Pub Date : 2002-04-07DOI: 10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995878
Z. Jia, Hengkun Xie
The epoxy mica insulation system has been in service as the main insulation of large generators since 1960s. The real stator bars of 18 kV/300 MW generator were used for accelerated multi-stress aging experiments to investigate the changes in the microstructure of the epoxy mica insulation. The stator insulation of large generator is composed of epoxy resin, mica and fiberglass. Study of the interface of the composite is significant for overall comprehension of its properties. A scanning electronic microscope was used to observe the pattern of the interface during the aging process, and it was found that a change in interface was the main reason of aging. The variation of components in insulation was also analyzed by the technique of infrared spectrum and X-ray energy spectrum. The results show that hydrolytic reaction occurred in the epoxy resin and the mica undergoes structural change.
{"title":"The change of microstructure of large stator winding insulation in multi-stress aging","authors":"Z. Jia, Hengkun Xie","doi":"10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995878","url":null,"abstract":"The epoxy mica insulation system has been in service as the main insulation of large generators since 1960s. The real stator bars of 18 kV/300 MW generator were used for accelerated multi-stress aging experiments to investigate the changes in the microstructure of the epoxy mica insulation. The stator insulation of large generator is composed of epoxy resin, mica and fiberglass. Study of the interface of the composite is significant for overall comprehension of its properties. A scanning electronic microscope was used to observe the pattern of the interface during the aging process, and it was found that a change in interface was the main reason of aging. The variation of components in insulation was also analyzed by the technique of infrared spectrum and X-ray energy spectrum. The results show that hydrolytic reaction occurred in the epoxy resin and the mica undergoes structural change.","PeriodicalId":10532,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.02CH37316)","volume":"163 1","pages":"49-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86384751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-07DOI: 10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995961
S. Meijer, Robert G. A. Zoetmulder, J. Smit, A. Girodet
Moving particles occurring in SF/sub 6/ gas-insulated switchgear can result in breakdown of the gaseous insulation. Therefore, it is important to trace such defects in time and to determine their risk for a possible breakdown. For this risk analysis process, the following four steps have to be taken into account: detection, location, identification and risk assessment of the defect. In this contribution, the UHF method has been used to detect insulation defects. Time-of-flight measurements can be used to locate the defect. The identification is an essential part for risk analysis of defects. Different methods can be applied based on spectral analysis or phase-resolved PD pattern analysis.
{"title":"Risk assessment of free moving particles in GIS using spectral and partial discharge analysis","authors":"S. Meijer, Robert G. A. Zoetmulder, J. Smit, A. Girodet","doi":"10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995961","url":null,"abstract":"Moving particles occurring in SF/sub 6/ gas-insulated switchgear can result in breakdown of the gaseous insulation. Therefore, it is important to trace such defects in time and to determine their risk for a possible breakdown. For this risk analysis process, the following four steps have to be taken into account: detection, location, identification and risk assessment of the defect. In this contribution, the UHF method has been used to detect insulation defects. Time-of-flight measurements can be used to locate the defect. The identification is an essential part for risk analysis of defects. Different methods can be applied based on spectral analysis or phase-resolved PD pattern analysis.","PeriodicalId":10532,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.02CH37316)","volume":"14 1","pages":"403-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91439608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-07DOI: 10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995916
F. Fong
Sylmar Converter Station (SCS) personnel have used two methods to prevent insulator flashovers. The most widely used method was to coat the HVDC insulators with a room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone coating. Once the coating was applied, no further maintenance work was done. The second less widely used method at SCS was to install composite insulators consisting of silicone rubber sheds attached to a fiberglass core. Since silicone rubber sheds are water repellent, this property eliminates the need for another surface coating. This paper examines the operational performance of using both methods at SCS to prevent flashovers.
