Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110374640
S. Stumpf, D. E. Kendall, M. Hardy
There is a place for the acupuncture profession within primary care. Nationwide, community clinics that serve the population of under- and uninsured persons are facing a tremendous shortage of primary care practitioners. Marginalized health care professions, that is, acupuncture, chiropractic, and naturopathy, are being drawn into a primary care role. An unanticipated workforce opportunity exists to fill the caregiver gap in community clinics. This transition can be quickly realized in states such as California where statutory code states that acupuncture is to be regulated and controlled as a primary care profession, but the requisite training has yet to be provided. Specific clinical experience in primary care settings would help overcome long-standing barriers that have resulted in the marginalization of the profession, high under- and unemployment among acupuncturists, and result in greater access to acupuncture treatment. A 1-year primary care training program for licensed acupuncturists (LAcs), which features clinical and didactic training, akin to what a physician assistant receives, would prepare acupuncturists to work in mainstream medicine. With appropriate training and biomedical collaboration skills, the participation of acupuncturists in mainstream medical settings can be accomplished with support from the acupuncture profession and mainstream medicine.
{"title":"Mainstreaming Acupuncture: Barriers and Solutions","authors":"S. Stumpf, D. E. Kendall, M. Hardy","doi":"10.1177/1533210110374640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110374640","url":null,"abstract":"There is a place for the acupuncture profession within primary care. Nationwide, community clinics that serve the population of under- and uninsured persons are facing a tremendous shortage of primary care practitioners. Marginalized health care professions, that is, acupuncture, chiropractic, and naturopathy, are being drawn into a primary care role. An unanticipated workforce opportunity exists to fill the caregiver gap in community clinics. This transition can be quickly realized in states such as California where statutory code states that acupuncture is to be regulated and controlled as a primary care profession, but the requisite training has yet to be provided. Specific clinical experience in primary care settings would help overcome long-standing barriers that have resulted in the marginalization of the profession, high under- and unemployment among acupuncturists, and result in greater access to acupuncture treatment. A 1-year primary care training program for licensed acupuncturists (LAcs), which features clinical and didactic training, akin to what a physician assistant receives, would prepare acupuncturists to work in mainstream medicine. With appropriate training and biomedical collaboration skills, the participation of acupuncturists in mainstream medical settings can be accomplished with support from the acupuncture profession and mainstream medicine.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"13 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87944068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110377884
S. Stumpf, M. Hardy, D. E. Kendall, C. R. Carr
Acupuncture was first legalized in Maryland in 1973. By the end of 2009, regulatory legislation had passed in all but six states. The growth of acupuncture is most commonly measured by its well-documented demand as a treatment modality and the rapid increase in the number of licensees. Much less documented is a puzzling stagnation in work opportunities and income. As many as half of all licensees, on graduation and licensure, may be unable to support themselves by working in their chosen profession. However, unlike other well-established complementary and alternative health professions, such as chiropractic and massage, acupuncture is conspicuously absent from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics occupations manual, with only a handful of secondary and incomplete studies available, which together provide an inexact picture of the workforce. In this article, the authors review seven reports that provide limited information including hours worked, income, and practice type. Although data from these published articles are not standard, it can be reasonably concluded from the available information that, over the past decade, 50% of the licensed acupuncture (LAc) workforce is working less than 30 hr weekly; 50% are earning less than $50,000 on average; and the number of LAcs working independently in practice, either in their own office or sharing one, has increased from approximately 75% to 90%. Suggestions are presented for conducting a much needed comprehensive analysis of the acupuncture workforce.
