshness of pork. After 7 days of storage at 4°C, the total volatile basic nitrogen content of the pork was higher than 25 mg/100 g, and the total number of bacteria was >9 log(CFU/g), indicating that the pork had gone rotten. The colour of the indicator ink shifted from purple to purplish blue and ultimately became deep blue. The results showed that the indicator ink provided an effective colour response in the process of pork deterioration, allowing for visual detection of its freshness.
{"title":"Preparation and characterisation of pH‐responsive indicator ink for pork freshness monitoring","authors":"Haichuan Hu, Jianqiang Wang, Haolin Sun, Yuheng Chen, Jinghua Chen","doi":"10.1111/cote.12784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12784","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed an intelligent indicator ink based on purple potato anthocyanin to detect the freshness of pork. The ink was composed of waterborne acrylic resin as a binder, with added additives such as dimethyl silicone oil, sodium polyacrylate and ethanol to improve its performance. Testing was conducted on the initial drying, viscosity, fineness, fluidity and stability of the ink, and all performance criteria met the requirements. Gradient solutions with pH 2–12 were dropped onto the ink to test their discoloration ability, which exhibited significant changes in colour with the difference in pH solutions. The indicator ink was applied to monitor the freshness of pork. After 7 days of storage at 4°C, the total volatile basic nitrogen content of the pork was higher than 25 mg/100 g, and the total number of bacteria was >9 log(CFU/g), indicating that the pork had gone rotten. The colour of the indicator ink shifted from purple to purplish blue and ultimately became deep blue. The results showed that the indicator ink provided an effective colour response in the process of pork deterioration, allowing for visual detection of its freshness.","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temperature dependent equilibrium dye adsorption data reported for Chlorazol Fast Scarlet 8B, Durazol Red 2B and Chrysophenine G on cotton, CV and CUP fibres and Durazol Grey RG on cotton and CV fibres in the presence of a constant amount of added inorganic electrolyte between 60°C and 90°C, as well as Chrysophenine G on cellophane sheet in the presence of varying amounts of added inorganic electrolyte, between 60°C and 97.5°C, was re‐evaluated using the Williams‐Landel‐Ferry equation. The results obtained suggest that the plasticisation model of dye diffusion appears to offer a reasonable explanation of the temperature dependent equilibrium adsorption of direct dyes on cellulosic fibres/polymers.
利用威廉姆斯-兰德尔-费里方程，重新评估了氯唑快猩红 8B、杜拉唑红 2B 和 Chrysophenine G 在棉花、CV 和 CUP 纤维上，以及 Durazol Grey RG 在棉花和 CV 纤维上的随温度变化的平衡染料吸附数据（60°C 至 90°C），以及 Chrysophenine G 在玻璃纸上的随温度变化的平衡染料吸附数据（60°C 至 97.使用威廉姆斯-兰德尔-费里方程重新评估了在 60°C 至 97.5°C 温度范围内，不同添加量的无机电解质在玻璃纸片上的塑化过程。结果表明，染料扩散的塑化模型似乎可以合理解释纤维素纤维/聚合物上直接染料的温度依赖性平衡吸附。
{"title":"The plasticisation model of dye diffusion: Part 2","authors":"Stephen M. Burkinshaw","doi":"10.1111/cote.12782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12782","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature dependent equilibrium dye adsorption data reported for <jats:italic>Chlorazol Fast Scarlet 8B, Durazol Red 2B</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Chrysophenine G</jats:italic> on cotton, CV and CUP fibres and <jats:italic>Durazol Grey RG</jats:italic> on cotton and CV fibres in the presence of a constant amount of added inorganic electrolyte between 60°C and 90°C, as well as <jats:italic>Chrysophenine G</jats:italic> on cellophane sheet in the presence of varying amounts of added inorganic electrolyte, between 60°C and 97.5°C, was re‐evaluated using the Williams‐Landel‐Ferry equation. The results obtained suggest that the plasticisation model of dye diffusion appears to offer a reasonable explanation of the temperature dependent equilibrium adsorption of direct dyes on cellulosic fibres/polymers.","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of 3‐(2‐aryl‐hydrazone)‐quinolin‐2,4‐diones were synthesised by the reaction of aryldiazonium chlorides with 6‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one dissolved in water containing equimolar amount of sodium hydroxide. All the reactions were carried out at 0–5°C and the corresponding hydrazones were obtained in satisfactory yields and purified easily by recrystallisation from hot dimethylformamide. According to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐visible) results, there are two kinds of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in these synthesised aryl‐hydrazones which enables the compounds to be rotated about the hydrazone C=N bond and through that leads to a reversible isomerisation between their E and Z configurations. The isomers populations and the rotation phenomenon can be controlled by changing the polarity of the solvents. The E/Z ratio of each synthesised compound was studied in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO‐d6) and, if soluble in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) and compared. The results reveal that a decrease in solvent polarity (upon changing the solvent from DMSO‐d6 to CDCl3) shifts the isomeric balance to Z‐geometrical form and substantially increase the E/Z ratio. A density functional theory (DFT) analysis regarding highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), HOMO −1, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and LUMO +1 has been conducted and discussed. The results obtained from DFT calculations at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory, demonstrated that the hydrazone tautomeric forms are more stable with the lowest total energy and showed a good agreement with the experimental findings in both gas and solution states. As it is expectable, DFT calculation in CDCl3 and DMSO‐d6 indicate that the dipole moments of the Z configurations are significantly higher than those of the E structures.