{"title":"Operational experience on HVDC and HVAC insulators at Sylmar Converter Station","authors":"F. Fong","doi":"10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995916","url":null,"abstract":"Sylmar Converter Station (SCS) personnel have used two methods to prevent insulator flashovers. The most widely used method was to coat the HVDC insulators with a room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone coating. Once the coating was applied, no further maintenance work was done. The second less widely used method at SCS was to install composite insulators consisting of silicone rubber sheds attached to a fiberglass core. Since silicone rubber sheds are water repellent, this property eliminates the need for another surface coating. This paper examines the operational performance of using both methods at SCS to prevent flashovers.","PeriodicalId":10532,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.02CH37316)","volume":"43 1","pages":"216-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83539935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-07DOI: 10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995908
A. Akumu, F. Adachi, N. Kawaguchi, R. Ozaki, H. Ihori, M. Fujii, K. Arii
In this paper, the authors present a three-dimensional numerical simulation of partial discharge (PD) acoustic wave propagation that has been developed to provide time-domain signal representation in a model transformer. The numerical modeling of acoustic PD data is used to support interpretations of laboratory experimental data and to enhance the understanding of acoustic wave propagation in a structure like the power transformer, and hence PD source location in the same. It is intended that an extension of the work presented here, to account for real transformer geometry and also to visualize the propagation of acoustic wave fronts, will later be compared with field results. The three-dimensional wave equation, given by c/sup 2//spl nabla//sup 2/P=/spl part//sup 2/P//spl part/t/sup 2/, where c is the acoustic velocity and P the pressure wave field, defines an initial value problem and describes time evolution. The goal of the numerical code is to track that time evolution with some desired accuracy taking into consideration the boundary conditions that govern the evolution in time of points on the boundary of the spatial region of interest. This is particularly important for the satisfactory modeling of a complex structure like power transformer. In solving the above equation using the finite-difference method, of particular interest are the conditions of numerical stability. In this paper, the authors apply the stability analysis method originally developed by Von Neumann. The simulation results are in agreement with the results obtained from the laboratory experiments.
{"title":"A 3-D numerical simulation of partial discharge acoustic wave propagation in a model transformer","authors":"A. Akumu, F. Adachi, N. Kawaguchi, R. Ozaki, H. Ihori, M. Fujii, K. Arii","doi":"10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995908","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors present a three-dimensional numerical simulation of partial discharge (PD) acoustic wave propagation that has been developed to provide time-domain signal representation in a model transformer. The numerical modeling of acoustic PD data is used to support interpretations of laboratory experimental data and to enhance the understanding of acoustic wave propagation in a structure like the power transformer, and hence PD source location in the same. It is intended that an extension of the work presented here, to account for real transformer geometry and also to visualize the propagation of acoustic wave fronts, will later be compared with field results. The three-dimensional wave equation, given by c/sup 2//spl nabla//sup 2/P=/spl part//sup 2/P//spl part/t/sup 2/, where c is the acoustic velocity and P the pressure wave field, defines an initial value problem and describes time evolution. The goal of the numerical code is to track that time evolution with some desired accuracy taking into consideration the boundary conditions that govern the evolution in time of points on the boundary of the spatial region of interest. This is particularly important for the satisfactory modeling of a complex structure like power transformer. In solving the above equation using the finite-difference method, of particular interest are the conditions of numerical stability. In this paper, the authors apply the stability analysis method originally developed by Von Neumann. The simulation results are in agreement with the results obtained from the laboratory experiments.","PeriodicalId":10532,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.02CH37316)","volume":"88 1","pages":"183-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88621169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-07DOI: 10.1109/ELINSL.2002.996004
J. Timperley
There are two methods available for the online monitoring of mica-based insulation associated with high-voltage machines. Partial discharge analysis, PDA, is a time domain technique that measures and classifies electrical impulses that often occur at stator defects. Electromagnetic interference analysis, EMI, is a frequency domain technique that captures and classifies most of the high frequency electrical spectrum. This can include stator related defects as well as nonmachine related information. This paper presents a laboratory comparison of data collected by these two methods during the electrical aging of an 18 kV generator stator bar. These two techniques were found to produce similar results.
