Pub Date : 2021-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2159-5313/2021.02.007
J. Lane
Socio-biology has become popular with Wilson and Dawkins. How to theorize human evolution and selfishness? One must recognize the frequent occurrence of war in human civilization. Hobbes and Spinoza were realist recognizing selfishness. Now, mankind faces both climate change and nuclear confrontation. The only remedy is intergovernmental coordination. But it is slow characterized by myopia and opportunism as well as egoism. Tocqueville stated that Napoleon “democratized” war arriving with 10 times as many soldiers as feudal kings, increasing human misery even more. Could human evolution come to an end?
{"title":"Evolution and Human Activity","authors":"J. Lane","doi":"10.17265/2159-5313/2021.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5313/2021.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"Socio-biology has become popular with Wilson and Dawkins. How to theorize human evolution and selfishness? One must recognize the frequent occurrence of war in human civilization. Hobbes and Spinoza were realist recognizing selfishness. Now, mankind faces both climate change and nuclear confrontation. The only remedy is intergovernmental coordination. But it is slow characterized by myopia and opportunism as well as egoism. Tocqueville stated that Napoleon “democratized” war arriving with 10 times as many soldiers as feudal kings, increasing human misery even more. Could human evolution come to an end?","PeriodicalId":106117,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Theory: Political Philosophy (Topic)","volume":"1219 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120877144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of knowledge is to understand our world in the context of an evolving body of ideas, actually in a physical Universe in continuous transformation. Thus, science, a privileged form of enquiry, should be a homogeneous and interconnected endeavour spanning from physics and chemistry to biochemistry and biology, from biology to human and social sciences. In this talk we shall approach, through an impressionistic personal view, the similarities and the differences of development of the various branches of science. We shall briefly discuss how this cross-sectional view might map the way on how to overcome the great challenges and crossroads of our time.
{"title":"Reflections of a Physicist on the Cultural Ocean of His Time","authors":"O. Bertolami","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3833973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3833973","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of knowledge is to understand our world in the context of an evolving body of ideas, actually in a physical Universe in continuous transformation. Thus, science, a privileged form of enquiry, should be a homogeneous and interconnected endeavour spanning from physics and chemistry to biochemistry and biology, from biology to human and social sciences. In this talk we shall approach, through an impressionistic personal view, the similarities and the differences of development of the various branches of science. We shall briefly discuss how this cross-sectional view might map the way on how to overcome the great challenges and crossroads of our time.","PeriodicalId":106117,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Theory: Political Philosophy (Topic)","volume":"113 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134492294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the difference between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (a distinction originally made by the sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies) and suggests there has been a strong shift towards Gesellschaft—a societal model where human associations are governed by rationality and self-interest, and interactions are of a more impersonal nature. With this transition has come a rise in individualism, contributing to the emergence of the “I” society—a social entity that is characterized by conspicuous narcissistic behavior.
Characteristics of narcissistic behavior are described. Attention is given to developmental factors that augment people’s insecurities. In addition, it is suggested that social media (in particular, referring to the millennial generation and beyond) have become a virtual surrogate in helping people cope with feelings of insecurity by over-publicizing themselves—a pattern that is contributing to the emergence of the “I” society. Taking an individual, organizational, and societal perspective, recommendations are made on how to prevent this trend to become more prominent.
{"title":"Living in the 'I' World","authors":"M. Kets de Vries","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3300601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3300601","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the difference between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (a distinction originally made by the sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies) and suggests there has been a strong shift towards Gesellschaft—a societal model where human associations are governed by rationality and self-interest, and interactions are of a more impersonal nature. With this transition has come a rise in individualism, contributing to the emergence of the “I” society—a social entity that is characterized by conspicuous narcissistic behavior.<br><br>Characteristics of narcissistic behavior are described. Attention is given to developmental factors that augment people’s insecurities. In addition, it is suggested that social media (in particular, referring to the millennial generation and beyond) have become a virtual surrogate in helping people cope with feelings of insecurity by over-publicizing themselves—a pattern that is contributing to the emergence of the “I” society. Taking an individual, organizational, and societal perspective, recommendations are made on how to prevent this trend to become more prominent.","PeriodicalId":106117,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Theory: Political Philosophy (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115297404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We experiment with integrating economics and ethics in a form that could be described as literary-critical economic nonfiction. After offering an interpretation of Percy Shelley's “Prometheus Unbound,” we map the modern world of commerce into our interpretation of the lyrical drama to revivify bourgeois life as Shelley revivifies the Promethean story with his own take on the myth. In doing so we make Shelley’s purpose our own, “to familiarize” our readers “with beautiful idealisms of moral excellence” in their everyday lives of commerce. Shelley’s point and ours is that any socio-economic revolution, whether from the left or the right, will ultimately fail if it is fomented by despair, anger, and hate.
