Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwc3
J. Bühler, Y. Prior
Diamond Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition has developed in the last years to the point of being commercially used in industrial applications1). Due to the superiority of many of its properties, applications of diamond films can be found in the tool industry (e.g. wear resistant coatings), semiconductor industry (e.g. heat conductive substrates) and optical industry (sturdy optical coatings). The early nucleation stages, however, are still not fully understood.
{"title":"Backscattering-CARS on CVD Diamond","authors":"J. Bühler, Y. Prior","doi":"10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwc3","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition has developed in the last years to the point of being commercially used in industrial applications1). Due to the superiority of many of its properties, applications of diamond films can be found in the tool industry (e.g. wear resistant coatings), semiconductor industry (e.g. heat conductive substrates) and optical industry (sturdy optical coatings). The early nucleation stages, however, are still not fully understood.","PeriodicalId":10610,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80426328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwk2
C. Medrano, I. Biaggio, G. Montemezzani, P. Günter, I. Poberaj
In many lidar applications laser sources capable of producing high energy laser pulses with a diffraction imited wavefront are required. The energy of the pulses is usually increased by adding one or several optical amplifier stages. However the optical amplifiers tend to degrade the wavefront quality to several times the diffraction limit. Phase conjugate mirrors for beam aberration correction have been proposed [1].
{"title":"Phase Conjugation Based on a Brillouin Liquid at 1.06µm and 2.09µm","authors":"C. Medrano, I. Biaggio, G. Montemezzani, P. Günter, I. Poberaj","doi":"10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwk2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwk2","url":null,"abstract":"In many lidar applications laser sources capable of producing high energy laser pulses with a diffraction imited wavefront are required. The energy of the pulses is usually increased by adding one or several optical amplifier stages. However the optical amplifiers tend to degrade the wavefront quality to several times the diffraction limit. Phase conjugate mirrors for beam aberration correction have been proposed [1].","PeriodicalId":10610,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86329872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwf28
Adam Smith, N. Manson, A. J. Silversmith, R. Henderson
KLiYF5 is a promising new laser host crystal. Nd3+:KLiYF5 forms the basis of a low threshold infrared laser1, and has also been characterized for its potential as an upconversion laser.2 We have measured the low temperature excitation and emission spectra of a single crystal of 1% Er3+: KLiYF5. The rare earth ions reside in two similar but optically separable sites. The similarity of the centers is obvious because of one to one correlation in the number of spectral lines, similar strengths and polarisations of transitions, and very small shifts in energy (typically less than 10cm1) between corresponding levels. Selective excitation and emission experiments have been performed using a pulsed tunable dye laser in the wavelength range 450nm to 700nm. With a combination of excitation and emission experiments, positions of all levels below 25,000cm-1 have been determined. Lifetimes relevant to the upconversion work have been measured.
{"title":"Site Selective Excitation and Upconversion in Er3+:KLiYF5","authors":"Adam Smith, N. Manson, A. J. Silversmith, R. Henderson","doi":"10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwf28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwf28","url":null,"abstract":"KLiYF5 is a promising new laser host crystal. Nd3+:KLiYF5 forms the basis of a low threshold infrared laser1, and has also been characterized for its potential as an upconversion laser.2 We have measured the low temperature excitation and emission spectra of a single crystal of 1% Er3+: KLiYF5. The rare earth ions reside in two similar but optically separable sites. The similarity of the centers is obvious because of one to one correlation in the number of spectral lines, similar strengths and polarisations of transitions, and very small shifts in energy (typically less than 10cm1) between corresponding levels. Selective excitation and emission experiments have been performed using a pulsed tunable dye laser in the wavelength range 450nm to 700nm. With a combination of excitation and emission experiments, positions of all levels below 25,000cm-1 have been determined. Lifetimes relevant to the upconversion work have been measured.","PeriodicalId":10610,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79901338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cthf7
E. Daran, D. Shepherd, T. Schweizer
The wavelength range near 3μm has many applications in medical processes due to an overlap with the absorption spectrum of water. Emission of the Er3+ ion near 2.8μm, which operates on the transition from 4I11/2 to 4I13/2 is especially promising as it can be pumped by either 800nm GaAlAs or 980nm InGaAlAs diodes, paving the way for a compact device with low electrical energy consumption.
