Polymer-modified binders in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures have become more widely used in recent years. To prevent fatigue, rutting and various distresses, different types of polymer modifiers have been utilized. This study investigates modifying asphalt mixture in dense asphalt mixture with polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) fibers. The performance test includes softening point, penetration test as physical properties, and dynamic creep test for mechanical behavior of modified PP, PE, and unmodified asphalt. The dosage of PP and PE adopted for this study was 0.5% - 2.5% by weight of the asphalt binder. The results of the study are that the effect of polypropylene and polyethylene fibers on asphalt mixture behavior is sensibly good from considering rheological and mechanical properties. Furthermore, PE offers a better blend in comparison to PP was found in softening point and penetration tests. Consequently, a modifying content of 2% of PP and PE by weight of asphalt is suggested for the enhancement of asphalt mixtures, as determined by the dynamic modulus test at 40 C. A further consideration is highlighted that combining a polymer with hot mix asphalt maximized the service life of the pavement.
{"title":"Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt Incorporating Polypropylene and Polyethylene Fibers","authors":"R. Ferdaus, K. Masri, R. Jaya, S. Shahnewaz","doi":"10.4028/p-sl037b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-sl037b","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer-modified binders in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures have become more widely used in recent years. To prevent fatigue, rutting and various distresses, different types of polymer modifiers have been utilized. This study investigates modifying asphalt mixture in dense asphalt mixture with polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) fibers. The performance test includes softening point, penetration test as physical properties, and dynamic creep test for mechanical behavior of modified PP, PE, and unmodified asphalt. The dosage of PP and PE adopted for this study was 0.5% - 2.5% by weight of the asphalt binder. The results of the study are that the effect of polypropylene and polyethylene fibers on asphalt mixture behavior is sensibly good from considering rheological and mechanical properties. Furthermore, PE offers a better blend in comparison to PP was found in softening point and penetration tests. Consequently, a modifying content of 2% of PP and PE by weight of asphalt is suggested for the enhancement of asphalt mixtures, as determined by the dynamic modulus test at 40 C. A further consideration is highlighted that combining a polymer with hot mix asphalt maximized the service life of the pavement.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"9 1","pages":"115 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82497268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leong Yee Foon, Rokiah Binti Othman, R. Jaya, M. Sulaiman, Y. Duraisamy
Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BRRP) is a new composite material made from basalt fibre, and resin matrix. It has been introduced to replace steel rebars as the main component of reinforced concrete structures because of their corrosion resistance under aggressive environments. This study investigates the mechanical properties of BFRP and the degradation state exposed to the alkaline environment and compares the corrosion rate with steel rebars. The flexural strength properties are tested as the parameter of mechanical properties. The results show that the flexural strength of BFRP is affected by immersion time (100h, 500h, 1000h) significantly. SEM results show mechanism of corrosion state that cracked resin matrix occurred and EDS results indicate the percentage components especially silicon elements that detected increased after corroded. This research identifies a current knowledge gap and can be serve as a reference point for further studies on the properties of BFRP bars to replace steel bars for safe and economic reinforced concrete structures in alkaline environments.
{"title":"Durability of Basalt Rebars under Alkaline Environment","authors":"Leong Yee Foon, Rokiah Binti Othman, R. Jaya, M. Sulaiman, Y. Duraisamy","doi":"10.4028/p-hr94qc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-hr94qc","url":null,"abstract":"Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BRRP) is a new composite material made from basalt fibre, and resin matrix. It has been introduced to replace steel rebars as the main component of reinforced concrete structures because of their corrosion resistance under aggressive environments. This study investigates the mechanical properties of BFRP and the degradation state exposed to the alkaline environment and compares the corrosion rate with steel rebars. The flexural strength properties are tested as the parameter of mechanical properties. The results show that the flexural strength of BFRP is affected by immersion time (100h, 500h, 1000h) significantly. SEM results show mechanism of corrosion state that cracked resin matrix occurred and EDS results indicate the percentage components especially silicon elements that detected increased after corroded. This research identifies a current knowledge gap and can be serve as a reference point for further studies on the properties of BFRP bars to replace steel bars for safe and economic reinforced concrete structures in alkaline environments.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"24 1","pages":"35 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73583173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. Samsudin, A. K. Arshad, K. Masri, Mohd Khairul Afzan Mohd Lazi, Hasmawati Mat Hassan, E. Shaffie
The use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to observe the microstructure of asphalt binder promises a better insight compared to other microscopy techniques. In this study, AFM was used to investigate the effect of nanosilica concentration and aging conditions on the microstructure of asphalt binders. Asphalt binder penetration grade of 60/70 was modified with nanosilica (NS) by varying its concentration ranging from 1% to 5% (with the increment of 1%). Nanosilica modified binder (NSMB) were aged using a pressure aging vessel (PAV). The microstructure of the NSMB before and after aging were characterized using tapping mode of the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of nanosilica (NS) addition and PAV ageing on the phase distribution, size of ‘bee’ structure and surface roughness of the asphalt binder were investigated. Based on this study, it was found that the addition of NS into asphalt binder tended to increase the distribution of the catana phase, as well as increasing the size of the bee structure and surface roughness of the AFM image. Besides that, the after long-term ageing was applied, the number of the bee structure and distribution of catana and peri phase also increased. It can be concluded that the addition of NS and aging increased the overall surface stiffness of the bitumen and has made the material surface more solid-like.