{"title":"Unveiling the United States Acupuncture Workforce","authors":"S. Stumpf, M. Hardy, D. E. Kendall, C. R. Carr","doi":"10.1177/1533210110377884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110377884","url":null,"abstract":"Acupuncture was first legalized in Maryland in 1973. By the end of 2009, regulatory legislation had passed in all but six states. The growth of acupuncture is most commonly measured by its well-documented demand as a treatment modality and the rapid increase in the number of licensees. Much less documented is a puzzling stagnation in work opportunities and income. As many as half of all licensees, on graduation and licensure, may be unable to support themselves by working in their chosen profession. However, unlike other well-established complementary and alternative health professions, such as chiropractic and massage, acupuncture is conspicuously absent from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics occupations manual, with only a handful of secondary and incomplete studies available, which together provide an inexact picture of the workforce. In this article, the authors review seven reports that provide limited information including hours worked, income, and practice type. Although data from these published articles are not standard, it can be reasonably concluded from the available information that, over the past decade, 50% of the licensed acupuncture (LAc) workforce is working less than 30 hr weekly; 50% are earning less than $50,000 on average; and the number of LAcs working independently in practice, either in their own office or sharing one, has increased from approximately 75% to 90%. Suggestions are presented for conducting a much needed comprehensive analysis of the acupuncture workforce.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"31 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81985480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110374639
Sharon W. Bertrand
Nurses are increasingly using Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for relief of personal health issues. The purpose of this qualitative case study is to explore how nurses’ TCM experiences affect nurses’ professional identities and practices. Symbolic interaction is the research framework used. Mixed methods of coding facilitate data analysis. Sociological theories explain the findings. The study included 20 semistructured interviews of 10 practicing nurses and 10 faculty members in the Twin Cities area of Minnesota. The data provide the basis for several new conclusions. Nursing subspecialty practice norms determine how TCM experience affects nurses’ professional identities and nursing practices. Mutable nursing careers enable nurses to incorporate TCM into their nursing ‘‘toolbox.’’ Among the significant findings from this study is that nurses try TCM and share that information with others, creating inroads for integration of TCM into Western medicine.
{"title":"Inroads to Integrative Health Care: Registered Nurses’ Personal Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affects Professional Identity and Nursing Practice","authors":"Sharon W. Bertrand","doi":"10.1177/1533210110374639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110374639","url":null,"abstract":"Nurses are increasingly using Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for relief of personal health issues. The purpose of this qualitative case study is to explore how nurses’ TCM experiences affect nurses’ professional identities and practices. Symbolic interaction is the research framework used. Mixed methods of coding facilitate data analysis. Sociological theories explain the findings. The study included 20 semistructured interviews of 10 practicing nurses and 10 faculty members in the Twin Cities area of Minnesota. The data provide the basis for several new conclusions. Nursing subspecialty practice norms determine how TCM experience affects nurses’ professional identities and nursing practices. Mutable nursing careers enable nurses to incorporate TCM into their nursing ‘‘toolbox.’’ Among the significant findings from this study is that nurses try TCM and share that information with others, creating inroads for integration of TCM into Western medicine.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"14 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74080756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210109360016
A. Robinson, J. Chesters, S. Cooper
This article explores whether complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) users view CAM as a unified concept or individualize the modalities. A survey about the beliefs and concerns surrounding the use of 22 CAM modalities was posted to a random sample of 1,308 people in five rural and two metropolitan localities in Victoria, Australia. The response rate was 40% (n = 459). Overall, 91% of respondents were found to either have used one CAM modality (85%, n = 386) or be open to future use (6%, n = 33). Respondents did not view CAM as a unified concept. Each modality was used by people with different characteristics and beliefs about health care. However, it was practical to divide the 22 CAM modalities into four categories that we have named natural remedy, wellness, accepted, and established modalities. The four categories lie along a set of continua extending from natural remedy modalities and ‘‘holistic health care’’ beliefs at one end to established modalities and a belief in the tenets of conventional medicine at the other. We were able to develop a model to show this diagrammatically.
{"title":"Beyond a Generic Complementary and Alternative Medicine: The Holistic Health Care- Conventional Medicine Continuum","authors":"A. Robinson, J. Chesters, S. Cooper","doi":"10.1177/1533210109360016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210109360016","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores whether complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) users view CAM as a unified concept or individualize the modalities. A survey about the beliefs and concerns surrounding the use of 22 CAM modalities was posted to a random sample of 1,308 people in five rural and two metropolitan localities in Victoria, Australia. The response rate was 40% (n = 459). Overall, 91% of respondents were found to either have used one CAM modality (85%, n = 386) or be open to future use (6%, n = 33). Respondents did not view CAM as a unified concept. Each modality was used by people with different characteristics and beliefs about health care. However, it was practical to divide the 22 CAM modalities into four categories that we have named natural remedy, wellness, accepted, and established modalities. The four categories lie along a set of continua extending from natural remedy modalities and ‘‘holistic health care’’ beliefs at one end to established modalities and a belief in the tenets of conventional medicine at the other. We were able to develop a model to show this diagrammatically.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"8 4","pages":"153 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72633159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110363544
Vasuton Tanvatanakul, C. Vicente, S. Saowakontha
This study aimed to investigate perceptions and practices of folk health wisdoms among various age groups in Thailand. The study used an exploratory design involving a survey and focus group discussions. Between March 2003 and April 2005, 422 respondents from 5 communities of different districts of Chonburi Province, Thailand were interviewed, and then followed up for clarification of responses by focus groups in each community. Most respondents (93.8%), especially in the older age groups, were familiar with and interested in folk health wisdoms, with 62.8% using one or more kinds of folk health wisdoms. Herbal medicines and massage were most often used as health care, with significant differences in use (p < .05) between younger and older age groups. Younger people (<35 years) used almost every type of folk health wisdom in lesser percentages, with the exception of mind control therapies. Greater use of folk health wisdoms could contribute to improving the health care of the people of Thailand. However, to appropriately use and integrate these practices, the people need to increase their confidence in these modalities and be encouraged by the official health system.
