This article provides an overview of the latest research related to smart speakers - speech recognition, speech synthesis, context recognition, artificial neural networks used. Various tasks related to smart speakers are discussed - which neural networks are effective in speech synthesis, how to make synthesized speech more natural, how to detect and classify errors in automatic speech recognition systems, how to protect personal voice assistants from recording / playback and other acoustic attacks, speech recognition using convolutional neural network, how to use dynamic time transformation (DTW) algorithm with training for speech recognition, using voice assistant to set up smart home systems, recursive algorithm to solve the problem of echo cancellation, reverberation and noise reduction, processes based on different algorithms in every voice assistant and different search engines lead to huge differences in the answers to questions, a problem of integration with smart devices using different data transfer protocols.
{"title":"Overview of the latest research related to smart speakers","authors":"Kuanysh Baimirov, Estay Mergengali, Bolat Baimirov","doi":"10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830196","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the latest research related to smart speakers - speech recognition, speech synthesis, context recognition, artificial neural networks used. Various tasks related to smart speakers are discussed - which neural networks are effective in speech synthesis, how to make synthesized speech more natural, how to detect and classify errors in automatic speech recognition systems, how to protect personal voice assistants from recording / playback and other acoustic attacks, speech recognition using convolutional neural network, how to use dynamic time transformation (DTW) algorithm with training for speech recognition, using voice assistant to set up smart home systems, recursive algorithm to solve the problem of echo cancellation, reverberation and noise reduction, processes based on different algorithms in every voice assistant and different search engines lead to huge differences in the answers to questions, a problem of integration with smart devices using different data transfer protocols.","PeriodicalId":106388,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 7th International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130926586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830324
Kai Zhao, Y. Liu, Wenlong Ming, Yue Zhou, Jianzhong Wu
Under the net-zero carbon transition, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) plays a critical role in supporting the connection of more renewable power generation, increasing grid resiliency and creating more flexible energy systems. However, poor useful life and relatively high cost of batteries result in barriers that hinder the wider adoption of battery technologies e.g., renewable resources storage. Furthermore, the useful life of a battery is significantly affected by the materials composition, system design and operating conditions, hence, made the control and management of battery systems more challenging. Digitalisation and artificial intelligence (AI) offer an opportunity to establish a battery digital twin that has great potentials to improve the situational awareness of battery management systems and enable the optimal operation of battery storage units. An accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) can indicate the battery's status, provide valuable information for maintenance and maximise its useful life. In this paper, a digital twin-driven framework based on a hybrid model that connects LSTM (long short-term memory) and EKF (extended Kalman filter) has been proposed to estimate the SOC of a li-ion battery. LSTM provides more accurate initial SOC estimations and impedance model data to EKF. According to experimental results, the developed battery digital twin is considered less dependent on the initial SOC conditions and is deemed more robust compared to traditional means with a lower RMSE (root mean squared error).
{"title":"Digital Twin-Driven Estimation of State of Charge for Li-ion Battery","authors":"Kai Zhao, Y. Liu, Wenlong Ming, Yue Zhou, Jianzhong Wu","doi":"10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830324","url":null,"abstract":"Under the net-zero carbon transition, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) plays a critical role in supporting the connection of more renewable power generation, increasing grid resiliency and creating more flexible energy systems. However, poor useful life and relatively high cost of batteries result in barriers that hinder the wider adoption of battery technologies e.g., renewable resources storage. Furthermore, the useful life of a battery is significantly affected by the materials composition, system design and operating conditions, hence, made the control and management of battery systems more challenging. Digitalisation and artificial intelligence (AI) offer an opportunity to establish a battery digital twin that has great potentials to improve the situational awareness of battery management systems and enable the optimal operation of battery storage units. An accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) can indicate the battery's status, provide valuable information for maintenance and maximise its useful life. In this paper, a digital twin-driven framework based on a hybrid model that connects LSTM (long short-term memory) and EKF (extended Kalman filter) has been proposed to estimate the SOC of a li-ion battery. LSTM provides more accurate initial SOC estimations and impedance model data to EKF. According to experimental results, the developed battery digital twin is considered less dependent on the initial SOC conditions and is deemed more robust compared to traditional means with a lower RMSE (root mean squared error).","PeriodicalId":106388,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 7th International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130505507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830281
A. Vulfovich, I. Shalish, A. Kuperman, S. Lineykin
This paper demonstrates that when thermal part of thermoelectric generator (TEG) is reflected to electric load side, resulting circuit is similar to low frequency equivalent of photovoltaic (PV) generator. Derivation of equivalent circuit is presented and verified in simulation of example system. It may then be concluded that ambient energy sources exhibit similar characteristics even when different energy types are examined. Parallels can then be drawn between the two energy sources and known PV control methodologies can be utilized in TEG applications.