{"title":"Commerce Unbound: A Modern Promethean Story","authors":"J. Osborn, B. Wilson, Gus P Gradinger","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2859643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2859643","url":null,"abstract":"We experiment with integrating economics and ethics in a form that could be described as literary-critical economic nonfiction. After offering an interpretation of Percy Shelley's “Prometheus Unbound,” we map the modern world of commerce into our interpretation of the lyrical drama to revivify bourgeois life as Shelley revivifies the Promethean story with his own take on the myth. In doing so we make Shelley’s purpose our own, “to familiarize” our readers “with beautiful idealisms of moral excellence” in their everyday lives of commerce. Shelley’s point and ours is that any socio-economic revolution, whether from the left or the right, will ultimately fail if it is fomented by despair, anger, and hate.","PeriodicalId":106117,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Theory: Political Philosophy (Topic)","volume":"7 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129780303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-06DOI: 10.20316/ESE.2017.43.002
Q. Vuong, N. Napier
In this essay, we share our experience and learning about the value of, and the difficulty associated with, conducting and presenting scientific studies in ways that are both simple (understandable) and beautiful (appealing to the reader). We describe some “aha moments” of insight that led to changes in the way we approach and present research, some of the actions we took, and lessons we learned.
{"title":"Academic Research: The Difficulty of Being Simple and Beautiful","authors":"Q. Vuong, N. Napier","doi":"10.20316/ESE.2017.43.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20316/ESE.2017.43.002","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay, we share our experience and learning about the value of, and the difficulty associated with, conducting and presenting scientific studies in ways that are both simple (understandable) and beautiful (appealing to the reader). We describe some “aha moments” of insight that led to changes in the way we approach and present research, some of the actions we took, and lessons we learned.","PeriodicalId":106117,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Theory: Political Philosophy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130598802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyzes the potential and development of explanatory concept of "utopian imagination", the distinction between epistemic and normative dimensions of utopia. We consider the research programs in which the negation of the principle of neutrality of the value qualifies as a utopian practice in the normative sense, the class of Utopias that build linkages between social order and human nature (anthropological utopia), as well as the connection between the utopian imagination and the actual sociological thinking style. Stand stable characteristics of the utopian imagination, which combine epistemic and normative measure utopia: criticism, imazhinativnost, Universalism, Constructivism, transcendentism, denial of everyday life. Implemented conceptualization of the concept of "utopian imagination" as a common element of competing models explaining the social order. Using the concept of heterotopia made case report - an example of the ethnographic museum. Based on the consideration of the possibility of everyday morality it demonstrates that people in the performance of their practical activities also rely on the resources of the imagination. Substantiates the existence of different types of everyday imagination.
{"title":"Трансформация Моделей Объяснения в Социальных Науках: Утопическое Воображение Как Ресурс Социологического Теоретизирования (Transformation Models of Explanation in the Social Sciences: The Utopian Imagination as a Resource for Sociological Theorizing)","authors":"V. Vakhshtayn, M. Erofeeva","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2665697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2665697","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the potential and development of explanatory concept of \"utopian imagination\", the distinction between epistemic and normative dimensions of utopia. We consider the research programs in which the negation of the principle of neutrality of the value qualifies as a utopian practice in the normative sense, the class of Utopias that build linkages between social order and human nature (anthropological utopia), as well as the connection between the utopian imagination and the actual sociological thinking style. Stand stable characteristics of the utopian imagination, which combine epistemic and normative measure utopia: criticism, imazhinativnost, Universalism, Constructivism, transcendentism, denial of everyday life. Implemented conceptualization of the concept of \"utopian imagination\" as a common element of competing models explaining the social order. Using the concept of heterotopia made case report - an example of the ethnographic museum. Based on the consideration of the possibility of everyday morality it demonstrates that people in the performance of their practical activities also rely on the resources of the imagination. Substantiates the existence of different types of everyday imagination.","PeriodicalId":106117,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Theory: Political Philosophy (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125134087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examines the relationship between political reality, political theory and political facts. Political facts appear only together with the emergence of the political theory. Increasing number of theories always means increasing number of facts. A source from which political facts are drawn is political reality. Reality is incomprehensible, infinite, inexhaustible that is it has most of the characteristics that medieval philosophers endowed God. The key moment in the relationship between theory and facts is that theories “cover” – that is link in a consistent system – only a very small number of facts. As a result, theories almost never compete with each other, analysis of most political processes requires involvement of several theories, and forming causal chains of facts is difficult or even impossible. Due to political theories origin, in particular, their close relationship with their creators’ personalities and their principal, essential normativity such theories can exist, to a certain extent, in parallel, independently of political reality.
