Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1088/1572-9494/ad23dc
Hongchao Zhang, Wen-Cong Gan, Yungui Gong, Anzhong Wang
In this paper, we consider the Böhmer–Vandersloot (BV) model of loop quantum black holes obtained from the improved dynamics approach. We adopt the Saini–Singh gauge, in which it was found analytically that the BV spacetime is geodesically complete. We show that black/white hole horizons do not exist in this geodesically complete spacetime. Instead, there exists only an infinite number of transition surfaces, which always separate trapped regions from anti-trapped ones. Comments on the improved dynamics approach adopted in other models of loop quantum black holes are also given.
{"title":"On the improved dynamics approach in loop quantum black holes","authors":"Hongchao Zhang, Wen-Cong Gan, Yungui Gong, Anzhong Wang","doi":"10.1088/1572-9494/ad23dc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ad23dc","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the Böhmer–Vandersloot (BV) model of loop quantum black holes obtained from the improved dynamics approach. We adopt the Saini–Singh gauge, in which it was found analytically that the BV spacetime is geodesically complete. We show that black/white hole horizons do not exist in this geodesically complete spacetime. Instead, there exists only an infinite number of transition surfaces, which always separate trapped regions from anti-trapped ones. Comments on the improved dynamics approach adopted in other models of loop quantum black holes are also given.","PeriodicalId":10641,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Theoretical Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effective liquid drop model (ELDM) is improved by introducing an accurate nuclear charge radius formula and an analytic expression for assaulting frequency. Within the improved effective liquid drop model (IMELDM), the experimental cluster radioactivity half-lives of the trans-lead region are calculated. It is shown that the accuracy of the IMELDM is improved compared with that of the ELDM. At last, the cluster radioactivity half-lives that are experimentally unavailable for the trans-lead nuclei are predicted by the IMELDM. These predictions may be useful for searching for new candidates for cluster radioactivity in future experiments.
{"title":"An improved effective liquid drop model for cluster radioactivity","authors":"JianPo Cui, FengZhu Xing, YongHao Gao, LiQian Qi, YanZhao Wang, JianZhong Gu","doi":"10.1088/1572-9494/ad2367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ad2367","url":null,"abstract":"The effective liquid drop model (ELDM) is improved by introducing an accurate nuclear charge radius formula and an analytic expression for assaulting frequency. Within the improved effective liquid drop model (IMELDM), the experimental cluster radioactivity half-lives of the trans-lead region are calculated. It is shown that the accuracy of the IMELDM is improved compared with that of the ELDM. At last, the cluster radioactivity half-lives that are experimentally unavailable for the trans-lead nuclei are predicted by the IMELDM. These predictions may be useful for searching for new candidates for cluster radioactivity in future experiments.","PeriodicalId":10641,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Theoretical Physics","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the proton structure function <inline-formula> <tex-math> <?CDATA ${F}_{2}^{p}(x,{Q}^{2})$?> </tex-math> <mml:math overflow="scroll"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="ctpad260dieqn3.gif" xlink:type="simple"></inline-graphic> </inline-formula> at small-<italic toggle="yes">x</italic> is investigated using an analytical solution to the Balitsky–Kovchegov (BK) equation. In the context of the color dipole description of deep inelastic scattering (DIS), the structure function <inline-formula> <tex-math> <?CDATA ${F}_{2}^{p}(x,{Q}^{2})$?