{"title":"Similarity Between Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Generator Equivalent Circuits","authors":"A. Vulfovich, I. Shalish, A. Kuperman, S. Lineykin","doi":"10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830281","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates that when thermal part of thermoelectric generator (TEG) is reflected to electric load side, resulting circuit is similar to low frequency equivalent of photovoltaic (PV) generator. Derivation of equivalent circuit is presented and verified in simulation of example system. It may then be concluded that ambient energy sources exhibit similar characteristics even when different energy types are examined. Parallels can then be drawn between the two energy sources and known PV control methodologies can be utilized in TEG applications.","PeriodicalId":106388,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 7th International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121214664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830517
R. Petrichenko, J. Kozadajevs, L. Petrichenko, A. Sīlis
Development plans in the energy sector of European countries assume modifications almost in all fields of energy systems. Global use of renewable energy sources is expected to achieve the primary purpose of energy sector development plan — reduction of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Towards that goal, national energy development plans intend to implement a huge number of renewable energy sources and to reduce the capacity of, or shut down, fossil fuel power plants. However, the results of the latter action are not well researched. For timely reaction to avoid any accidents in the future, there is a need for comprehensive assessment of the impact of the above power plants on the power system in a long-term perspective. This article focuses on the reasonableness of conventional power plants in the energy systems of the Baltic countries in 2050.
{"title":"Reserve power estimation according to the Baltic power system 2050 development plan","authors":"R. Petrichenko, J. Kozadajevs, L. Petrichenko, A. Sīlis","doi":"10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830517","url":null,"abstract":"Development plans in the energy sector of European countries assume modifications almost in all fields of energy systems. Global use of renewable energy sources is expected to achieve the primary purpose of energy sector development plan — reduction of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Towards that goal, national energy development plans intend to implement a huge number of renewable energy sources and to reduce the capacity of, or shut down, fossil fuel power plants. However, the results of the latter action are not well researched. For timely reaction to avoid any accidents in the future, there is a need for comprehensive assessment of the impact of the above power plants on the power system in a long-term perspective. This article focuses on the reasonableness of conventional power plants in the energy systems of the Baltic countries in 2050.","PeriodicalId":106388,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 7th International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128811879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830491
Francisco Carrasco Serrano, Johanna Friederike May
This paper explores variables for NILM dataset creation, focusing on the relationship between measurement frequency, dataset weight, micro and macro characteristics, and prepossessing. Measurements show that a frequency of 2 kHz allows micro analysis by FFT decomposition and high resolution macro analysis by 0.02 s resampling. Storing only features of interest such as events or harmonic frequencies show potential for diminishing the weight of the dataset while keeping insightful data.
{"title":"Targeted preprossessing for weight reduction in NILM datasets","authors":"Francisco Carrasco Serrano, Johanna Friederike May","doi":"10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830491","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores variables for NILM dataset creation, focusing on the relationship between measurement frequency, dataset weight, micro and macro characteristics, and prepossessing. Measurements show that a frequency of 2 kHz allows micro analysis by FFT decomposition and high resolution macro analysis by 0.02 s resampling. Storing only features of interest such as events or harmonic frequencies show potential for diminishing the weight of the dataset while keeping insightful data.","PeriodicalId":106388,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 7th International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117170575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830434
Patrick Präger, A. Bisseling, Robin Schrewe Schrewe, M. Suriyah, T. Leibfried
The further domination of converter-based generation in power systems comes along with the loss of conventional power plants. Today, most of the converters use a current based control. However, due to the loss of inertia, this creates problems in network stability with an increasing number of converters in the power systems. This problem can be solved with converters, which adapt the behavior of a voltage source. The converters are operating in grid-forming mode. The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) provides many advantages over conventional converters, such as a high voltage quality and the elimination of filters on the ac-side. The future goal is a grid-forming MMC with a high robustness and stability. This paper provides an introduction to the controlling concept Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM). It then compares the results of an implemented VSM controlled MMC to a synchronous generator in variational grid scenarios.
{"title":"Comparison of a Modular Multilevel Converter – Virtual Synchronous Machine to a Synchronous Generator of the same power class in different grid scenarios","authors":"Patrick Präger, A. Bisseling, Robin Schrewe Schrewe, M. Suriyah, T. Leibfried","doi":"10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830434","url":null,"abstract":"The further domination of converter-based generation in power systems comes along with the loss of conventional power plants. Today, most of the converters use a current based control. However, due to the loss of inertia, this creates problems in network stability with an increasing number of converters in the power systems. This problem can be solved with converters, which adapt the behavior of a voltage source. The converters are operating in grid-forming mode. The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) provides many advantages over conventional converters, such as a high voltage quality and the elimination of filters on the ac-side. The future goal is a grid-forming MMC with a high robustness and stability. This paper provides an introduction to the controlling concept Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM). It then compares the results of an implemented VSM controlled MMC to a synchronous generator in variational grid scenarios.","PeriodicalId":106388,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 7th International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116755342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830203
T. Korõtko, I. Drovtar, A. Mutule, E. Kairisa, A. Rosin
The increased integration of distributed generation into the distribution grid poses technical and economic challenges for asset owners and grid operators. One possible solution to mitigate these issues is local energy communities (LEC). The authors provide an overview of the issues arising from increased distributed generation, a classification of the electric power systems (EPS) used in LECs and insight into actual research topics. The authors demonstrate the applicability of a universal prosumer modelling object for simulating the steady-state load-flow in LEC EPSs. The modelling framework enables the DSO to understand better the impacts of and requirements for LECs on the low voltage distribution network. The used approach provides a flexible and straightforward way to model power flow in LEC power systems, thus reducing the required resources for object modelling and control system integration.
