Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110392957
R. Brumback
{"title":"Steven Sandberg-Lewis Functional Gastroenterology. Assessing and Addressing the Causes of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Portland, OR: NCNM Press, 2009. 199 pp. $34.95. ISBN 978-0-9771435-1-1","authors":"R. Brumback","doi":"10.1177/1533210110392957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110392957","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"80 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74118389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110392956
R. Brumback
{"title":"Kathi J. Kemper Mental Health, Naturally Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2010. 621 pp. $19.95. ISBN 978-1-58110-310-6","authors":"R. Brumback","doi":"10.1177/1533210110392956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110392956","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"80 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85482986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110392944
Z. Horvath, L. Vécsei
The current increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity is a growing burden for society. Consideration must therefore be given to compounds capable of slowing down these pathological processes without significant adverse effects. The natural vitamins pantetheine/pantothenic acid are major precursors of coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein, which are essential for fatty acid oxidation and participate in the metabolism of cholesterol and carbohydrates and in at least 70 other enzymatic processes. Following a number of theoretical considerations and clinical observations, various clinical studies have revealed that they possess significant beneficial effects. In particular, they demonstrate useful moderating effects on vascular pathological processes, lowering lipid levels, and inhibiting platelet functions and lipid peroxidation. Although they are natural, well-tolerated therapeutic agents, few controlled clinical trials have been conducted. The available data suggest the need for larger clinical trials and possible use of pantetheine/pantothenic acid as adjuvant therapy.
{"title":"Treatment With Pantethine","authors":"Z. Horvath, L. Vécsei","doi":"10.1177/1533210110392944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110392944","url":null,"abstract":"The current increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity is a growing burden for society. Consideration must therefore be given to compounds capable of slowing down these pathological processes without significant adverse effects. The natural vitamins pantetheine/pantothenic acid are major precursors of coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein, which are essential for fatty acid oxidation and participate in the metabolism of cholesterol and carbohydrates and in at least 70 other enzymatic processes. Following a number of theoretical considerations and clinical observations, various clinical studies have revealed that they possess significant beneficial effects. In particular, they demonstrate useful moderating effects on vascular pathological processes, lowering lipid levels, and inhibiting platelet functions and lipid peroxidation. Although they are natural, well-tolerated therapeutic agents, few controlled clinical trials have been conducted. The available data suggest the need for larger clinical trials and possible use of pantetheine/pantothenic acid as adjuvant therapy.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"21 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90909425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110392953
Jennifer T. Truong, S. Booth
Vitamin K is traditionally recognized for its role in blood clotting. More recently, new roles for vitamin K have emerged. The current evidence for the role of vitamin K in bone, cardiovascular, and reproductive health will be discussed. There will be a particular focus on populations who could be at risk for vitamin K deficiency.
{"title":"Emerging Issues in Vitamin K Research","authors":"Jennifer T. Truong, S. Booth","doi":"10.1177/1533210110392953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110392953","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin K is traditionally recognized for its role in blood clotting. More recently, new roles for vitamin K have emerged. The current evidence for the role of vitamin K in bone, cardiovascular, and reproductive health will be discussed. There will be a particular focus on populations who could be at risk for vitamin K deficiency.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"73 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75627915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110392941