{"title":"Solvatochromic, computational chemical and E/Z geometrical isomerism studies on some aryl‐hydrazones synthesised by reacting of aryldiazonium chlorides with 6‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one","authors":"Enayatollah Moradi Rufchahi, Fatemeh Ashuri Mirsadeghi","doi":"10.1111/cote.12781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12781","url":null,"abstract":"A series of 3‐(2‐aryl‐hydrazone)‐quinolin‐2,4‐diones were synthesised by the reaction of aryldiazonium chlorides with 6‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1<jats:italic>H</jats:italic>)‐one dissolved in water containing equimolar amount of sodium hydroxide. All the reactions were carried out at 0–5°C and the corresponding hydrazones were obtained in satisfactory yields and purified easily by recrystallisation from hot dimethylformamide. According to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<jats:sup>1</jats:sup>H NMR) and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐visible) results, there are two kinds of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in these synthesised aryl‐hydrazones which enables the compounds to be rotated about the hydrazone C=N bond and through that leads to a reversible isomerisation between their <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Z</jats:italic> configurations. The isomers populations and the rotation phenomenon can be controlled by changing the polarity of the solvents. The <jats:italic>E/Z</jats:italic> ratio of each synthesised compound was studied in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO‐<jats:italic>d</jats:italic><jats:sub>6</jats:sub>) and, if soluble in deuterated chloroform (CDCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) and compared. The results reveal that a decrease in solvent polarity (upon changing the solvent from DMSO‐<jats:italic>d</jats:italic><jats:sub>6</jats:sub> to CDCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) shifts the isomeric balance to <jats:italic>Z</jats:italic>‐geometrical form and substantially increase the <jats:italic>E/Z</jats:italic> ratio. A density functional theory (DFT) analysis regarding highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), HOMO −1, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and LUMO +1 has been conducted and discussed. The results obtained from DFT calculations at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory, demonstrated that the hydrazone tautomeric forms are more stable with the lowest total energy and showed a good agreement with the experimental findings in both gas and solution states. As it is expectable, DFT calculation in CDCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and DMSO‐<jats:italic>d</jats:italic><jats:sub>6</jats:sub> indicate that the dipole moments of the <jats:italic>Z</jats:italic> configurations are significantly higher than those of the <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> structures.","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The search for a more ecological alternative to dyeing processes, which is the most polluting textile process, has become one of the most studied topics today. In this respect, enzymatic colouring with the use of laccases offer important opportunities, but studies on enzymatic colouring are still very limited. However, in order for enzymatic dyeing to find industrial‐scale use, the colour variety must be wide. Within the scope of this study, it is an important output that this study has brought to the literature, that the variety of colours that have been obtained in the literature in enzymatic dyeing has been increased so far by working with a wide variety of precursors and their mixtures, including those that have not been tested on wool before. At the same time, the reaction mechanism of the enzymatic dye synthesis and the chemical structures of the dyes were elucidated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Beyond that, as it is known, when a new dyeing process is developed, its technical, economic and ecological advantages and disadvantages compared to the currently accepted conventional dyeing should be revealed. In this study, the colours obtained by enzymatic dyeing were matched with 1:2 metal complex dyes and then two fabrics dyed with the same colour, one enzymatic and the other with conventional method, were compared in terms of technical (colour, fastness), economic (water, energy and chemical consumption) and ecological (biological oxygen demand of wastewater, chemical oxygen demand, etc.) aspects.