{"title":"2.8μm emission of Er-doped CaF2 planar waveguides fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy","authors":"E. Daran, D. Shepherd, T. Schweizer","doi":"10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cthf7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cthf7","url":null,"abstract":"The wavelength range near 3μm has many applications in medical processes due to an overlap with the absorption spectrum of water. Emission of the Er3+ ion near 2.8μm, which operates on the transition from 4I11/2 to 4I13/2 is especially promising as it can be pumped by either 800nm GaAlAs or 980nm InGaAlAs diodes, paving the way for a compact device with low electrical energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":10610,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81121756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwc5
R. Putnam, D. Lancaster
The generation of tunable narrow-band light in the mid-infrared region is of considerable interest in pollution monitoring, remote sensing and trace gas detection. Nonlinear difference frequency mixing (DFM) is one of several techniques which allow access to the important 3-20 μm region, where many molecules have fundamental absorptions. Recent advances in single longitudinal mode high-power diode-laser technology, coupled with new developments based on periodic poling of non-linear crystals and improved growth techniques for birefringently phasematched crystals (such as GaSe), has made DFM a promising approach for a compact broadly tunable, narrowband infrared source. A judicious selection of pump laser wavelengths and non-linear crystals will allow most of the mid-infrared spectral region to be accessible by DFM. Our approach involves DFM of two high power single longitudinal mode diode lasers in the non-linear crystal, GaSe. We combine the broad tuning-range of the diode lasers with the extended critical phasematching range of GaSe to produce a widely tunable system with which we have implemented computer controlled diode frequency tuning, automatic crystal angle positioning, and automatic alignment of the pump beams into the crystal.
{"title":"A Fully Automated Diode Laser Based Difference Frequency Spectrometer Tunable from 12-16 μm","authors":"R. Putnam, D. Lancaster","doi":"10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwc5","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of tunable narrow-band light in the mid-infrared region is of considerable interest in pollution monitoring, remote sensing and trace gas detection. Nonlinear difference frequency mixing (DFM) is one of several techniques which allow access to the important 3-20 μm region, where many molecules have fundamental absorptions. Recent advances in single longitudinal mode high-power diode-laser technology, coupled with new developments based on periodic poling of non-linear crystals and improved growth techniques for birefringently phasematched crystals (such as GaSe), has made DFM a promising approach for a compact broadly tunable, narrowband infrared source. A judicious selection of pump laser wavelengths and non-linear crystals will allow most of the mid-infrared spectral region to be accessible by DFM. Our approach involves DFM of two high power single longitudinal mode diode lasers in the non-linear crystal, GaSe. We combine the broad tuning-range of the diode lasers with the extended critical phasematching range of GaSe to produce a widely tunable system with which we have implemented computer controlled diode frequency tuning, automatic crystal angle positioning, and automatic alignment of the pump beams into the crystal.","PeriodicalId":10610,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82690284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.ctui37
A. Kent, P. Skovgaard, J. McInerney, J. Moloney, R. Indik, C. Ning
Semiconductor lasers which emit several watts into a single diffraction-limited lobe are extremely promising for a large range of applications such as free-space communication and pumping of fibre lasers and amplifiers. To date the most successful of these have been flared oscillators [1] and master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) [2] devices. Both classes of device are limited by filamentation, transverse beam instabilities and. in the case of the MOPA. reflection induced noise.
{"title":"Optimisation of flared semiconductor lasers and MOPAs","authors":"A. Kent, P. Skovgaard, J. McInerney, J. Moloney, R. Indik, C. Ning","doi":"10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.ctui37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.ctui37","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor lasers which emit several watts into a single diffraction-limited lobe are extremely promising for a large range of applications such as free-space communication and pumping of fibre lasers and amplifiers. To date the most successful of these have been flared oscillators [1] and master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) [2] devices. Both classes of device are limited by filamentation, transverse beam instabilities and. in the case of the MOPA. reflection induced noise.","PeriodicalId":10610,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87356121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cfi4
R. Jenkins, R. Devereux, A. F. Blockley
The paper describes a novel integrated optics approach to coherent 10.6μm LIDAR systems. The concept is based on using hollow waveguides to guide light between components located in a common dielectric substrate. The concept, referred to as Hollow Waveguide Integrated Optics (HOW-IO), has advantages in relation to achieving and maintaining good coherent mixing efficiencies and has the potential to: reduce size, increase ruggedness and lower manufacturing costs. The figure shows a plan view photograph of a HOW-IO interferometer subsystem which we have realised in practice. The integrated components and interconnecting waveguides are clearly visible. The subsystem was formed in a 180×190×20mm polycrystalline alumina substrate using a computer controlled milling machine. Polycrystalline alumina was chosen as the substrate and lid material because its optical properties, in conjunction with waveguides of appropriate cross section, allow the realisation of low attenuation coefficients at 10.6μm.