{"title":"Theory, Facts and Political Reality","authors":"A. Shvyrkov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2709300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2709300","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the relationship between political reality, political theory and political facts. Political facts appear only together with the emergence of the political theory. Increasing number of theories always means increasing number of facts. A source from which political facts are drawn is political reality. Reality is incomprehensible, infinite, inexhaustible that is it has most of the characteristics that medieval philosophers endowed God. The key moment in the relationship between theory and facts is that theories “cover” – that is link in a consistent system – only a very small number of facts. As a result, theories almost never compete with each other, analysis of most political processes requires involvement of several theories, and forming causal chains of facts is difficult or even impossible. Due to political theories origin, in particular, their close relationship with their creators’ personalities and their principal, essential normativity such theories can exist, to a certain extent, in parallel, independently of political reality.","PeriodicalId":106117,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Theory: Political Philosophy (Topic)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124317051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Portuguese Abstract: A teoria das organizacoes envolve muitas facetas em nossa historia, um conjunto organizado por pessoas com finalidades em comum, as quais formam parte de redes de poder social, constituindo relacoes de forcas e articulando-se em formas de visibilidades com aparatos institucionais. O exercicio do poder propicia o saber ao qual se converte em instrumento deste poder. Neste contexto o pensador e estudioso, Michel Foucault, exerce influencia significativa na teoria das organizacoes, revelando o poder em analise organizacional. Desta forma o presente estudo pode ser compreendido como uma sintese e posteriormente uma analise sobre o poder e as organizacoes. O estudo e exploratorio e qualitativo, tendo como base a pesquisa bibliografica e documental. O objetivo da pesquisa descreve como o pensamento de Foucault influenciou a reflexao do entendimento do poder nas organizacoes e como as instituicoes de ensino integram esta teoria das organizacoes com os processos educativos e sociais no universo educacional. Como resultado compartilhamos a analise de questoes da educacao, suas funcoes sociais, seu historico universitario, processos de socializacao e o elemento humano componente da sociedade em consonância com as teorias das organizacoes educacionais, propiciando o processo de construcao do conhecimento. English Abstract: The organization theory involves many facets in our history, a group organized by people with common purposes, which form part of social networks of power, constituting forces of relationships and articulating in forms of visibility with institutional apparatuses. The exercise of power provides the knowledge which becomes the instrument of this power. In this context the thinker and scholar, Michel Foucault, has significant influence on the theory of organizations, revealing the power in organizational analysis. Thus, the present study can be understood as a synthesis and then an analysis of power and organizations. The study is exploratory and qualitative, based on bibliographic and documentary research. The objective of the research describes how Foucault's thought influenced the power of understanding of reflection in organizations and how educational institutions integrate this theory of organizations with educational and social processes in the educational universe. As a result share analysis of education issues, their social functions, their university history, socialization processes and the human element component of society in line with the theories of educational organizations, providing the knowledge construction process.