{"title":"Enzymatic coloration of wool fabrics and its comparison with conventional dyeing","authors":"Rıza Atav, Gökmen Karagöz, Uğur Ergünay","doi":"10.1111/cote.12783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12783","url":null,"abstract":"The search for a more ecological alternative to dyeing processes, which is the most polluting textile process, has become one of the most studied topics today. In this respect, enzymatic colouring with the use of laccases offer important opportunities, but studies on enzymatic colouring are still very limited. However, in order for enzymatic dyeing to find industrial‐scale use, the colour variety must be wide. Within the scope of this study, it is an important output that this study has brought to the literature, that the variety of colours that have been obtained in the literature in enzymatic dyeing has been increased so far by working with a wide variety of precursors and their mixtures, including those that have not been tested on wool before. At the same time, the reaction mechanism of the enzymatic dye synthesis and the chemical structures of the dyes were elucidated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Beyond that, as it is known, when a new dyeing process is developed, its technical, economic and ecological advantages and disadvantages compared to the currently accepted conventional dyeing should be revealed. In this study, the colours obtained by enzymatic dyeing were matched with 1:2 metal complex dyes and then two fabrics dyed with the same colour, one enzymatic and the other with conventional method, were compared in terms of technical (colour, fastness), economic (water, energy and chemical consumption) and ecological (biological oxygen demand of wastewater, chemical oxygen demand, etc.) aspects.","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"404 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guosheng Xie, Yang Xu, Xiaowei Sheng, Yike Jin, Yize Sun
Detecting colour differences in warp‐knitting fabric is essential to ensure its quality. Machine vision algorithms are commonly used for automatic colour difference detection. However, the current algorithm directly extracts RGB (red, green, blue) colour stimulus values from the image without considering the image's colour attributes, leading to a significant error in colour difference detection. To solve this issue, a colour appearance model is introduced into the field of colour difference detection for warp‐knitted fabric. Initially, a colour appearance model based on CAM16 is established, and the critical parameters are calculated to obtain the colour appearance attribute of the fabric. The colour difference calculation formula is then constructed in the uniform colour space of CAM16‐UCS. A template selection algorithm based on principal component analysis was designed to select warp‐knitted cloth images with standard colours. Subsequently, a cloth colour difference detection algorithm was developed using the cloth colour profile model. The performance of the colour difference formula based on the colour profile model was evaluated using the PF/3 method. To compare the CIELab, CMC(2:1), and CIEDE2000 colour difference formulas, standardised residual sum of squares was used. The results indicated that the colour difference formula based on the colour‐appearance model is about 5.32% different from the visual colour difference perceived by the human eye. However, it can perform as well as the CMC(2:1) colour difference formula, which is widely used in the textile industry.