{"title":"Folk Health Wisdoms as an Alternative Health Care Modality in the Community","authors":"Vasuton Tanvatanakul, C. Vicente, S. Saowakontha","doi":"10.1177/1533210110363544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110363544","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate perceptions and practices of folk health wisdoms among various age groups in Thailand. The study used an exploratory design involving a survey and focus group discussions. Between March 2003 and April 2005, 422 respondents from 5 communities of different districts of Chonburi Province, Thailand were interviewed, and then followed up for clarification of responses by focus groups in each community. Most respondents (93.8%), especially in the older age groups, were familiar with and interested in folk health wisdoms, with 62.8% using one or more kinds of folk health wisdoms. Herbal medicines and massage were most often used as health care, with significant differences in use (p < .05) between younger and older age groups. Younger people (<35 years) used almost every type of folk health wisdom in lesser percentages, with the exception of mind control therapies. Greater use of folk health wisdoms could contribute to improving the health care of the people of Thailand. However, to appropriately use and integrate these practices, the people need to increase their confidence in these modalities and be encouraged by the official health system.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"128 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74574179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210110363893
A. Masuda, P. Anderson, Shawn Sheehan
The current study examined the relation of a commonly used measure of mindfulness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale [MAAS]) and psychological flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire [AAQ]) to mental health-related variables within an African American college sample. The study also examined these constructs as potential mediators of the link between self-concealment and mental health variables. The AAQ did not show adequate internal consistency, and thus was not used in subsequent analyses. Mindfulness was found to be a significant predictor of mental health-related variables and mediated the relation between self-concealment and emotional distress in stressful interpersonal situations (full mediation) and general psychological ill health (partial mediation). These results are suggestive that mindfulness may be useful to understand mental health within African Americans college students, although additional research is clearly needed.
{"title":"Mindfulness and Mental Health Among African American College Students","authors":"A. Masuda, P. Anderson, Shawn Sheehan","doi":"10.1177/1533210110363893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110363893","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examined the relation of a commonly used measure of mindfulness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale [MAAS]) and psychological flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire [AAQ]) to mental health-related variables within an African American college sample. The study also examined these constructs as potential mediators of the link between self-concealment and mental health variables. The AAQ did not show adequate internal consistency, and thus was not used in subsequent analyses. Mindfulness was found to be a significant predictor of mental health-related variables and mediated the relation between self-concealment and emotional distress in stressful interpersonal situations (full mediation) and general psychological ill health (partial mediation). These results are suggestive that mindfulness may be useful to understand mental health within African Americans college students, although additional research is clearly needed.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"16 1","pages":"115 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89133186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210109360308
R. Canaway
Despite the recommendations in 2006 that naturopaths and Western herbal medicine practitioners be more closely regulated, there have been no moves toward state-mandated (statutory) registration or licensure of naturopaths in any Australian state or territory. Debate within the naturopathic profession on the appropriateness of statutory practitioner regulation has historically contributed to dissent and the creation of organizational factions. In turn, the opposing factions and resulting disunity are disincentives for government endorsement of statutory registration. This article provides an overview of the naturopathic profession in Australia and the regulatory quest, highlighting how professional marginalization and the pursuit of state protection have fueled the push for statutory registration. Considering the extent of public support for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices, the unification of the dissenting factions within the naturopathic profession could create a powerful group, one in which current self-regulatory mechanisms might be more effective, so negating some of the perceived needs for statutory regulation. However, with the increasing use of CAM and most health professions regulated via registration Acts, there are significant arguments to support statutory registration for naturopaths in a manner similar to other health care professionals.