{"title":"The Influence of Colloidal Nanosilica on Microstructure of Asphalt Binder After Long-Term Aging","authors":"M. S. Samsudin, A. K. Arshad, K. Masri, Mohd Khairul Afzan Mohd Lazi, Hasmawati Mat Hassan, E. Shaffie","doi":"10.4028/p-yo6318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-yo6318","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to observe the microstructure of asphalt binder promises a better insight compared to other microscopy techniques. In this study, AFM was used to investigate the effect of nanosilica concentration and aging conditions on the microstructure of asphalt binders. Asphalt binder penetration grade of 60/70 was modified with nanosilica (NS) by varying its concentration ranging from 1% to 5% (with the increment of 1%). Nanosilica modified binder (NSMB) were aged using a pressure aging vessel (PAV). The microstructure of the NSMB before and after aging were characterized using tapping mode of the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of nanosilica (NS) addition and PAV ageing on the phase distribution, size of ‘bee’ structure and surface roughness of the asphalt binder were investigated. Based on this study, it was found that the addition of NS into asphalt binder tended to increase the distribution of the catana phase, as well as increasing the size of the bee structure and surface roughness of the AFM image. Besides that, the after long-term ageing was applied, the number of the bee structure and distribution of catana and peri phase also increased. It can be concluded that the addition of NS and aging increased the overall surface stiffness of the bitumen and has made the material surface more solid-like.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"104 1","pages":"101 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79301282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This short review article describes the types of organisms associated with biocorrosion of normal strength concrete (NSC). The individual groups of organisms are listed in descending order according to the generally accepted degree of aggression towards concrete samples, and the causal links between the organisms and the type of infestation are always listed. Bacteria (especially sulfurization and nitrification), representatives of fungi, lichens and bryophytes are discussed. The provided pictorial photo documentation shows typical representatives whose aggressiveness towards concrete has been recorded by professional studies.
{"title":"Introductory Chapter to Microbially Induced Deterioration of Concrete – Focus on Groups of Typical Microorganisms","authors":"P. Pokorný","doi":"10.4028/p-b158qz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-b158qz","url":null,"abstract":"This short review article describes the types of organisms associated with biocorrosion of normal strength concrete (NSC). The individual groups of organisms are listed in descending order according to the generally accepted degree of aggression towards concrete samples, and the causal links between the organisms and the type of infestation are always listed. Bacteria (especially sulfurization and nitrification), representatives of fungi, lichens and bryophytes are discussed. The provided pictorial photo documentation shows typical representatives whose aggressiveness towards concrete has been recorded by professional studies.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"85 1","pages":"73 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83919474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Baranek, L. Mészárošová, R. Drochytka, G. Yakovlev
Electrical conductive composite materials are nowadays widely used in many industrial applications include building materials. One of the possible applications is as a resistance probe. Those probes were designed to monitor internal structural changes of building materials built into construction and to predict their durability, over-load, or defects. Mostly used composite materials are silicate or biopolymer-based with carbon-based filler. This article is dedicated to the study of the microstructure of silicate-based electrically conductive composites with graphite-based fillers. The microstructural shape of fillers was chosen concerning preserving as high conductivity as possible. Furthermore, the effect of moisture on the electrically conductive properties of the silicate composite was monitored.
