Contemporary Clinical Dentistry最新文献

Background: This in vitro study assessed light transmission through ceramic discs varying in shade, translucency, and thickness using light-polymerizing units with different radiant power/flux (RP) outputs.

Methods: Disc-shaped specimens (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm) were made from high and low-translucency glass-ceramic ingots (IPS e.max Press) in shades A1 and A4, totaling 60 discs. Two light-polymerizing units with different power outputs were used, and their emission spectra were verified. The transmitted RP values for each ceramic specimen were measured and irradiance and radiant energy influx were calculated. Differences between the light-polymerizing units and the influence of the three ceramic parameters were evaluated using an independent-samples t-test and three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests (α = 0.05).

Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean transmitted RP values between the two light-polymerizing units. Furthermore, the three-way ANOVA test showed a significant effect of shade, translucency, and thickness, as well as a significant interaction between each pair of variables and all three variables on the transmitted RP (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Despite the significant attenuation in the transmitted RP, especially in ceramics with higher shade chromaticity and thickness and lower translucency, the calculated minimal irradiance values for both light-polymerizing units (their emitted power ≥ 500 mW) were greater than the minimum recommended irradiance threshold (100 mW/cm²). However, the exposure duration needs to be increased to provide the resin with sufficient radiant exposure for adequate polymerization.

Introduction: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in the first molars. Using potassium iodide (KI) after applying SDF has been recommended as a way of reducing the severity of black staining, as well as preserving its antibacterial effect useful in deep caries.

Objective: The objective of this research was to compare the antibacterial effect of SDF, with and without KI, on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and dental biofilm.

Methods: The antibacterial effects of SDF, KI, and the combination of both were measured using three different techniques (inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory effect [MIE], and colony-forming unit [CFU], testing).

Results: The results were then subjected to statistical analysis. Analyzed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, the inhibition halos yielded a value of P = 0.3309. Using the MIE test, only the SDF treatment produced an antibacterial effect, at 10%, compared to the KI group, with P = 0.001. Finally, the CFU test revealed a total absence of colonies for all three reagents. All three substances analyzed achieved total inhibition of S. mutans. SDF is effective even in its minimal commercial concentration. Its antibacterial capacity decreases with the addition of KI.

Conclusions: The three substances analyzed at their maximum concentrations exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. mutans, resulting in total inhibition.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2B syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary condition of neuroendocrine origin characterized by pheochromocytoma, marfanoid habitus, and mucocutaneous neuromas. Multiple mucosal neuromas on the tongue, lips, cheeks, and inner eyelids are often appeared as the earliest signs in most of the undiagnosed cases. Early diagnoses, recognition of phenotype, adequate surgery, and appropriate genetic counseling are very much essential as patients often develop medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and pheochromocytoma. This case report would highlight the oral manifestations of MEN 2B in a 22-year-old female patient with multiple mucosal neuromas and a previous history of thyroidectomy due to MTC.

The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a frequently developing odontogenic cyst that accounts for 10%-14% of all jaw cysts. Due to the high recurrence rate, aggressive therapeutic techniques such as jaw resection and marsupialization are indicated. Following a conservative marsupialization procedure in which Carnoy's solution and an iodoform packing were used, the clinical, radiological, and histological evaluation of OKC in a 12-year-old female patient revealed no evidence of recurrence over the subsequent year of follow-up.

Escape rooms in medical education are relatively a novel approach to facilitate critical thinking and decision-making in simulated realistic clinical scenarios among the medical students. The success of escape rooms in the attainment of specified competencies depends on several factors that must be given due consideration for optimizing the overall outcome. Further, there might be multiple ethical concerns that must be given due attention before, during, and after the conduct of such sessions. There is an immense need to integrate ethical considerations while designing and implementing escape rooms in medical schools, as it will aid in the creation of a respectful and encouraging learning atmosphere for the students. In conclusion, escape rooms provide a great learning opportunity for medical students to critically think, engage in teamwork, and learn the art of adaptation depending on the given clinical scenario. However, the successful conduct of such sessions is determined by a wide range of factors, including ethical considerations, and all of them need to be systematically analyzed and measures should be taken to reduce their impact on students.

Background: The condylar and glenoid fossa morphology can alter in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), which can lead to changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space volume. Volumetric evaluation of TMJ can represent the entire three-dimensional (3D)-joint space between the condyle and glenoid fossa.

Aims: To perform 3D assessment of TMJ volume, condylar, and glenoid-fossa morphology using cone-beam computed tomography and evaluate the correlation between these parameters.