{"title":"A Culture of Dissent: Australian Naturopaths’ Perspectives on Practitioner Regulation","authors":"R. Canaway","doi":"10.1177/1533210109360308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210109360308","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the recommendations in 2006 that naturopaths and Western herbal medicine practitioners be more closely regulated, there have been no moves toward state-mandated (statutory) registration or licensure of naturopaths in any Australian state or territory. Debate within the naturopathic profession on the appropriateness of statutory practitioner regulation has historically contributed to dissent and the creation of organizational factions. In turn, the opposing factions and resulting disunity are disincentives for government endorsement of statutory registration. This article provides an overview of the naturopathic profession in Australia and the regulatory quest, highlighting how professional marginalization and the pursuit of state protection have fueled the push for statutory registration. Considering the extent of public support for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices, the unification of the dissenting factions within the naturopathic profession could create a powerful group, one in which current self-regulatory mechanisms might be more effective, so negating some of the perceived needs for statutory regulation. However, with the increasing use of CAM and most health professions regulated via registration Acts, there are significant arguments to support statutory registration for naturopaths in a manner similar to other health care professionals.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"362 5","pages":"136 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91464368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210109336494
M. O’Keefe, Suzette Coat, Alison Jones
Many parents use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for their children. A number of medical schools are introducing CAM teaching, and this study was undertaken to explore the medical education priorities of parents who use CAM for their children. A total of 27 parents (25 females, 2 males) participated in 1 of 6 focus group discussions. Transcripts were analyzed using an iterative process of concept identification, hypothesis testing, and detailed comparisons. Participant preferences for health care for their children were complex and informed by previous health care experiences and current family health care needs. Using CAM allowed parents choice and control in managing their family’s health care. Many participant priorities for medical education in CAM echoed key principles of patient-centered care in addition to specific suggestions for curriculum development. Participating parents believed that it was important to increase medical students’ knowledge and understanding of both CAM modalities and the perspectives of parents.
{"title":"The Medical Education Priorities of Parents Who Use Complementary and Alternative Medicine","authors":"M. O’Keefe, Suzette Coat, Alison Jones","doi":"10.1177/1533210109336494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210109336494","url":null,"abstract":"Many parents use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for their children. A number of medical schools are introducing CAM teaching, and this study was undertaken to explore the medical education priorities of parents who use CAM for their children. A total of 27 parents (25 females, 2 males) participated in 1 of 6 focus group discussions. Transcripts were analyzed using an iterative process of concept identification, hypothesis testing, and detailed comparisons. Participant preferences for health care for their children were complex and informed by previous health care experiences and current family health care needs. Using CAM allowed parents choice and control in managing their family’s health care. Many participant priorities for medical education in CAM echoed key principles of patient-centered care in addition to specific suggestions for curriculum development. Participating parents believed that it was important to increase medical students’ knowledge and understanding of both CAM modalities and the perspectives of parents.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"70 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76713357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210109334655
Sanjeev Rastogi, S. Chawla, R.P. Singh
A 45-year-old previously healthy male suffered a major visual setback following a blunt injury to his left eye. The vision in the affected eye was lost immediately and did not return after the resolution of initial inflammation. His retinal examination revealed a subretinal hemorrhage with an area of chorioretinal atrophy in the left macula. A 3-month trial of conventional therapy, consisting of hemostatics, antioxidants, steroids, and vitamin A, was of no avail except for the return of vision to finger-counting ability. An optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) conducted at 3 months revealed hyper-reflectivity and irregularity at retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) Bruch’s membrane complex and decreased retinal thickness. Ayurvedic therapy was started at this time. At a 3-month treatment follow-up (6 months following the injury), there was a remarkable improvement in vision in the left eye, which was observed as 6/18 on the Snellen chart. After a total of 6 months of Ayurvedic therapy followed by 6 months of withdrawal, a subsequent follow-up found the vision in the patient’s left eye to be 6/12. OCT and an FFA done at this time was marked by substantial improvements in the RPE Bruch’s membrane complex. Ayurvedic therapy seems to have contributed substantially to the improved vision, which had been lost completely following a blunt injury to the left eye.
