Contemporary Clinical Dentistry最新文献

Anterior open bite is defined as a condition in which upper incisor crowns fail to overlap the incisal third of the lower incisor crowns when the mandible is brought into full occlusion. The diagnosis, treatment, and successful retention of treated open-bite malocclusion continue to be a constant subject of discussion and study, contributing to the frustrations of clinicians. Various modalities have been used for the correction of open bite for the different age groups. In adult cases, an open bite can be corrected either by anterior extrusion or posterior intrusion, or a combination of both. Kim had described a method of using multiloop edgewise archwire for posterior intrusion. Here is a case report in which an innovative method is described which is a modification of Kim's method which is simpler, less time-consuming to place, hygienic, and they do not irritate the soft tissue. The bite closing mechanism and the treatment results are similar to Kim's method.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the clinical effectiveness of android mobile digital application shade matching on tooth shade reproduction.

Setting and design: This was a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial (REF/2021/03/042258).

Materials and methods: Thirty participants were selected from the two dental centers. The participant who required full-coverage restorations in one of the central incisors with adjacent central incisor untouched was the main inclusion criteria. Three metal-ceramic or all-ceramic crowns were fabricated with reference shades from Vita Three-Dimensional (3D) Master shade guide, Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer, and mobile application for each participant. ΔE values between reference maxillary central incisor and metal-ceramic and all-ceramic crowns were measured for each participant. In addition, two operators and participants observed the clinical agreement between for each crown on a visual analog scale.

Statistical analysis used: ANOVA statistics and Turkey's post hoc test were used for ΔE value. Kappa statistics was used for clinical agreement.

Results: Mean ΔE value of fabricated metal-ceramic and all-ceramic crowns and reference maxillary central incisor of Vita 3D Master shade guide was significantly higher than Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer and mobile digital application (P = 0.004). However, ΔE values of Vita Easyshade and mobile digital application were contiguous. However, ΔE value of Vita 3D Master was lower than clinically acceptable value of intraoral color difference. Kappa value figured moderate agreement for Vita Easyshade and mobile digital application and slight to no agreement for Vita 3D Master.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the Android mobile digital application can turn up as a reliable method for shade selection.

Objective: To investigate the effect of submucosal injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the rate of mini-implant-supported retraction, using a split-mouth randomized clinical design.

Materials and methods: Twenty subjects of either gender between 16 and 25 years of age with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and crowding of <4 mm scheduled to undergo fixed mechanotherapy with the extraction of 1^st premolars; were recruited for the study. Those with a periodontally compromised dentition, blood dyscrasias, smoking/alcoholism, or with a history of fixed orthodontic treatment were not considered. The intervention side received a submucosal injection of autologous PRP which was prepared using 10 ml of the patient's blood. The rate of extraction space closure on both sides was recorded and compared monthly for 3 months using a digital caliper.

Results: Mean overall retraction was faster on the intervention side as compared to the control side by 1.5 times and was statistically significant with a P value of 0.001. There was no influence of gender on the rate of retraction. There was no reported swelling or discomfort associated with the PRP injection.

Conclusions: Submucosal injection of PRP significantly accelerates orthodontic tooth movement and can therefore be used as an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method to expedite orthodontic treatment.

Objective: To assess the self-esteem and quality of life (QOL) in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) who were undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total sample of 300 individuals consisted of 150 patients with UCLP (Group I) and 150 normal controls (Group II) with an age range of 10-25 years, who were undergoing comprehensive orthodontic treatment from December 2016 to December 2018. The Self Esteem and QOL were assessed using the Rosenberg Self Esteem scale (RSE) and Modified Paediatric QOL Inventory Scale (M-PQOL), respectively, in Group I and II.

Results: The comparison of overall mean scores of responses to RSE questionnaires showed nonsignificant differences for all the responses and was significant only for RSE 6 and RSE 8 in the age group of 10-15 years and 21-25 years, respectively, and nonsignificant for all other questions in all the age groups. The comparison of overall mean scores of M-PQOL for the total sample showed nonsignificant differences in Group I and II for physical functioning, emotional functioning, and school functioning domain, and were highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) in the social functioning domain and M-PQOL 12 and M-PQOL 21.

Conclusions: This study demands a definite need of a psychologist/psychiatrist among the cleft care team to counsel the patients with cleft during orthodontic treatment for motivating them to gain self-respect and acceptance in the society as certain aspects, particularly social functioning domain made them feel different from normal children because of the functional and aesthetic problems.

Background: Facial aging is associated with the loss of soft tissue fullness. Perioral signs of facial aging can add years to individuals' appearances and even affect their facial expressions in smiling and nonsmiling images.

Aims: To evaluate the influence of the nasolabial fold on the visual perception of esthetics and age in the elderly, eye-tracking and a visual analog scale were used.

