Coloration Technology最新文献

A series of vegetable oil-based nonionic Gemini surfactant (GPNGS) was prepared using grape seed oil and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (350, 550, 750) as the primary raw materials. The chemical structures of different types of GPNGS were characterised by Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of GPNGS with different polyoxyethylene chain lengths was measured using the Wilhelmy ring method (CMC: ca. 1.4 × 10⁻⁴ to 5 × 10⁻⁴ mol/L). The results of wettability testing showed that the contact angle of GPNGS on polyamide film was ca. 46-49°. In addition, the interaction of surfactants with acid dyes was also investigated. The ultraviolet spectrum showed a balance between dyes, surfactants and the dye/surfactant complex. Next, the GPNGS was used as a nylon 66 acid dye levelling agent. After adding 0.2 mmol/L of surfactants, the standard deviations (S(λ)) of nylon 66 dyeing decreased from 0.084 to ca. 0.036-0.044, exhibiting a good levelling effect.

This article compares the dyeing of cellulose diacetate (cellulose-based) and polyester fabrics using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) and aqueous media. The benefits of dyeing in SC-CO₂ were clearly demonstrated in laboratory-based and pilot-scale studies in terms of increased colour strength, uniformity, fastness and the absence of auxiliaries such as dispersing agents or surfactants. In addition, the “super-levelling” nature of the SC-CO₂ medium was demonstrated in the reprocessing of polyester “waste textile” and the re-use of the “locked-in waste” colourant. The SC-CO₂ processing medium can be utilised to accurately colour “multiple life” polyester and cellulose acetate uniformly and to creatively tie-dye polyester and cellulose acetate fabrics. Through SC-CO₂ fluid technology, we can envisage a viable waterless circular manufacturing and recycling/remanufacturing framework for the predominantly polyester global fibre market coupled to the sustainably sourced, biodegradable cellulose diacetate as a replacement for cotton. The key technical and commercial advantages being the use of a single solvent dye class for both polyester and the cellulose diacetate, saving on energy costs, integrated simpler processing, reduced water usage and associated efficient recycling. Further, repositioning the cellulosic fibre industry towards using sustainable forests is attractive in terms of improved land, water and environmental management.

It is particularly important to develop effective and specific detection methods for harmful metal ions such as the silver ion (Ag⁺) and mercury ion (Hg²⁺). In this article, a new near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (N-FP) based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect was designed and synthesised, which exhibited the characteristics of large Stokes shift (163 nm) and excellent stability. Addition of Ag⁺ or Hg²⁺ to the N-FP solution in ethanol/water (9:1, v/v) caused remarkable enhancement of fluorescence emission at 661 nm, bathochromic shift of ultraviolet-visible absorption wavelength, and colour change from orange to red or purple. While adding other metal ions including Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, Cr³⁺ and Fe³⁺ did not bring about substantial spectral and colour change. The detection limit of the N-FP for Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺ was calculated to be 1.1 and 0.72 μM, respectively. The N-FP could be used to recognise Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺ in a wide pH range of 1–10. The sensing mechanism was proposed and demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) measurements

In this work, bismuth oxychloride with a rose-type flower shape was successfully synthesised using the easy and low-cost successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction process. The tetragonal crystalline structure with a flower-like shape and thickness of 150-nm nanosheets was used as electrode material in an exciting approach for the photoelectrochemical discoloration reaction of methyl orange. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the obtained bismuth oxychloride sample were evaluated through X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Through photoelectrochemical characterisation measurements (linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques), the bismuth oxychloride electrode showed remarkable electroactivity under ultraviolet light irradiation. The methyl orange discoloration reaction, performed under ultraviolet light incidence and potential application of −0.5 V (vs silver/silver chloride) for 60 minutes, produced a higher degradation percentage (ca. 82%) and k_obs of 29 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹.

The present investigation aims to develop a method for degumming Eri silk using Sapindus (soapnut) extract and optimise it using response surface methodology (RSM). The initial experiment was conducted with 10 g/L Sapindus extract for 60 min at a boil, and the initial experiments indicated effective degumming. Further degumming experiments were conducted using RSM to optimise the process parameters, with weight loss being the primary response. The results revealed an optimised recipe for degumming was 9 g/L Sapindus extract at 92°C for 30 min, and the desirability value for this optimised recipe is 0.376. Eri silk that has been alkali-degummed loses more weight than silk degummed with Sapindus extract and soap. Comparatively speaking, degumming with Sapindus extract has a lesser impact on tensile strength than degumming with alkaline and soap. The whiteness, yellowness, brightness, and absorbency values between Sapindus extract and conventional degumming do not significantly differ. Compared with soap and Sapindus extract degumming, alkaline degummed fabric exhibits higher dye uptake. After being degummed with soap and Sapindus extract instead of alkaline, the fabric felt softer. Overall, the results show that both degumming with Sapindus extract and traditional methods are equally effective.

This study investigates the structures produced by blending ligno-cellulosic (ramie fibre, Boehmeria nivea L.) and protein fibres (mulberry silk, Bombyx Mori) with dissimilar mechanical properties. Ramie fibre, used for blending, is a ligno-cellulosic fibre with very high tenacity but low elongation. On the other hand, silk (mulberry) fibre has lower tenacity with better elongation. Blended fibrous structures have shown satisfactory tensile strength and elongation, while other physical properties, such as coefficient of friction, brightness and flexural rigidity, have also been improved. Technical findings revealed that the coefficient of friction reduced from 0.79 to 0.48 and specific work of rupture improved from 2.3 to 3.43 mJ/tex after incorporation of silk in the ligno-cellulosic fibre strand. Blended yarn cross-sectional images showed that finer silk fibres came to the surface, whereas the comparatively coarser cellulose-based ramie fibre migrated to the core. Atomic force microscopy of the blend structure was examined to assess the roughness and uniformity of the surface. Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy analysis verified the presence of amide groups (associated with silk fibre) and glucose ring groups (associated with the cellulose of Ramie fibre) in the same graph. In addition, innovative techniques of simultaneous coloration of the developed blends are also proposed scientifically.