Aviva Fattal-Valevski
Thiamine (vitamin B 1) was the first B vitamin to have been identified. It serves as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in energy metabolism. The thiamine-dependent enzymes are important for the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and for the production of reducing substances used in oxidant stress defenses, as well as for the synthesis of pentoses used as nucleic acid precursors. Thiamine plays a central role in cerebral metabolism. Its deficiency results in dry beriberi, a peripheral neuropathy, wet beriberi, a cardiomyopathy with edema and lactic acidosis, and Wernicke—Korsakoff syndrome, whose manifestations consist of nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia evolving into confusion, retrograde amnesia, cognitive impairment, and confabulation. Patients on a strict thiamine-deficient diet display a state of severe depletion within 18 days. The most common cause of thiamine deficiency in affluent countries is either alcoholism or malnutrition in nonalcoholic patients. Treatment by thiamine supplementation is beneficial for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
{"title":"Thiamine (Vitamin B1)","authors":"Aviva Fattal-Valevski","doi":"10.1177/1533210110392941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110392941","url":null,"abstract":"Thiamine (vitamin B 1) was the first B vitamin to have been identified. It serves as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in energy metabolism. The thiamine-dependent enzymes are important for the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and for the production of reducing substances used in oxidant stress defenses, as well as for the synthesis of pentoses used as nucleic acid precursors. Thiamine plays a central role in cerebral metabolism. Its deficiency results in dry beriberi, a peripheral neuropathy, wet beriberi, a cardiomyopathy with edema and lactic acidosis, and Wernicke—Korsakoff syndrome, whose manifestations consist of nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia evolving into confusion, retrograde amnesia, cognitive impairment, and confabulation. Patients on a strict thiamine-deficient diet display a state of severe depletion within 18 days. The most common cause of thiamine deficiency in affluent countries is either alcoholism or malnutrition in nonalcoholic patients. Treatment by thiamine supplementation is beneficial for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"12 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89481554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110392940
R. Brumback
Beginning with the dawn of human consciousness, disease and death have perplexed mankind and resulted in a variety of mystical, religious, and mythological explanations. Stories such as ‘‘Pandora’s box’’ helped provide a reason for disease and other human afflictions. As human societies appeared, certain individuals claimed to be endowed with a special knowledge concerning disease and death, and such personages are evident in early writings from communities in Asia, Africa, and Europe and in the oral traditions of other groups. With advancing civilization, knowledge concerning disease and death became codified and treatises were developed, such as the various papyri attributed to Imhotep in Egypt, the Corpus Hippocraticum from ancient Greece, the writings of Galen of Pergamon in Imperial Rome, the alQ an un fi’l-tibb (Canon of Medicine) by the Central Asian Islamic physician Ab u ‘Al i al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd All ah ibn S in a (also known as Ibn S in a or Avicenna), the Nei Ching Su Wen attributed to the Chinese Yellow Emperor Huang Ti, and the Hindu texts Atharvaveda, Caraka Samhita, and Sushruta Samhita. Over centuries, various adherents came to view these writings as hallowed texts. Although scientific inquiry provided stuttering advances in a variety of disciplines such as mathematics, chemistry, and physics (particularly after the European Renaissance), medicine tended to adhere to the ancient wisdom of these sacred teachings. For example, even though the Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek could see microorganisms with his microscope as early as the 1600s, the germ theory of disease did not reach ascendency until the late 1800s. Until science finally insinuated its way