{"title":"Load Flow Modelling in Local Energy Community Electric Power Systems","authors":"T. Korõtko, I. Drovtar, A. Mutule, E. Kairisa, A. Rosin","doi":"10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830203","url":null,"abstract":"The increased integration of distributed generation into the distribution grid poses technical and economic challenges for asset owners and grid operators. One possible solution to mitigate these issues is local energy communities (LEC). The authors provide an overview of the issues arising from increased distributed generation, a classification of the electric power systems (EPS) used in LECs and insight into actual research topics. The authors demonstrate the applicability of a universal prosumer modelling object for simulating the steady-state load-flow in LEC EPSs. The modelling framework enables the DSO to understand better the impacts of and requirements for LECs on the low voltage distribution network. The used approach provides a flexible and straightforward way to model power flow in LEC power systems, thus reducing the required resources for object modelling and control system integration.","PeriodicalId":106388,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 7th International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124054012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830410
Hector Yepez, Wilson Pavón, S. Simani, E. Ayala, A. B. Asiedu-Asante
A novel control strategy is proposed in this paper, which implements a Hierarchical Control (HC) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). The paper outline includes the method design and its micro-grid performance, which has three parallel-connected inverters. Thus, the HC implements inner, primary, and secondary control. The first, inner control loop, regulates the inverter output voltage using the stationary reference frame. On one hand, the primary control implements the universal droop control, which is in charge of active and reactive power share between inverters. On the other hand, the secondary control restores the voltage and frequency deviations because of the primary control. Finally, the results validate the advantages strategy in power inverters. The proposed control scheme effectiveness has an excellent performance, as it applied in micro-grids in the event of abrupt changes or parameter variations.
{"title":"Source Inverter Voltage and Frequency Control for AC Isolated Microgrid Applications","authors":"Hector Yepez, Wilson Pavón, S. Simani, E. Ayala, A. B. Asiedu-Asante","doi":"10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830410","url":null,"abstract":"A novel control strategy is proposed in this paper, which implements a Hierarchical Control (HC) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). The paper outline includes the method design and its micro-grid performance, which has three parallel-connected inverters. Thus, the HC implements inner, primary, and secondary control. The first, inner control loop, regulates the inverter output voltage using the stationary reference frame. On one hand, the primary control implements the universal droop control, which is in charge of active and reactive power share between inverters. On the other hand, the secondary control restores the voltage and frequency deviations because of the primary control. Finally, the results validate the advantages strategy in power inverters. The proposed control scheme effectiveness has an excellent performance, as it applied in micro-grids in the event of abrupt changes or parameter variations.","PeriodicalId":106388,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 7th International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122091402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830257
V. O. Nyangaresi, Z. Abduljabbar, Junchao Ma, M. A. A. Sibahee
Smart grid networks require sufficient protection so as to safeguard the sensitive data that is exchanged among the smart meter, gateway node, data aggregators and utility service providers. To this end, numerous schemes have been presented based on a myriad of techniques such as public key cryptography, bilinear pairing operations, device identities and elliptic curve cryptography among others. However, many security loopholes still lurk in these protocols. In addition, performance is another serious issue that needs to be solved especially for smart gas meters. In this paper, a symmetric key based message verification protocol is presented. Extensive security evaluation is executed to show that the proposed protocol offers mutual authentication, key agreement and untraceability. It is also resilient against man-in-the-middle, verifier leakage, message replay, impersonation and known session key attacks. In terms of performance, the proposed protocol has the least communication costs and lower computation overheads compared with its peers.
{"title":"Temporary Symmetric Key Based Message Verification Protocol for Smart Energy Networks","authors":"V. O. Nyangaresi, Z. Abduljabbar, Junchao Ma, M. A. A. Sibahee","doi":"10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/energycon53164.2022.9830257","url":null,"abstract":"Smart grid networks require sufficient protection so as to safeguard the sensitive data that is exchanged among the smart meter, gateway node, data aggregators and utility service providers. To this end, numerous schemes have been presented based on a myriad of techniques such as public key cryptography, bilinear pairing operations, device identities and elliptic curve cryptography among others. However, many security loopholes still lurk in these protocols. In addition, performance is another serious issue that needs to be solved especially for smart gas meters. In this paper, a symmetric key based message verification protocol is presented. Extensive security evaluation is executed to show that the proposed protocol offers mutual authentication, key agreement and untraceability. It is also resilient against man-in-the-middle, verifier leakage, message replay, impersonation and known session key attacks. In terms of performance, the proposed protocol has the least communication costs and lower computation overheads compared with its peers.","PeriodicalId":106388,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 7th International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129511089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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