Material and methods: This study applied a cross-sectional study using 40 laypeople. Facial images of an elderly woman were modified to include facial expression lines such as nasolabial folds and marionette lines with no folds, intermediate, and accentuated depths folds. Eye tracking was implemented to measure the average number of fixations. Heat maps and dot maps were generated using eye-tracking software. A visual analog scale of attractiveness and age perception questionnaire were also incorporated into the study. Statistical analysis was performed using a significance of (P<0.05).

Results: The majority of visual attention was paid to the eye and mouth areas. In the images with no folds, the right eye attracted a greater degree of fixation. In the images in which nasolabial folds were accentuated, the mouth area served as an area of high fixation. No statistical difference was observed between the groups in which smiling images were viewed. Nonsmiling images demonstrated significant differences between groups for variables including time until first fixation, complete fixation time, and number of fixations on the eyes and hemifaces. Old age and diminished attractiveness were associated with attenuated nasolabial folds, especially in nonsmiling images.

Conclusion: The facial lines and expressions of elderly female individuals were assessed by laypeople using eye-tracking, showing that the deeper one's nasolabial folds, the more aged and less attractive one appears, especially in nonsmiling images. Smiling pictures were perceived to be more attractive and youthful; these perceptions should be considered in the search for improved esthetic results, whether in dental or facial esthetic treatments.

Background: Partially demineralized dentin is remineralizable when mineral ions are made available in the near vicinity. Nanoparticles (NPs) have wide applications in remineralization process. Zinc promotes remineralization and has a synergistic effect when combined with fluoride. Hence, zinc oxide and calcium fluoride NPs were considered for dentin remineralization.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralizing ability of zinc oxide and calcium fluoride NPs on demineralized dentin individually and in combined form.

Settings and design: This was an in vitro study.

Materials and methods: Forty-eight dentin disks were prepared from the crowns of 12 extracted human molars and were allocated into four groups of 12 each, i.e., Group I - nano zinc oxide (nZnO), Group II - nano calcium fluoride (nCaF₂), Group III - combined group (nZnO + nCaF₂), and Group IV - artificial saliva (AS, control group). The specimens were demineralized with 37% phosphoric acid and placed in the respective remineralizing solutions for 24 h and 1 month. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) uptake was measured using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and structural changes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Statistical analysis: One-way analysis of variance, Student's t-test, and post hoc Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis.

Results: At 1-month interval, all the groups showed an increase in Ca/P ratio, with highest being the combined group (4.24), followed by nCaF₂ (3.30), nZnO (1.71), and AS (1.31) groups, and these differences were statistically significant (P = 0.000). On SEM analysis of dentinal samples at 1 month, depositions were evident in intertubular regions, wherein the highest deposits were observed in the nZnO group, followed by nZnO + nCaF₂ and nCaF₂ groups.

Conclusion: Dentin samples subjected to remineralization with aqueous solutions of nZnO and nCaF₂ showed an increase in calcium and phosphorous uptake and also dense granular depositions were evident in intertubular regions of dentin.

Background: Age estimation is integral to science of forensic odontology and plays an important role in human identification. Pulp volume estimation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to derive age can be very useful as it is noninvasive and can be applied on individuals of all ages.

Aims and objectives: The study aimed to estimate the chronological age-based pulp and tooth volume (PTV) ratios in adults from Uttar Pradesh, India, using CBCT and voxel counting dental software.

Materials and methods: Thirty-six CBCT scans were allocated into three Groups, I, II, and III (12 in each group) randomly to study the pulp volume of lateral incisor, canine, and first premolar, respectively. PTV was calculated by image segmentation method using Xelis Dental software. A correlation between chronological age with PTV was established using derived regression equations.

Statistical analysis: All the data were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0.

Results: Estimated age and standard error were determined. Standard errors of estimates were 11.24 years (LI), 7.78 years (C), 9.89 years (PM) group, lowest being for canines. The estimated age was compared with the chronological age. The difference between the chronological age and the estimated age by the derived equation for the present study was statistically nonsignificant (P = 1.00).

Conclusions: The results of the study show the feasibility of calculation of PTV ratios on CBCT to estimate the age for the set population with canine as the best predictor of age for the present study population.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the remineralizing potential of prepared solutions of eggshell powder (ESP) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) on the surface roughness and microhardness of bleached enamel.

Materials and methods: Fifty bovine anterior teeth were selected and cleaned then bleached using a chemically activated in-office bleaching agent then the teeth were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 10) according to the tested remineralizing agents (10% ESP solution, 10% nHA solution, and MI Paste Plus) into; control, bleached, bleached + ESP solution, bleached + nHA solution, and bleached + MI Paste Plus groups. Then, the teeth were tested for surface roughness and microhardness of the bleached enamel, respectively.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the surface roughness and microhardness values of the tested groups. The highest surface roughness mean value was found in bleached enamel group, while the least mean value was found in the control group. The highest mean microhardness value was found in the bleached enamel + ESP solution group, while the least mean value was found in the bleached enamel group.

Conclusions: The application of the tested remineralizing agents following the bleaching procedure had improved the surface roughness and microhardness of the bleached enamel. ESP and nHA present promising and potent remineralizing agents.