Settings and design: Thirty-four patients (age: 13.50 years) who had no previous history of TMD were included.

Materials and methods: The volume of TMJ space was measured and divided into anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral TMJ volume. The antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) condylar width, AP and ML glenoid-fossa width, and glenoid-fossa depth were evaluated.

Statistical analysis used: Statistical analyses were performed with R software at a 0.05 significance level. Each parameter was compared between the left and right sides using a paired-t test. The correlations between the parameters were obtained by the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results: There was no significant difference between lateral and medial TMJ volume; however, posterior TMJ volume was significantly greater than anterior TMJ volume. A significant correlation was observed between AP glenoid-fossa width and TMJ volume, glenoid-fossa depth and TMJ volume, AP position of the condyle and anterior TMJ volume, ML position of the condyle and medial TMJ volume, glenoid-fossa width and condyle width in AP and ML dimension, glenoid-fossa depth and AP glenoid-fossa width.

Conclusions: In addition to the evaluation of condylar and glenoid-fossa morphology, assessment of TMJ space volume is important for comprehensive evaluation of the joint.

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common public health problem in developing countries. Children with severe decay can also have altered eating habits and preferences. Therefore, ECC can influence nutritional health.

Aim: The aim is to find the prevalence of ECC and nutritional status and to evaluate its association among preschool children in Northeast India.

Study design and data collection methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 preschool children aged 2-6 years. The sampling unit comprised the children attending the pediatric dentistry department of one dental college. Information regarding sociodemographic factors, child feeding habits, and child oral hygiene practices was obtained from the parents using a pretested questionnaire. Weight and height were evaluated to assess the nutritional status. The decay, missing, filled teeth index for primary teeth was used to determine the dental caries status.

Results: The mean value of carious teeth for 384 children aged 2-6 years was 5.6 ± 2.43. Most kids who had caries (74.7%) belonged to the moderate category (dmft >7), followed by the low sort, which was 16.7%, and then by those in the higher class (8.6%). The body mass index (BMI) for age revealed that 5.2% were overweight, 15.1% were thin, and 8.3% were obese. Most of those with high caries (i.e., dmft >7) were underweight or in the normal weight category. Pearson correlation showed no significant correlation between ECC with BMI-for-age (r = 0.04, P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries among children below the age of 5 years in Imphal was high. The risk factors for ECC included age, low maternal education, improper feeding, and oral hygiene habits. However, the results revealed no significant relationship between ECC and BMI.

Keratocyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst arising from remnants/rests of the dental lamina with biologic behavior similar to benign neoplasm. The presence of multiple odontogenic keratocysts is rare and seen in Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS). GGS syndrome presents with multisystem involvement and the classical triad of multiple basocellular epitheliomas, keratocysts in the jaws, and bifid ribs; that characterize the diagnosis of this syndrome. Multiple odontogenic keratocyst are the most consistent features of the syndrome in 65%-100% of affected individuals and are generally diagnosed at a very early age. Early diagnosis and proper counseling of the parent and patient might help to reduce the morbidity, encourage follow-up for timely treatment, and help in avoiding ionizing radiation that would lead to the development of malignancies.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on periodontal regeneration defects.

Materials and methods: Four databases were searched until October 2021. Experimental animal studies evaluating the efficacy of EMD were used. The primary outcomes were bone formation (BF) and cementum formation (CF). The secondary outcomes were junctional epithelium (JE), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Measures of effect were mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random-effects model were used for all meta-analyses. The Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation tool was used to assess the risk of bias.

Results: Seven experimental animal studies (n = 40) used with a maximum follow-up period of 3 months. Compared to control, EMD did not significantly reduce BF (MD 0.02 mm; 95% CI - 1.91-1.96; I² = 89%). However, it increased CF (MD 1.38 mm; 95% CI 0.01-2.74; I² = 55%). For secondary outcomes it was found that compared to control, EMD only significantly reduced JE (MD - 0.54 mm; 95% CI - 1.06 to - 0.02; I² = 55%). However, the other secondary outcomes were not significant as in the case of GR (MD - 3. 88 mm; 95% CI - 68.29-60.53; I² = 82%), and in CAL (MD 0.02 mm; 95% CI - 0.29-0.39; I² = 38%). Finally, according to the risk of bias assessment, all included studies had a high risk of bias.

Conclusion: EMD had no effect on BF values while it did not reduce CF. Otherwise, in the secondary outcomes, EMD only significantly reduced JE values and had no effect on GR and CAL.