{"title":"Study of Microstructure of Electrically Conductive Silicate Composites with Graphite-Based Fillers","authors":"S. Baranek, L. Mészárošová, R. Drochytka, G. Yakovlev","doi":"10.4028/p-4kq682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-4kq682","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical conductive composite materials are nowadays widely used in many industrial applications include building materials. One of the possible applications is as a resistance probe. Those probes were designed to monitor internal structural changes of building materials built into construction and to predict their durability, over-load, or defects. Mostly used composite materials are silicate or biopolymer-based with carbon-based filler. This article is dedicated to the study of the microstructure of silicate-based electrically conductive composites with graphite-based fillers. The microstructural shape of fillers was chosen concerning preserving as high conductivity as possible. Furthermore, the effect of moisture on the electrically conductive properties of the silicate composite was monitored.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"8 1","pages":"45 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91479428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many existing steel railway bridges, often recognized and protected for their heritage value, are exposed to degradation and increasing traffic loads and their reliability needs to be assessed. The key question is whether a particular bridge can be preserved, or needs to be strengthened or replaced. The main aspect in decision-making is specification of the target reliability. Development and wider use of the adjusted partial factor method seem to be reasonable to find the balance between demands on the input information, computational complexity, and improvements in reliability assessment. Adjusted partial factors are based on the relevant statistical parameters for basic variables and a selected target reliability index. In this contribution, the effect of the target reliability on updated partial factors are demonstrated. The case study illustrates that the target reliability levels recommended in various documents for new and existing structures are inconsistent in terms of the values and criteria according to which these values are to be selected. Consequently, the values of the partial factors for assessment may be significantly dissimilar.
{"title":"Effect of Target Reliability Level on Partial Factors for Existing Steel Railway Bridges","authors":"V. Nadolski, M. Holicky, M. Sýkora","doi":"10.4028/p-0yrf72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-0yrf72","url":null,"abstract":"Many existing steel railway bridges, often recognized and protected for their heritage value, are exposed to degradation and increasing traffic loads and their reliability needs to be assessed. The key question is whether a particular bridge can be preserved, or needs to be strengthened or replaced. The main aspect in decision-making is specification of the target reliability. Development and wider use of the adjusted partial factor method seem to be reasonable to find the balance between demands on the input information, computational complexity, and improvements in reliability assessment. Adjusted partial factors are based on the relevant statistical parameters for basic variables and a selected target reliability index. In this contribution, the effect of the target reliability on updated partial factors are demonstrated. The case study illustrates that the target reliability levels recommended in various documents for new and existing structures are inconsistent in terms of the values and criteria according to which these values are to be selected. Consequently, the values of the partial factors for assessment may be significantly dissimilar.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"31 1","pages":"63 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91307834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the issue of detection of internal defects and failures of concrete structures with emphasis on the use of non-destructive methods. All parts of the structure that reduce its service life or bearing capacity can be considered as internal defects and failures. These are, for example, gravel nests, cracks, delamination, caverns etc. Due to the prevalence of concrete structures, the development of this part of diagnostics is very important both for the safety of their users and to reduce the economic costs of their future repairs.
{"title":"Detection of Internal Defects and Failures of Concrete Structures Using Non-Destructive Methods","authors":"J. Šnédar, Vojtěch Bartoň, P. Cikrle","doi":"10.4028/p-4096k1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-4096k1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the issue of detection of internal defects and failures of concrete structures with emphasis on the use of non-destructive methods. All parts of the structure that reduce its service life or bearing capacity can be considered as internal defects and failures. These are, for example, gravel nests, cracks, delamination, caverns etc. Due to the prevalence of concrete structures, the development of this part of diagnostics is very important both for the safety of their users and to reduce the economic costs of their future repairs.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"24 1 1","pages":"39 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77050273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rehabilitation of a historic farmstead originated from 17-18th century is focused on the strengthening and preservation of structures including masonry vaults in existing agricultural buildings and underground corridor near Prague. For specification of the actual strength of masonry and also for the determination of material characteristics, the physically-chemical analysis of mortar was prepared. The estimation of actual masonry strength makes it easier to rebuilt two masonry vaults and also to strengthen existing historical corridor which leaded in the past to the ruins of castle. Principles of ISO 13822 for the assessment of existing structures and CSN 73 0038 is applied for the verification of the reliability level of historical masonry vaults which represent an important aspect of the culture of its period and could be considered to have some heritage value.