{"title":"Colour difference detection algorithm for warp‐knitted fabric based on image colour appearance model","authors":"Guosheng Xie, Yang Xu, Xiaowei Sheng, Yike Jin, Yize Sun","doi":"10.1111/cote.12779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12779","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting colour differences in warp‐knitting fabric is essential to ensure its quality. Machine vision algorithms are commonly used for automatic colour difference detection. However, the current algorithm directly extracts RGB (red, green, blue) colour stimulus values from the image without considering the image's colour attributes, leading to a significant error in colour difference detection. To solve this issue, a colour appearance model is introduced into the field of colour difference detection for warp‐knitted fabric. Initially, a colour appearance model based on CAM16 is established, and the critical parameters are calculated to obtain the colour appearance attribute of the fabric. The colour difference calculation formula is then constructed in the uniform colour space of CAM16‐UCS. A template selection algorithm based on principal component analysis was designed to select warp‐knitted cloth images with standard colours. Subsequently, a cloth colour difference detection algorithm was developed using the cloth colour profile model. The performance of the colour difference formula based on the colour profile model was evaluated using the PF/3 method. To compare the CIELab, CMC(2:1), and CIEDE2000 colour difference formulas, standardised residual sum of squares was used. The results indicated that the colour difference formula based on the colour‐appearance model is about 5.32% different from the visual colour difference perceived by the human eye. However, it can perform as well as the CMC(2:1) colour difference formula, which is widely used in the textile industry.","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"323 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141587382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Okoh Adeyi Okoh, Clare L. Lawrence, Roger H. Bisby, Sarah L. Brennan, Robert B. Smith
The synthesis of a range of new linear substituted heptamethine dyes has been designed and described. The photophysical properties of all the dyes were investigated, with many exhibiting improved fluorescent quantum yields when compared with indocyanine green. Finally, growth inhibition studies were performed in the fission yeast Saccharomyces pombe, which suggests potential antifungals activity in the μM range.
{"title":"Towards structurally new cyanine dyes—investigating the photophysical and potential antifungal properties of linear substituted heptamethine dyes","authors":"Okoh Adeyi Okoh, Clare L. Lawrence, Roger H. Bisby, Sarah L. Brennan, Robert B. Smith","doi":"10.1111/cote.12780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12780","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of a range of new linear substituted heptamethine dyes has been designed and described. The photophysical properties of all the dyes were investigated, with many exhibiting improved fluorescent quantum yields when compared with indocyanine green. Finally, growth inhibition studies were performed in the fission yeast <jats:italic>Saccharomyces pombe</jats:italic>, which suggests potential antifungals activity in the μM range.","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141570760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabric defect detection is a crucial aspect of fabric production. At present, deep learning detection methods mostly rely on supervised learning. To tackle this issue, this study proposes an unsupervised fabric defect detection approach based‐on normalising flow. The method only needs to train the mapping of the feature probability distribution of defect‐free samples to a Gaussian distribution. In the inference process, the location of defects can be determined by testing the distance between the probability distribution of image features and the estimated distribution. To adapt to the complex background and various minor defects of the fabric, a feature pyramid structure is adopted. Moreover, considering the gradient vanishing and network degradation caused by deep layers during training, a residual structure is incorporated into the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the feature pyramid flow model outperforms other methods in defect detection across multiple datasets, with an average score rate of 98.7% and 100% for pixel‐level area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic and image‐level AUC, respectively, compared to an average score rate of 91.1% and 85.4% for other methods.
