Existing research highlights that parents’ math anxiety is a predictor of children’s math achievement and math anxiety. However, more research is needed to understand how this transmission occurs. This study examined the transmission of parents’ math anxiety to children’s math achievement and math anxiety via autonomy-supportive and controlling parenting behaviors using an observational coding scheme during a homework help task. The sample of 175 parent–child dyads was followed longitudinally from when children were in second grade (Mage = 8.02) to third grade (Mage = 9.18). Results indicated that higher levels of parents’ math anxiety were associated with more controlling parenting behaviors during the homework help task. Autonomy-supportive parenting behaviors were uniquely associated with higher math achievement in children one year later, whereas controlling parenting behaviors were associated with lower math achievement. Further, parents’ own math achievement was positively associated with autonomy-supportive parenting behaviors and children’s math achievement. However, neither parents’ math anxiety, math achievement, nor parenting behaviors were significantly associated with children’s math anxiety a year later. Overall, this study underscores the importance of parents’ math anxiety and math achievement for their parenting behaviors and demonstrates that controlling parenting behaviors can undermine children’s math achievement.
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