{"title":"Ayurvedic Management of Unilateral Loss of Vision Following a Blunt Injury to Eye: A Case Report","authors":"Sanjeev Rastogi, S. Chawla, R.P. Singh","doi":"10.1177/1533210109334655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210109334655","url":null,"abstract":"A 45-year-old previously healthy male suffered a major visual setback following a blunt injury to his left eye. The vision in the affected eye was lost immediately and did not return after the resolution of initial inflammation. His retinal examination revealed a subretinal hemorrhage with an area of chorioretinal atrophy in the left macula. A 3-month trial of conventional therapy, consisting of hemostatics, antioxidants, steroids, and vitamin A, was of no avail except for the return of vision to finger-counting ability. An optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) conducted at 3 months revealed hyper-reflectivity and irregularity at retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) Bruch’s membrane complex and decreased retinal thickness. Ayurvedic therapy was started at this time. At a 3-month treatment follow-up (6 months following the injury), there was a remarkable improvement in vision in the left eye, which was observed as 6/18 on the Snellen chart. After a total of 6 months of Ayurvedic therapy followed by 6 months of withdrawal, a subsequent follow-up found the vision in the patient’s left eye to be 6/12. OCT and an FFA done at this time was marked by substantial improvements in the RPE Bruch’s membrane complex. Ayurvedic therapy seems to have contributed substantially to the improved vision, which had been lost completely following a blunt injury to the left eye.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"84 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82761895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1533210109337002
D. Albert
Purpose: Since 2003, 4 more states have joined the ranks of now 15 states licensing naturopathic physicians (NDs). Qualified NDs residing in unlicensed jurisdictions sometimes obtain licenses from other states licensing NDs. The purpose of this study is to implement a methodology based on number of out-of-state licenses to gauge the demand for licensing among NDs in unlicensed states and to identify likely candidates for successful legislative efforts regarding licensure. Methods: Counts of out-of-state ND licenses issued through Arizona, Connecticut, Oregon, and Washington, the four states with naturopathic medical schools, were used as a surrogate for interest in licensing among states not offering licensing of NDs. Results: In 2005, a total of 457 U.S. NDs obtained out-of-state licenses from the states of Washington (159), Oregon (159), Arizona (79), and Connecticut (60), with 59% of these out-of-state NDs applying from nonlicensed states. States with low (1—13) or moderate (18—27) numbers of out-of-state licensures constituted 69% of the NDs, while the remaining 31% of NDs who fell into the high (43—58) out-of-state licensure category were from only three states: California, Colorado, and New York. Discussion: Of the three states with high out-of-state licensure, California has recently passed licensure legislation. Previous studies have indicated that New York and Colorado scored high on legislative innovativeness. Should licensing of NDs be passed in these two states, the possibility exists that legislation would spread to adjacent and other proximal states.
{"title":"New York and Colorado as Critical States in the Diffusion of State Licensing of Naturopathic Physicians","authors":"D. Albert","doi":"10.1177/1533210109337002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210109337002","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Since 2003, 4 more states have joined the ranks of now 15 states licensing naturopathic physicians (NDs). Qualified NDs residing in unlicensed jurisdictions sometimes obtain licenses from other states licensing NDs. The purpose of this study is to implement a methodology based on number of out-of-state licenses to gauge the demand for licensing among NDs in unlicensed states and to identify likely candidates for successful legislative efforts regarding licensure. Methods: Counts of out-of-state ND licenses issued through Arizona, Connecticut, Oregon, and Washington, the four states with naturopathic medical schools, were used as a surrogate for interest in licensing among states not offering licensing of NDs. Results: In 2005, a total of 457 U.S. NDs obtained out-of-state licenses from the states of Washington (159), Oregon (159), Arizona (79), and Connecticut (60), with 59% of these out-of-state NDs applying from nonlicensed states. States with low (1—13) or moderate (18—27) numbers of out-of-state licensures constituted 69% of the NDs, while the remaining 31% of NDs who fell into the high (43—58) out-of-state licensure category were from only three states: California, Colorado, and New York. Discussion: Of the three states with high out-of-state licensure, California has recently passed licensure legislation. Previous studies have indicated that New York and Colorado scored high on legislative innovativeness. Should licensing of NDs be passed in these two states, the possibility exists that legislation would spread to adjacent and other proximal states.","PeriodicalId":10611,"journal":{"name":"Complementary Health Practice Review","volume":"71 1","pages":"59 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77800112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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