{"title":"FP‐Flow: Feature pyramid flow model for fabric defect detection","authors":"Yuanfei Wang, Yang Xu, Zhiqi Yu, Xiaowei Sheng","doi":"10.1111/cote.12768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12768","url":null,"abstract":"Fabric defect detection is a crucial aspect of fabric production. At present, deep learning detection methods mostly rely on supervised learning. To tackle this issue, this study proposes an unsupervised fabric defect detection approach based‐on normalising flow. The method only needs to train the mapping of the feature probability distribution of defect‐free samples to a Gaussian distribution. In the inference process, the location of defects can be determined by testing the distance between the probability distribution of image features and the estimated distribution. To adapt to the complex background and various minor defects of the fabric, a feature pyramid structure is adopted. Moreover, considering the gradient vanishing and network degradation caused by deep layers during training, a residual structure is incorporated into the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the feature pyramid flow model outperforms other methods in defect detection across multiple datasets, with an average score rate of 98.7% and 100% for pixel‐level area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic and image‐level AUC, respectively, compared to an average score rate of 91.1% and 85.4% for other methods.","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"2673 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The kinetics of the redox reaction of methylene green (MG) and the novel photo‐redox agent titanium trichloride (TiCl3) in water were investigated by real‐time spectrophotometric analysis of the change in absorbance of the reaction mixture at 655 nm. The novelty of this redox reaction is that the TiCl3 is an inorganic compound in contrast to the previously studied organic redox couples. The redox reaction was analysed in depth and the effects of the concentration of the TiCl3, MG, pH, dielectric constant, ionic strength, metal ions, and temperature on the reaction kinetics were observed. The rate of reaction had a direct relationship with the pH, dielectric constant, and ionic strength of the reaction medium, while an increase in temperature decreased the rate of reaction. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated by the Arrhenius relation, and the other thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy change of activation (∆H*), free energy change of activation (∆G*), and entropy change of activation (∆S*) were also evaluated to support the findings of the kinetic measurements. The presence of any reaction intermediate other than the species in the reaction mechanism was ruled out by the spectroscopic analysis of the reaction mixture and Michaelis–Menten plot while the absence of any free radicals was confirmed by the negative polyacrylamide test. A reaction mechanism for the redox reaction of MG+ and TiCl3 was proposed based on the different excited states of the MG+ involved in the reaction and the results of the product analysis. The decolourisation of MG by the TiCl3 is overall a second‐order reaction and is significantly affected by the pH of the reaction medium. The overall rate law for the redox reaction of MG and TiCl3 is as follows.
{"title":"Redox kinetics of methylene green: Titanium trichloride as a novel photo redox agent","authors":"Syed Muhammad Saqib Nadeem, Rehana Saeed","doi":"10.1111/cote.12753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12753","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetics of the redox reaction of methylene green (MG) and the novel photo‐redox agent titanium trichloride (TiCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) in water were investigated by real‐time spectrophotometric analysis of the change in absorbance of the reaction mixture at 655 nm. The novelty of this redox reaction is that the TiCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> is an inorganic compound in contrast to the previously studied organic redox couples. The redox reaction was analysed in depth and the effects of the concentration of the TiCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, MG, pH, dielectric constant, ionic strength, metal ions, and temperature on the reaction kinetics were observed. The rate of reaction had a direct relationship with the pH, dielectric constant, and ionic strength of the reaction medium, while an increase in temperature decreased the rate of reaction. The activation energy (<jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>a</jats:sub>) was calculated by the Arrhenius relation, and the other thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy change of activation (∆<jats:italic>H</jats:italic>*), free energy change of activation (∆<jats:italic>G</jats:italic>*), and entropy change of activation (∆<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>*) were also evaluated to support the findings of the kinetic measurements. The presence of any reaction intermediate other than the species in the reaction mechanism was ruled out by the spectroscopic analysis of the reaction mixture and Michaelis–Menten plot while the absence of any free radicals was confirmed by the negative polyacrylamide test. A reaction mechanism for the redox reaction of MG<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and TiCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> was proposed based on the different excited states of the MG<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> involved in the reaction and the results of the product analysis. The decolourisation of MG by the TiCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> is overall a second‐order reaction and is significantly affected by the pH of the reaction medium. The overall rate law for the redox reaction of MG and TiCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> is as follows.<jats:disp-formula> </jats:disp-formula>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141189057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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