into medical thought in the 19th century, more harm than good generally resulted from care by the supposed healers. Even during the American Civil War (1861-1865), the accepted medical therapy for injuries and illness that could not be treated by amputation was either bloodletting or administration of calomel (mercurous chloride) purgatives, and not unexpectedly most patients receiving such treatments did not survive. Although by the 1800s university-trained physicians in Europe and America could finally begin to categorize and diagnose diseases based on some scientific understanding, the results of their treatments were generally no better than that of any other healing discipline. In fact, the famous 1891 painting The Doctor by Sir Luke Fildes depicted the ‘‘physician in our time’’ who could offer no effective therapy but instead could only sit in vigil until the child either miraculously recovered or died (Figure 1). Thus, from the early-1800s until the mid-1900s (through World War II), there was an explosion of health care theories and disciplines, many offering treatments that were less gruesome and equally effective (or ineffective) as compared with those advocated by the universitytrained medical establishment. Unfortunately, this was also a period of exponential growth
自人类意识出现以来，疾病和死亡一直困扰着人类，并产生了各种神秘的、宗教的和神话的解释。像“潘多拉的盒子”这样的故事为疾病和其他人类苦难提供了一个原因。随着人类社会的出现，某些人声称被赋予了关于疾病和死亡的特殊知识，这些人物在亚洲、非洲和欧洲社区的早期著作以及其他群体的口头传统中都很明显。随着文明的进步，关于疾病和死亡的知识被编纂成法典，论文也得到了发展，比如埃及印和阗的各种纸莎草纸，古希腊的《希波克拉底文集》，罗马帝国佩加蒙的盖伦的著作，中亚伊斯兰医生Ab u ' Al ' i Al - husayn ibn ' Abd All ah ibn S in a(也被称为ibn S in a或Avicenna)的alQ an un fi ' l-tibb(医学经典)，《内经苏文》被认为是中国的《黄** Ti》，而印度教的《阿达婆吠陀》、《卡拉卡Samhita》和《苏斯鲁塔Samhita》。几个世纪以来，各种信徒开始将这些著作视为神圣的文本。尽管科学探究在数学、化学和物理等学科上提供了断断续续的进步(尤其是在欧洲文艺复兴之后)，但医学倾向于坚持这些神圣教义的古老智慧。例如，尽管荷兰科学家安东尼·范·列文虎克(Antonie van Leeuwenhoek)早在17世纪就可以用显微镜看到微生物，但细菌致病理论直到19世纪末才占据主导地位。直到19世纪科学最终进入医学思想之前，所谓的治愈者的治疗通常造成的伤害大于好处。即使在美国南北战争(1861-1865)期间，对于无法通过截肢治疗的伤病，公认的医学治疗方法要么是放血，要么是使用甘汞(氯化汞)泻药，不出所料，大多数接受这种治疗的病人都没有活下来。尽管到了19世纪，欧洲和美国受过大学教育的医生终于可以根据一些科学知识对疾病进行分类和诊断，但他们的治疗结果总体上并不比任何其他治疗学科好。事实上，卢克·菲尔德斯爵士1891年的著名画作《医生》描绘了“我们这个时代的医生”，他不能提供有效的治疗，只能坐在那里守夜，直到孩子奇迹般地康复或死亡(图1)。因此，从19世纪初到20世纪中期(直到第二次世界大战)，医疗保健理论和学科出现了爆炸式增长。许多医院提供的治疗方法不那么可怕，而且与那些受过大学教育的医疗机构所提倡的治疗方法一样有效(或无效)。不幸的是，这也是一个骗子和江湖骗子呈指数增长的时期。即使根据1910年著名的Flexner报告对医学教育进行了改革，大多数疾病仍然没有成功的治疗方案。有趣的是，尽管治疗选择相对较差，但死亡率实际上下降了，寿命延长了，部分原因可能是由于对传染病有了更好的了解，公共卫生得到了改善。从20世纪30年代到80年代，在令人兴奋的半个世纪里，医学取得了惊人的突破，使医学走到了最前沿，公众开始相信，所有的疾病最终都是可以征服的，医生们开出的现代医学疗法是“灵丹妙药”。这一时期引入了有效的抗生素，这使得外科医生威廉·斯图尔特(William Stewart)在1969年告诉美国国会，是时候“结束传染病的历史了”。抗击瘟疫的战争结束了。治疗精神疾病的药物消除了对精神病院和相关野蛮程序的需求，如镣铐、休克疗法和额叶切除术。外科手术变得更安全、更常规，包括心脏直视手术和肾脏、心脏和肝脏的器官移植。疫苗的发展基本上消除了小儿麻痹症、麻疹和腮腺炎等儿童疾病的威胁。本来没有孩子的妇女可以通过药物或
{"title":"JEBCAM: Rebirth Brings New Life to an Old Journal and Scientific Scrutiny to the Field","authors":"R. Brumback","doi":"10.1177/1533210110392940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110392940","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning with the dawn of human consciousness, disease and death have perplexed mankind and resulted in a variety of mystical, religious, and mythological explanations. Stories such as ‘‘Pandora’s box’’ helped provide a reason for disease and other human afflictions. As human societies appeared, certain individuals claimed to be endowed with a special knowledge concerning disease and death, and such personages are evident in early writings from communities in Asia, Africa, and Europe and in the oral traditions of other groups. With advancing civilization, knowledge concerning disease and death became codified and treatises were developed, such as the various papyri attributed to Imhotep in Egypt, the Corpus Hippocraticum from ancient Greece, the writings of Galen of Pergamon in Imperial Rome, the alQ an un fi’l-tibb (Canon of Medicine) by the Central Asian Islamic physician Ab u ‘Al i al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd All ah ibn S in a (also known as Ibn S in a or Avicenna), the Nei Ching Su Wen attributed to the Chinese Yellow Emperor Huang Ti, and the Hindu texts Atharvaveda, Caraka Samhita, and Sushruta Samhita. Over centuries, various adherents came to view these writings as hallowed texts. Although scientific inquiry provided stuttering advances in a variety of disciplines such as mathematics, chemistry, and physics (particularly after the European Renaissance), medicine tended to adhere to the ancient wisdom of these sacred teachings. For example, even though the Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek could see microorganisms with his microscope as early as the 1600s, the