{"title":"Rehabilitation of Historic Farmstead near Klecany","authors":"J. Marková, P. Pokorný, P. Marek","doi":"10.4028/p-tdr25c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-tdr25c","url":null,"abstract":"Rehabilitation of a historic farmstead originated from 17-18th century is focused on the strengthening and preservation of structures including masonry vaults in existing agricultural buildings and underground corridor near Prague. For specification of the actual strength of masonry and also for the determination of material characteristics, the physically-chemical analysis of mortar was prepared. The estimation of actual masonry strength makes it easier to rebuilt two masonry vaults and also to strengthen existing historical corridor which leaded in the past to the ruins of castle. Principles of ISO 13822 for the assessment of existing structures and CSN 73 0038 is applied for the verification of the reliability level of historical masonry vaults which represent an important aspect of the culture of its period and could be considered to have some heritage value.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"1 1","pages":"9 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79850023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Testing methods used for assessment of buildings considered as a cultural heritage are focused mainly on non-destructive testing methods. Old buildings are usually sensitive to destructive in-situ testing, and a variety of non-destructive techniques (NDT) are frequently used. One of the most commonly used sensors are accelerometers, which can measure vibrations of different part of structures. These can be used in either continuous monitoring or in short-time assessment. Impact-Echo is a well-known method which can locate defects, caverns, or damaged parts not only in industry-level structures, but also in preservation of cultural heritage. This type of measurement requires attaching a sensor to the surface of the observed element. This is in most cases done by adhesives which can damage the more porous structures. In this paper a comparison of two different sensor types in testing of reference concrete elements is presented: contact piezoceramic accelerometer; non-contact MEMS type microphone. Signals recorded by each sensor type are assessed by the statistical method of feature extraction.
{"title":"Comparison of Different Sensors Used in the Assessment of Concrete Elements by Impact-Echo Method","authors":"Jan Puchýř, R. Dvořák, Adam Hubáček, Z. Chobola","doi":"10.4028/p-e23h9r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-e23h9r","url":null,"abstract":"Testing methods used for assessment of buildings considered as a cultural heritage are focused mainly on non-destructive testing methods. Old buildings are usually sensitive to destructive in-situ testing, and a variety of non-destructive techniques (NDT) are frequently used. One of the most commonly used sensors are accelerometers, which can measure vibrations of different part of structures. These can be used in either continuous monitoring or in short-time assessment. Impact-Echo is a well-known method which can locate defects, caverns, or damaged parts not only in industry-level structures, but also in preservation of cultural heritage. This type of measurement requires attaching a sensor to the surface of the observed element. This is in most cases done by adhesives which can damage the more porous structures. In this paper a comparison of two different sensor types in testing of reference concrete elements is presented: contact piezoceramic accelerometer; non-contact MEMS type microphone. Signals recorded by each sensor type are assessed by the statistical method of feature extraction.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"19 1","pages":"31 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83917342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with church microclimate monitoring and describes microclimatic changes within one year. The monitoring period was the year 2020. Based on the results of long-term monitoring and taking into account the temperature of the inner surface temperature of masonry was executed simulation in 2D software to analyze surface temperature according to the agency of moisture on the surface of the perimeter wall. Attention was targeted to the determination of the period to the occurrence of adverse events (condensation of water vapor and occurrence of mild).
{"title":"Long-Term Monitoring Side Chapel Church from the Point of View of Formation and Course of Condensation on its Inner Surface","authors":"L. Kudrnáčová, L. Balík, Karel Hurtig","doi":"10.4028/p-6ov3fa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-6ov3fa","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with church microclimate monitoring and describes microclimatic changes within one year. The monitoring period was the year 2020. Based on the results of long-term monitoring and taking into account the temperature of the inner surface temperature of masonry was executed simulation in 2D software to analyze surface temperature according to the agency of moisture on the surface of the perimeter wall. Attention was targeted to the determination of the period to the occurrence of adverse events (condensation of water vapor and occurrence of mild).","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"46 1","pages":"23 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90878101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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