{"title":"An Integrated Optic Approach to 10μm LIDAR","authors":"R. Jenkins, R. Devereux, A. F. Blockley","doi":"10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cfi4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cfi4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a novel integrated optics approach to coherent 10.6μm LIDAR systems. The concept is based on using hollow waveguides to guide light between components located in a common dielectric substrate. The concept, referred to as Hollow Waveguide Integrated Optics (HOW-IO), has advantages in relation to achieving and maintaining good coherent mixing efficiencies and has the potential to: reduce size, increase ruggedness and lower manufacturing costs. The figure shows a plan view photograph of a HOW-IO interferometer subsystem which we have realised in practice. The integrated components and interconnecting waveguides are clearly visible. The subsystem was formed in a 180×190×20mm polycrystalline alumina substrate using a computer controlled milling machine. Polycrystalline alumina was chosen as the substrate and lid material because its optical properties, in conjunction with waveguides of appropriate cross section, allow the realisation of low attenuation coefficients at 10.6μm.","PeriodicalId":10610,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81445905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cma4
A. Poppe, L. Xu, A. Fürbach, M. Lenzner, F. Krausz, C. Spielmann
Femtosecond light pulses are important tools for time-resolved spectroscopy and nonlinear optics owing to their ultrashort duration and high peak power, respectively. However, intensities in excess of 1012 W/cm2 have not been demonstrated with these systems, limiting their utility for nonlinear optics. In this contribution we demonstrate that recent innovations in sub-10fs laser technology now allow generating i) sub-10fs optical pulses with a peak power of 1.5 MW and ii) intensities greater than 5 × 1013 W/cm2, a never- before-accessed range at repetition rates of a≈ 100 MHz. This performance is achieved with a compact all-solid-state system and opens up the way towards the investigation and possible exploitation of nonperturbative nonlinear optical processes at repetition rates of around 100 MHz for the first time.
{"title":"A 7-fs Ti:sapphire laser focusable to 5 × 1013 W/cm2","authors":"A. Poppe, L. Xu, A. Fürbach, M. Lenzner, F. Krausz, C. Spielmann","doi":"10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cma4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cma4","url":null,"abstract":"Femtosecond light pulses are important tools for time-resolved spectroscopy and nonlinear optics owing to their ultrashort duration and high peak power, respectively. However, intensities in excess of 1012 W/cm2 have not been demonstrated with these systems, limiting their utility for nonlinear optics. In this contribution we demonstrate that recent innovations in sub-10fs laser technology now allow generating i) sub-10fs optical pulses with a peak power of 1.5 MW and ii) intensities greater than 5 × 1013 W/cm2, a never- before-accessed range at repetition rates of a≈ 100 MHz. This performance is achieved with a compact all-solid-state system and opens up the way towards the investigation and possible exploitation of nonperturbative nonlinear optical processes at repetition rates of around 100 MHz for the first time.","PeriodicalId":10610,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85280235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cpd1.4
F. Futami, K. Kikuchi
Recently, we have succeeded in generating the very flat super-continuum (SC) spectrum wider than 200 nm centered at 1550 nm by using a dispersion-flattened fiber having a small normal group-velocity dispersion (GVD) [1]. Since such SC pulse has linear up-chirp across the entire pulse width, we may compress the pulse width to its Fourier-transform-limited (TL) value by using an appropriate amount of anomalous GVD.
{"title":"Generation of 200-fs Fourier-Transform-Limited Optical Pulses at 1550 nm from Super-Continuum Obtained by a Mode-Locked Semiconductor Laser","authors":"F. Futami, K. Kikuchi","doi":"10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cpd1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cpd1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, we have succeeded in generating the very flat super-continuum (SC) spectrum wider than 200 nm centered at 1550 nm by using a dispersion-flattened fiber having a small normal group-velocity dispersion (GVD) [1]. Since such SC pulse has linear up-chirp across the entire pulse width, we may compress the pulse width to its Fourier-transform-limited (TL) value by using an appropriate amount of anomalous GVD.","PeriodicalId":10610,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85628346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cpd1.12
M. Klein, D. Lee, J. Meyn, B. Beier, K. Boller, R. Wallenstein
So far, diode-pumped operation of continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators (cw-OPO) has been possible only by resonating two or three of the interacting waves, in order to reduce the threshold to below the available diode pump power. [1,2] We demonstrate a cw-OPO which is directly pumped by a diode-laser and is operated with a cavity which provides low losses only for the signal wave.
{"title":"Diode-pumped continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator","authors":"M. Klein, D. Lee, J. Meyn, B. Beier, K. Boller, R. Wallenstein","doi":"10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cpd1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cpd1.12","url":null,"abstract":"So far, diode-pumped operation of continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators (cw-OPO) has been possible only by resonating two or three of the interacting waves, in order to reduce the threshold to below the available diode pump power. [1,2] We demonstrate a cw-OPO which is directly pumped by a diode-laser and is operated with a cavity which provides low losses only for the signal wave.","PeriodicalId":10610,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80982675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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