Coloration Technology最新文献

Although the impact of smoking tobacco on human health is well understood, less is known about the effects of tobacco smoke on cotton, viscose and polyamide fabrics. In this study, tobacco smoke was applied to fabric samples to investigate the effects of tobacco smoke on their mechanical and colour properties. For this purpose, tobacco smoke was pumped into a mechanism consisting of a glass box, in which cotton, viscose and polyamide fabrics were placed in a suspended position. The fabric samples were treated with tobacco smoke for 1 or 2 months. The samples were evaluated in terms of tensile and tear strength, elongation at break, as well as pilling and abrasion resistance values. A colour measurement test was used to investigate the withering effect of tobacco smoke, and Fourier Transfer–Infrared analysis was performed to examine the chemical changes. The tensile strength values in the warp direction were 419.34, 404.62 and 421.78 N without treatment and after 1 and 2 months of tobacco smoke treatment, respectively, for the cotton woven fabric. Furthermore, for woven cotton fabric, the L* value decreased from 93.8 to 78.7 after being treated with tobacco smoke for 2 months. As a result of this study, it was determined that tobacco smoke has no effect on the tensile strength properties of fabrics, causes changes to pilling and abrasion resistance values, and adversely affects the colour properties of fabrics.

In this study, it is aimed to provide alternative fibres to cotton with enhanced comfort level, environmentally friendly and colour-enriched in the cellulosic knitted fabric field. For this purpose, in addition to 100% cotton, 100% linen, 100% hemp yarns, knitted fabrics were produced from 70% cotton/30% linen and 70% cotton/30% hemp yarns. First of all, the properties of yarns such as tenacity, elongation at break, yarn unevenness, thin places, thick places and neps were examined comparatively. Then, pique fabrics were produced from these yarns and dyed with a reactive dye to a selected colour. Afterwards, physical (weight, wale/course density), mechanical (bursting strength, pilling, abrasion resistance) and comfort (air permeability and water vapour permeability) properties of all fabric samples, both in raw form and after dyeing and finishing processes, were compared. Furthermore, dyeing properties (colour, dye-uptake, dyeing levelness, fastness) of fabric samples were also investigated. The dye uptake (%) values of the yarns decrease in the order of cotton > cotton/hemp > cotton/linen > hemp > linen. However, fastness values of dyed fabrics were nearly identical. Physical and mechanical properties of fabrics were very similar, while the air permeability of the fabrics decrease in the order of hemp > linen > cotton/hemp > cotton/linen > cotton. As a result of the study, it has been possible to produce knitted fabrics with superior performance characteristics (dyeability, comfort, etc.) from yarns produced via blending natural cellulosic fibres (flax and hemp) with certain proportions of cotton fibres, which contribute to sustainable production.

Regenerated protein fibres manufactured from food side-streams offer significant potential as circular and sustainable fibres, but greater knowledge of their dyeing properties is required. In this research, coloration of casein fibres with dyes also extracted from blackcurrant skins left over from juice pressing is explored. Casein fibre was dyed with blackcurrant extract, rich in anthocyanins, from pH 2 to pH 6 and from 40 to 80°C, with and without alum. Casein fibres could be dyed with blackcurrant extract across all conditions tested, and under optimal conditions, dyeing is achieved with medium depths of colour with good wash fastness. Highest sorption of anthocyanins onto casein is observed at pH 4, where anthocyanins are a mixture of 60% neutral purple quinonoidal base form and 40% flavylium cation form; under these conditions dye–fibre interaction is optimal. At pH 2, casein fibre has a highly positively charged surface and anthocyanin is in the flavylium cation form, leading to some dye–fibre repulsion. At pH 6, the slightly negatively charged casein fibre demonstrates lower sorption of the mixture of 40% purple quinonoidal base form and 60% the anionic quinonoidal base form, again leading to some dye–fibre repulsion. Presence of alum in the dyebath enhances sorption of anthocyanins onto fibre at pH 4 due to formation of Al–anthocyanin complexes. Wash fastness of the dyeings is better as pH increases and as temperature increases.

This review concerns the application of disperse dyes to poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres using aqueous immersion dyeing processes and the roles of both elevated dyeing temperatures and carriers in the dyeing system. The precise reasons why very high temperatures in the region of 130°C promote the uptake of disperse dyes on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres from aqueous dyebaths have not been satisfactorily resolved, nor has the exact mechanism by which carriers promote dye uptake at lower temperatures in the region of 98°C been adequately established. In this part of the review series, a detailed review and analysis is presented of the various concepts and theories that have been proposed to account for the promotional effects of temperature and carriers on disperse dye uptake, from the viewpoint of both the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the adsorption of the dyes on poly(ethylene terephthalate) and other types of fibre.