{"title":"Comparison of PDA and EMI diagnostic measurements [for machine insulation]","authors":"J. Timperley","doi":"10.1109/ELINSL.2002.996004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELINSL.2002.996004","url":null,"abstract":"There are two methods available for the online monitoring of mica-based insulation associated with high-voltage machines. Partial discharge analysis, PDA, is a time domain technique that measures and classifies electrical impulses that often occur at stator defects. Electromagnetic interference analysis, EMI, is a frequency domain technique that captures and classifies most of the high frequency electrical spectrum. This can include stator related defects as well as nonmachine related information. This paper presents a laboratory comparison of data collected by these two methods during the electrical aging of an 18 kV generator stator bar. These two techniques were found to produce similar results.","PeriodicalId":10532,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.02CH37316)","volume":"2015 1","pages":"575-578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87225819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-07DOI: 10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995988
Zhongyuan Zhao, Y. Qiu, E. Kuffel
A fractal random model namely the fractional Brownian motion (FBM) is established to describe a single PD pulse. The fractal dimension ruler variable (FDRV) and fractal dimension (FD), as two features derived through the least-square fitting, are introduced to extract characteristics from the single PD pulse. Analysis of experimental results indicates that the fractal dimension ruler variable has a higher sensitivity compared with fractal dimension, and therefore can he used as an important practical feature to recognize PD signals.
{"title":"Application of fractals to PD signal recognition","authors":"Zhongyuan Zhao, Y. Qiu, E. Kuffel","doi":"10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995988","url":null,"abstract":"A fractal random model namely the fractional Brownian motion (FBM) is established to describe a single PD pulse. The fractal dimension ruler variable (FDRV) and fractal dimension (FD), as two features derived through the least-square fitting, are introduced to extract characteristics from the single PD pulse. Analysis of experimental results indicates that the fractal dimension ruler variable has a higher sensitivity compared with fractal dimension, and therefore can he used as an important practical feature to recognize PD signals.","PeriodicalId":10532,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.02CH37316)","volume":"53 1","pages":"523-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90433132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-07DOI: 10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995936
B. Alijagic-Jonuz, P. Morshuis, J. Smit
Examination of the space charge accumulation and space charge profile of insulating materials is becoming increasingly important in the field of material research. polycarbonate with titanium dioxide filler (PCTiO/sub 2/) is an insulating material, which in many applications is used in combination with insulating oil. Therefore, examination of the space charge formation should include the influence of the insulating oil. For this purpose space charge measurements were made on PCTiO/sub 2/ specimens without any oil and on specimens that were stored in oil for some time. Differences in the space charge densities were observed. To confirm the penetration of the oil into the solid dielectric, polarisation current measurements and thermogravimetry were used.
{"title":"Influence of insulating oil on space charge formation and electrical threshold in polycarbonate with inorganic filler","authors":"B. Alijagic-Jonuz, P. Morshuis, J. Smit","doi":"10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995936","url":null,"abstract":"Examination of the space charge accumulation and space charge profile of insulating materials is becoming increasingly important in the field of material research. polycarbonate with titanium dioxide filler (PCTiO/sub 2/) is an insulating material, which in many applications is used in combination with insulating oil. Therefore, examination of the space charge formation should include the influence of the insulating oil. For this purpose space charge measurements were made on PCTiO/sub 2/ specimens without any oil and on specimens that were stored in oil for some time. Differences in the space charge densities were observed. To confirm the penetration of the oil into the solid dielectric, polarisation current measurements and thermogravimetry were used.","PeriodicalId":10532,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.02CH37316)","volume":"122 1","pages":"302-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78572531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-07DOI: 10.1109/ELINSL.2002.996000
C. Cornelissen, A. Schnettler
Polymeric materials like polyethylene and silicone rubber used in cables, joints and terminations show an electrical aging behavior. Considering the consequences of dielectric aging, effective diagnostic facilities are currently required, which have to be primarily nondestructive and which should detect as many faults as possible. Based on previous experiences it can be expected, that ultrasonic measurements and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations fulfill these requirements. In addition the possible use of these facilities for quality management is presently being investigated. The increasing miniaturization, combined with the possible application of mobile diagnostic devices, is taken into account. First results show the feasible use of these facilities for detecting inhomogeneities like impurities and electrical trees in the insulation material and for identifying variations of the cross-link density.