germ theory of disease did not reach ascendency until the late 1800s. Until science finally insinuated its way into medical thought in the 19th century, more harm than good generally resulted from care by the supposed healers. Even during the American Civil War (1861-1865), the accepted medical therapy for injuries and illness that could not be treated by amputation was either bloodletting or administration of calomel (mercurous chloride) purgatives, and not unexpectedly most patients receiving such treatments did not survive. Although by the 1800s university-trained physicians in Europe and America could finally begin to categorize and diagnose diseases based on some scientific understanding, the results of their treatments were generally no better than that of any other healing discipline. In fact, the famous 1891 painting The Doctor by Sir Luke Fildes depicted the ‘‘physician in our time’’ who could offer no effective therapy but instead could only sit in vigil until the child either miraculously recovered or died (Figure 1). Thus, from the early-1800s until the mid-1900s (through World War II), there was an explosion of health care theories and disciplines, many offering treatments that were less gruesome and equally effective (or ineffective) as compared with those advocated by the universitytrained medical establishment. Unfortunately, this was also a period of exponential growth","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"11 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74423718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110392952
J. Lappe
Vitamin D deficiency is pandemic, spanning many continents and including all ages, genders and racial/ethnic groups. Currently, world-wide attention is focused on the importance of vitamin D in optimizing health and preventing disease. This focus is largely the result of the scientific discovery that vitamin D receptors are present in nearly every tissue and cell in the body and that adequate vitamin D status is essential for optimal functioning of these tissues and cells. An impressive body of research has accumulated over the past two decades providing new information about the role of vitamin D in prevention of a broad range of diseases. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of this new information.
{"title":"The Role of Vitamin D in Human Health: A Paradigm Shift","authors":"J. Lappe","doi":"10.1177/1533210110392952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110392952","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D deficiency is pandemic, spanning many continents and including all ages, genders and racial/ethnic groups. Currently, world-wide attention is focused on the importance of vitamin D in optimizing health and preventing disease. This focus is largely the result of the scientific discovery that vitamin D receptors are present in nearly every tissue and cell in the body and that adequate vitamin D status is essential for optimal functioning of these tissues and cells. An impressive body of research has accumulated over the past two decades providing new information about the role of vitamin D in prevention of a broad range of diseases. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of this new information.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"50 1","pages":"58 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79793495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110392946
D. Bender
There is good agreement concerning average requirements and reference intakes for vitamin B6 but less agreement over safe upper levels from supplements. High-dose supplements cause sensory nerve damage. Supplements of vitamin B6 have been advocated for treatment of the premenstrual syndrome, with little evidence of efficacy. There are plausible mechanisms for an antidepressant action and protection against steroid hormone—dependent cancers but no evidence from clinical trials. Pyridoxamine reduces the glycation of proteins and so could be beneficial in preventing the adverse effects of poor glycemic control in diabetes. There are plausible mechanisms for an antihypertensive action but only suggestive evidence from small intervention trials. There is no evidence that supplements of vitamin B6 have any beneficial effect in hyperhomocysteinemia. There is neither a plausible mechanism nor any evidence from controlled trials for any effect of supplements of vitamin B6 in preventing a decline in cognitive function with aging, amelioration of dementia or autism, or improvement of the carpal tunnel syndrome.