> </tex-math> <mml:math overflow="scroll"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="ctpad260dieqn4.gif" xlink:type="simple"></inline-graphic> </inline-formula> is computed by applying the analytical expression for the scattering amplitude <italic toggle="yes">N</italic>(<italic toggle="yes">k</italic>, <italic toggle="yes">Y</italic>) derived from the BK solution. At transverse momentum <italic toggle="yes">k</italic> and total rapidity <italic toggle="yes">Y</italic>, the scattering amplitude <italic toggle="yes">N</italic>(<italic toggle="yes">k</italic>, <italic toggle="yes">Y</italic>) represents the propagation of the quark-antiquark dipole in the color dipole description of DIS. Using the BK solution we extracted the integrated gluon density <italic toggle="yes">xg</italic>(<italic toggle="yes">x</italic>, <italic toggle="yes">Q</italic> <sup>2</sup>) and then compared our theoretical estimation with the LHAPDF global data fits, NNPDF3.1sx and CT18. Finally, we have investigated the behavior of <inline-formula> <tex-math> <?CDATA ${F}_{2}^{p}(x,{Q}^{2})$?> </tex-math> <mml:math overflow="scroll"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="ctpad260dieqn5.gif" xlink:type="simple"></inline-graphic> </inline-formula> in the kinematic region of 10<sup>−5</sup> ≤ <italic toggle="yes">x</italic> ≤ 10<sup>−2</sup> and 2.5 GeV<sup>2</sup> ≤ <italic toggle="yes">Q</italic> <sup>2</s
本文利用巴利茨基-科夫切戈夫（BK）方程的解析解研究了小x处的质子结构函数F2p(x,Q2)。在深非弹性散射（DIS）的色偶极子描述背景下，结构函数 F2p(x,Q2) 是通过应用 BK 解法导出的散射振幅 N(k, Y) 分析表达式来计算的。在横动量 k 和总快速 Y 下，散射振幅 N(k, Y) 代表了 DIS 色彩偶极子描述中夸克-反夸克偶极子的传播。利用 BK 解决方案，我们提取了集成胶子密度 xg(x, Q2)，然后将我们的理论估计与 LHAPDF 全局数据拟合、NNPDF3.1sx 和 CT18 进行了比较。最后，我们研究了F2p(x,Q2)在10-5 ≤ x ≤ 10-2和2.5 GeV2 ≤ Q2 ≤ 60 GeV2运动学区域的行为。在指定的运动学区域内，我们对F2p(x,Q2)的预测结果与HERA（H1合作）和LHAPDF全局参数组NNPDF3.1sx最近的F2p(x,Q2)高精度数据非常吻合。
{"title":"Investigation of proton structure function F2p at HERA in light of an analytical solution to the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation","authors":"Ranjan Saikia, Pragyan Phukan, Jayanta Kumar Sarma","doi":"10.1088/1572-9494/ad260d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ad260d","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the proton structure function <inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math>\u0000<?CDATA ${F}_{2}^{p}(x,{Q}^{2})$?>\u0000</tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"ctpad260dieqn3.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula> at small-<italic toggle=\"yes\">x</italic> is investigated using an analytical solution to the Balitsky–Kovchegov (BK) equation. In the context of the color dipole description of deep inelastic scattering (DIS), the structure function <inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math>\u0000<?CDATA ${F}_{2}^{p}(x,{Q}^{2})$?>\u0000</tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"ctpad260dieqn4.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula> is computed by applying the analytical expression for the scattering amplitude <italic toggle=\"yes\">N</italic>(<italic toggle=\"yes\">k</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Y</italic>) derived from the BK solution. At transverse momentum <italic toggle=\"yes\">k</italic> and total rapidity <italic toggle=\"yes\">Y</italic>, the scattering amplitude <italic toggle=\"yes\">N</italic>(<italic toggle=\"yes\">k</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Y</italic>) represents the propagation of the quark-antiquark dipole in the color dipole description of DIS. Using the BK solution we extracted the integrated gluon density <italic toggle=\"yes\">xg</italic>(<italic toggle=\"yes\">x</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Q</italic>\u0000<sup>2</sup>) and then compared our theoretical estimation with the LHAPDF global data fits, NNPDF3.1sx and CT18. Finally, we have investigated the behavior of <inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math>\u0000<?CDATA ${F}_{2}^{p}(x,{Q}^{2})$?>\u0000</tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"ctpad260dieqn5.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula> in the kinematic region of 10<sup>−5</sup> ≤ <italic toggle=\"yes\">x</italic> ≤ 10<sup>−2</sup> and 2.5 GeV<sup>2</sup> ≤ <italic toggle=\"yes\">Q</italic>\u0000<sup>2</s","PeriodicalId":10641,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Theoretical Physics","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1088/1572-9494/ad23da
Saeed Haddadi, Mehrdad Ghominejad, Artur Czerwinski
A protocol of quantum dense coding with gravitational cat states is proposed. We explore the effects of temperature and system parameters on dense coding capacity and provide an efficient strategy to preserve the quantum advantage of dense coding for these states. Our results may open new opportunities for secure communication and insights into the fundamental nature of gravity in the context of quantum information processing.