{"title":"Teoria Das Organizações: O Poder No Pensamento de Michel Foucault, Com um Olhar na Universidade (Theory of Organizations: The Power in Michel Foucault Thought with a Look at the University)","authors":"Eliana Rosa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2989116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2989116","url":null,"abstract":"Portuguese Abstract: A teoria das organizacoes envolve muitas facetas em nossa historia, um conjunto organizado por pessoas com finalidades em comum, as quais formam parte de redes de poder social, constituindo relacoes de forcas e articulando-se em formas de visibilidades com aparatos institucionais. O exercicio do poder propicia o saber ao qual se converte em instrumento deste poder. Neste contexto o pensador e estudioso, Michel Foucault, exerce influencia significativa na teoria das organizacoes, revelando o poder em analise organizacional. Desta forma o presente estudo pode ser compreendido como uma sintese e posteriormente uma analise sobre o poder e as organizacoes. O estudo e exploratorio e qualitativo, tendo como base a pesquisa bibliografica e documental. O objetivo da pesquisa descreve como o pensamento de Foucault influenciou a reflexao do entendimento do poder nas organizacoes e como as instituicoes de ensino integram esta teoria das organizacoes com os processos educativos e sociais no universo educacional. Como resultado compartilhamos a analise de questoes da educacao, suas funcoes sociais, seu historico universitario, processos de socializacao e o elemento humano componente da sociedade em consonância com as teorias das organizacoes educacionais, propiciando o processo de construcao do conhecimento. \u0000English Abstract: The organization theory involves many facets in our history, a group organized by people with common purposes, which form part of social networks of power, constituting forces of relationships and articulating in forms of visibility with institutional apparatuses. The exercise of power provides the knowledge which becomes the instrument of this power. In this context the thinker and scholar, Michel Foucault, has significant influence on the theory of organizations, revealing the power in organizational analysis. Thus, the present study can be understood as a synthesis and then an analysis of power and organizations. The study is exploratory and qualitative, based on bibliographic and documentary research. The objective of the research describes how Foucault's thought influenced the power of understanding of reflection in organizations and how educational institutions integrate this theory of organizations with educational and social processes in the educational universe. As a result share analysis of education issues, their social functions, their university history, socialization processes and the human element component of society in line with the theories of educational organizations, providing the knowledge construction process.","PeriodicalId":106117,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Theory: Political Philosophy (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122845579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We argue that the canonical reading of Hayek often falls short of the implications of Hayek’s insights. We present Hayek’s "knowledge problem" (how order in a society is possible without the required knowledge for that order being possessed by any particular individual), and we discuss some of the implications that follow from Hayek’s work. We show that Hayek’s "knowledge problem" has deep economic and philosophical implications.
{"title":"Economic and Philosophical Implications of Hayek's 'Knowledge Problem'","authors":"N. Cachanosky, Alexandre Padilla","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2436649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2436649","url":null,"abstract":"We argue that the canonical reading of Hayek often falls short of the implications of Hayek’s insights. We present Hayek’s \"knowledge problem\" (how order in a society is possible without the required knowledge for that order being possessed by any particular individual), and we discuss some of the implications that follow from Hayek’s work. We show that Hayek’s \"knowledge problem\" has deep economic and philosophical implications.","PeriodicalId":106117,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Theory: Political Philosophy (Topic)","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133350008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of sovereignty is one of the key issues of political philosophy as it prompts a key political question: “Who has the supreme state power?” Who is sovereign: the people, the representation, the monarch or God? The research of this topic was one of the most popular and fruitful areas in political philosophy of the 19th century. In his meditations on sovereignty Francois Guizot was seeking answers to specific questions, such as the causes of decline of the Revolution and the fall of the Napoleonic Empire, the fate of the Bourbon dynasty and vitality of the 1814 Charter. An examination of Guizot’s sovereignty conception would help to reconstruct an important part of political theory of this thinker, shed light on the philosophical roots of French liberalism, demonstrate the ideology’s relation to democratic tradition and reveal complex thinking concerning the status of the sovereignty problem in political practice
{"title":"The Problem of Sovereignty in the Liberal Conservatism of François Guizot","authors":"S. Matveev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2500164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2500164","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of sovereignty is one of the key issues of political philosophy as it prompts a key political question: “Who has the supreme state power?” Who is sovereign: the people, the representation, the monarch or God? The research of this topic was one of the most popular and fruitful areas in political philosophy of the 19th century. In his meditations on sovereignty Francois Guizot was seeking answers to specific questions, such as the causes of decline of the Revolution and the fall of the Napoleonic Empire, the fate of the Bourbon dynasty and vitality of the 1814 Charter. An examination of Guizot’s sovereignty conception would help to reconstruct an important part of political theory of this thinker, shed light on the philosophical roots of French liberalism, demonstrate the ideology’s relation to democratic tradition and reveal complex thinking concerning the status of the sovereignty problem in political practice","PeriodicalId":106117,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Theory: Political Philosophy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129613966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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