{"title":"Vitamin B6: Beyond Adequacy","authors":"D. Bender","doi":"10.1177/1533210110392946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110392946","url":null,"abstract":"There is good agreement concerning average requirements and reference intakes for vitamin B6 but less agreement over safe upper levels from supplements. High-dose supplements cause sensory nerve damage. Supplements of vitamin B6 have been advocated for treatment of the premenstrual syndrome, with little evidence of efficacy. There are plausible mechanisms for an antidepressant action and protection against steroid hormone—dependent cancers but no evidence from clinical trials. Pyridoxamine reduces the glycation of proteins and so could be beneficial in preventing the adverse effects of poor glycemic control in diabetes. There are plausible mechanisms for an antihypertensive action but only suggestive evidence from small intervention trials. There is no evidence that supplements of vitamin B6 have any beneficial effect in hyperhomocysteinemia. There is neither a plausible mechanism nor any evidence from controlled trials for any effect of supplements of vitamin B6 in preventing a decline in cognitive function with aging, amelioration of dementia or autism, or improvement of the carpal tunnel syndrome.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"29 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83843114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110392947
C. Fernández-Mejía, Maria-Luisa Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of vitamins has opened new perspectives regarding the relationship between nutritional signals and biological functions, which, in turn, has led to the development of new therapeutic agents. Although little is known about water-soluble vitamins as genetic modulators, evidence about their effects on gene expression has grown. In the case of biotin, besides its role as a carboxylase prosthetic group, it also affects gene expression and has a wide repertoire of effects on biological functions. Only recently, the role of pharmacological concentrations of biotin on systemic functions has attracted attention, and it is now being reconsidered with the help of new technologies. This novel approach could lead to new perspectives in its use as a therapeutic agent. The present review is focused on the effects of pharmacological concentrations of biotin on several biological functions and on the biotin signaling pathways that participate in gene expression.
{"title":"Biological Effects of Pharmacological Concentrations of Biotin","authors":"C. Fernández-Mejía, Maria-Luisa Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy","doi":"10.1177/1533210110392947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110392947","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the molecular mechanisms of vitamins has opened new perspectives regarding the relationship between nutritional signals and biological functions, which, in turn, has led to the development of new therapeutic agents. Although little is known about water-soluble vitamins as genetic modulators, evidence about their effects on gene expression has grown. In the case of biotin, besides its role as a carboxylase prosthetic group, it also affects gene expression and has a wide repertoire of effects on biological functions. Only recently, the role of pharmacological concentrations of biotin on systemic functions has attracted attention, and it is now being reconsidered with the help of new technologies. This novel approach could lead to new perspectives in its use as a therapeutic agent. The present review is focused on the effects of pharmacological concentrations of biotin on several biological functions and on the biotin signaling pathways that participate in gene expression.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"40 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90073301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110392951
A. Schlueter, C. Johnston
Vitamin C functions in enzyme activation, oxidative stress reduction, and immune function. There is considerable evidence that vitamin C protects against respiratory tract infections and reduces risk for cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Current trials are examining the efficacy of intravenous vitamin C as cancer therapy. Many experts believe that the recommended intakes for vitamin C (45 to 90 mg daily) are several orders of magnitude too low to support optimal vitamin C functionality. Also, there is a misperception that vitamin C deficiency disease (scurvy) is largely historical and rarely observed in developed nations. Physical symptoms of scurvy include swelling of the lower extremities, bleeding gums, fatigue, and hemorrhaging, as well as psychological problems, including depression, hysteria, and social introversion. The long-term safety of vitamin C supplementation seems evident as large investigations have noted reduced risk of mortality in vitamin C supplementing populations and in those with elevated plasma vitamin C concentrations.
{"title":"Vitamin C: Overview and Update","authors":"A. Schlueter, C. Johnston","doi":"10.1177/1533210110392951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110392951","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin C functions in enzyme activation, oxidative stress reduction, and immune function. There is considerable evidence that vitamin C protects against respiratory tract infections and reduces risk for cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Current trials are examining the efficacy of intravenous vitamin C as cancer therapy. Many experts believe that the recommended intakes for vitamin C (45 to 90 mg daily) are several orders of magnitude too low to support optimal vitamin C functionality. Also, there is a misperception that vitamin C deficiency disease (scurvy) is largely historical and rarely observed in developed nations. Physical symptoms of scurvy include swelling of the lower extremities, bleeding gums, fatigue, and hemorrhaging, as well as psychological problems, including depression, hysteria, and social introversion. The long-term safety of vitamin C supplementation seems evident as large investigations have noted reduced risk of mortality in vitamin C supplementing populations and in those with elevated plasma vitamin C concentrations.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"70 1","pages":"49 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84091671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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