Detection of defects is an essential quality control method in fabric production. Unsupervised deep learning-based reconstruction algorithms have recently been deeply concerned owing to scarce fabric defect samples, high annotation cost, and deficient prior knowledge. Most unsupervised reconstruction models are prone to overfitting and poor generalisation performance, resulting in blurred images, residual defects, and uneven textures in the reconstruction results. On this account, an unsupervised fabric surface defect detection method using the Progressive Mask Repair Model (PMRM) has been developed. Specifically, PMRM with transformer architecture gathers detailed feature information. In order to pay closer attention to the textural properties of fabrics, the model incorporates structural similarity as a constraint in the training stage. In the detection stage, we designate the non-defective area of the fabric image as the background and the defective area as the foreground. Next, a progressive mask is applied to repair the background of the defective area, which avoids defect false detection resulting from the poor reconstruction effect of the traditional reconstruction model in the non-defective area. Finally, image processing methods such as image difference, frequency-tuned salient detection, and threshold binarisation are used to segment the defects. Relative to the other six unsupervised defect detection methods, the proposed scheme increases the F1 score and intersection over union (IoU) by at least 9.34% and 8.49%, respectively. According to the earlier results, PMRM is effective and exhibits superiority.

A nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-based colorimetric chemosensor CNA (N,N,N-trimethyl-2-(2-(7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)hydrazineyl)-2-oxoethan-1-aminium chloride) was synthesised. The sensor CNA can detect hypochlorite (ClO⁻) via colour variation of yellow to colourless. The detection limit for ClO⁻ by CNA was analysed to be 0.36 μM. Moreover, the naked-eye test strip was successfully applied for ClO⁻ detection. The probing mechanism of CNA to ClO⁻ was proposed to be a hydrolytic cleavage reaction of CNA by ClO⁻ and was demonstrated by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

This review concerns the application of disperse dyes to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibres using aqueous immersion dyeing processes and the roles of both elevated dyeing temperatures and carriers in such dyeing systems. This part of the paper presents a review of the fundamental properties and characteristics of PET fibres, disperse dyes and dyeing accelerants. In the next part of the paper, the various theories and concepts that have been proposed to explain the promotional effects imparted by elevated dyeing temperatures and carriers to disperse dye uptake on PET and other types of fibre, are reviewed and analysed, from the viewpoints of the essential physico-chemical aspects of both the aqueous disperse dye/PET and disperse dye/carrier/PET systems. Later parts of the paper will present a mechanistic model of the disperse dye adsorption process based on dye solubility as well as a novel plasticisation model of dye diffusion.

Since the water-insoluble dispersing dye has both absorption and scattering characteristics, a spatial resolution hyperspectral measurement approach and experimental testing was proposed in this article, which can collect spectral and spatial data from samples simultaneously. The concentration of 81 groups of three-component disperse dye samples were measured. However, the hyperspectral data of dye solutions in the 420–800 nm band is saturated, resulting in the inability for multispectral data processing. A segmented concentration quantitative analysis model was developed. For the unsaturated band (420–510 nm), the partial least squares (PLS), the N-way partial least squares (NPLS), and support vector machine (SVM) models using the data points on the X-axis of a two-dimensional light intensity distribution map were established. The predicted performance of PLS model was worse slightly than that of the other two models, The coefficient of determination (R²) values of concentrations for red, orange and blue disperse dye were 0.888, 0.796 and 0.959, respectively. For saturated band (520–670 nm), the NPLS and SVM models using the data points on the X- and Y-axis were established. Results shows that the prediction accuracy of concentrations of the three-component disperse dye was increased by adding additional data points on the Y-axis, with R² values of 0.944, 0.807, and 0.912, respectively. For the strong scattering band (680–800 nm), a SVM model was established, and R² of concentration of the three dyes reached 0.974, 0.933 and 0.995, respectively. The results showed that multidimensional spectroscopy method can improve the prediction accuracy of component concentration of disperse dye solution, by using more spectral information from X and Y directions.

The versatility of nanofibres enables them to be used for various technological applications such as filtration, biomedicine and healthcare, composites, protective and functional textiles. Recently, in addition to the functional properties of electrospun nanofibrous mats, their aesthetic properties have been explored. Herein, attempts have been made to develop digital ink-jet printing of regenerated cellulose nanofibrous mats with reactive inks. First, a cellulose acetate polymer was created to fabricate electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibrous mats, which were then converted into regenerated cellulose nanofibrous mats through deacetylation. Next, the cellulose nanofibrous mats were treated with an alkaline solution then coloured with four (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) commercially available reactive inks by a digital ink-jet printing method using a piezoelectric digital ink-jet printer. Various parameters were investigated, including the optimal concentration of the pretreatment agents, fixation temperature and time, colour yield and the absorbency of the electrospun nanofibrous mats. The digital ink-jet printed cellulose nanofibrous mats exhibited excellent colour yield and colour fastness properties. Morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis through Fourier Transform–infrared were also carried out.

This study aims to develop microbial indigo reduction by comparing the reducing power between Dietzia sp. KDB1 and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at some reduction conditions. Oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), colour strength (K/S), and fluorescence intensity (FI) were applied to evaluate the reduction level as a function of microorganism concentration, pH, and glucose addition at 30°C. For both of the microbial systems, ORP decreased further −20 mV and K/S increased more than two by adding glucose. The reduction level became higher slightly by adding glucose, which played a role of metabolite in both of the reduction systems. Overall, reduction level of the yeast system was about a half of KDB1 system at the same reduction condition of 45 mL volume, 15 g/L natural indigo, 6 g/L reducing agents, pH 10.0, 30°C and glucose added.