{"title":"Non-destructive diagnostic facilities for cable systems","authors":"C. Cornelissen, A. Schnettler","doi":"10.1109/ELINSL.2002.996000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELINSL.2002.996000","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric materials like polyethylene and silicone rubber used in cables, joints and terminations show an electrical aging behavior. Considering the consequences of dielectric aging, effective diagnostic facilities are currently required, which have to be primarily nondestructive and which should detect as many faults as possible. Based on previous experiences it can be expected, that ultrasonic measurements and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations fulfill these requirements. In addition the possible use of these facilities for quality management is presently being investigated. The increasing miniaturization, combined with the possible application of mobile diagnostic devices, is taken into account. First results show the feasible use of these facilities for detecting inhomogeneities like impurities and electrical trees in the insulation material and for identifying variations of the cross-link density.","PeriodicalId":10532,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.02CH37316)","volume":"1 1","pages":"557-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75081727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-07DOI: 10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995924
C. Boonseng, P. Apiratikul, C. Phanomsarnrin
In view of the stringent quality requirements for solid dielectric bushings, a wide range of quality assurance techniques is applied. High frequency testing is by far the most effective destructive test for screening and rejecting poor quality insulation bushings. This paper presents the design and construction of a Tesla transformer for defective insulation testing. The attempts of developing a prototype have low cost of all components. A design technique and testing method are fully given. The calculation is based on stress control so that optimum electric stress can be obtained. A high frequency generator has been tested and used in a bushing factory for routine testing according to TIS. 354-2523 (Thai Industrial Standard). From the results, a prototype unit is found to possess accuracy within an acceptable level.
{"title":"A low cost approach to design the Tesla transformer for testing of insulating materials and industrial applications","authors":"C. Boonseng, P. Apiratikul, C. Phanomsarnrin","doi":"10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995924","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the stringent quality requirements for solid dielectric bushings, a wide range of quality assurance techniques is applied. High frequency testing is by far the most effective destructive test for screening and rejecting poor quality insulation bushings. This paper presents the design and construction of a Tesla transformer for defective insulation testing. The attempts of developing a prototype have low cost of all components. A design technique and testing method are fully given. The calculation is based on stress control so that optimum electric stress can be obtained. A high frequency generator has been tested and used in a bushing factory for routine testing according to TIS. 354-2523 (Thai Industrial Standard). From the results, a prototype unit is found to possess accuracy within an acceptable level.","PeriodicalId":10532,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.02CH37316)","volume":"8 1","pages":"248-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75724862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-07DOI: 10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995886
B. Quak, E. Gulski, J. Smit, F. Wester, P. Seitz
To enable the condition assessment of distribution power cables, advanced onsite PD analysis can be used as a diagnostic tool. If the discharging site can be located, the condition of the power cable can be assessed, enabling maintenance and (partial) replacements to be executed more efficiently. Most location processes of advanced PD analysis techniques are based on the analysis of time-based signals acquired on either one or multiple cable-endings. These techniques, essentially based on the theory of travelling waves, have some limitations when used in practical situations. Where noise and disturbances can be easily suppressed, concurrency of multiple discharging sites form a challenge in the location process. This paper discusses some characteristic cases of time-based signals acquired with advanced onsite PD analysis techniques and discusses the techniques that enable the analysis process to extract the correct discharging sites from these signals.
{"title":"PD site location in distribution power cables","authors":"B. Quak, E. Gulski, J. Smit, F. Wester, P. Seitz","doi":"10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995886","url":null,"abstract":"To enable the condition assessment of distribution power cables, advanced onsite PD analysis can be used as a diagnostic tool. If the discharging site can be located, the condition of the power cable can be assessed, enabling maintenance and (partial) replacements to be executed more efficiently. Most location processes of advanced PD analysis techniques are based on the analysis of time-based signals acquired on either one or multiple cable-endings. These techniques, essentially based on the theory of travelling waves, have some limitations when used in practical situations. Where noise and disturbances can be easily suppressed, concurrency of multiple discharging sites form a challenge in the location process. This paper discusses some characteristic cases of time-based signals acquired with advanced onsite PD analysis techniques and discusses the techniques that enable the analysis process to extract the correct discharging sites from these signals.","PeriodicalId":10532,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.02CH37316)","volume":"51 1","pages":"83-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73003951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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