{"title":"Quantum dense coding with gravitational cat states","authors":"Saeed Haddadi, Mehrdad Ghominejad, Artur Czerwinski","doi":"10.1088/1572-9494/ad23da","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ad23da","url":null,"abstract":"A protocol of quantum dense coding with gravitational cat states is proposed. We explore the effects of temperature and system parameters on dense coding capacity and provide an efficient strategy to preserve the quantum advantage of dense coding for these states. Our results may open new opportunities for secure communication and insights into the fundamental nature of gravity in the context of quantum information processing.","PeriodicalId":10641,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Theoretical Physics","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1088/1572-9494/ad23de
S Y Lou
A new type of symmetry, ren-symmetry, describing anyon physics and corresponding topological physics, is proposed. Ren-symmetry is a generalization of super-symmetry which is widely applied in super-symmetric physics such as super-symmetric quantum mechanics, super-symmetric gravity, super-symmetric string theory, super-symmetric integrable systems and so on. Super-symmetry and Grassmann numbers are, in some sense, dual conceptions, and it turns out that these conceptions coincide for the ren situation, that is, a similar conception of ren-number (R-number) is devised for ren-symmetry. In particular, some basic results of the R-number and ren-symmetry are exposed which allow one to derive, in principle, some new types of integrable systems including ren-integrable models and ren-symmetric integrable systems. Training examples of ren-integrable KdV-type systems and ren-symmetric KdV equations are explicitly given.
{"title":"Ren-integrable and ren-symmetric integrable systems","authors":"S Y Lou","doi":"10.1088/1572-9494/ad23de","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ad23de","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of symmetry, ren-symmetry, describing anyon physics and corresponding topological physics, is proposed. Ren-symmetry is a generalization of super-symmetry which is widely applied in super-symmetric physics such as super-symmetric quantum mechanics, super-symmetric gravity, super-symmetric string theory, super-symmetric integrable systems and so on. Super-symmetry and Grassmann numbers are, in some sense, dual conceptions, and it turns out that these conceptions coincide for the ren situation, that is, a similar conception of ren-number (R-number) is devised for ren-symmetry. In particular, some basic results of the R-number and ren-symmetry are exposed which allow one to derive, in principle, some new types of integrable systems including ren-integrable models and ren-symmetric integrable systems. Training examples of ren-integrable KdV-type systems and ren-symmetric KdV equations are explicitly given.","PeriodicalId":10641,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Theoretical Physics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1088/1572-9494/ad102d
Freddy Cachazo, Alfredo Guevara, Bruno Umbert, Yong Zhang
Recently, planar collections of Feynman diagrams were proposed by Borges and one of the authors as the natural generalization of Feynman diagrams for the computation of k = 3 biadjoint amplitudes. Planar collections are one-dimensional arrays of metric trees satisfying an induced planarity and compatibility condition. In this work, we introduce planar matrices of Feynman diagrams as the objects that compute k = 4 biadjoint amplitudes. These are symmetric matrices of metric trees satisfying compatibility conditions. We introduce two notions of combinatorial bootstrap techniques for finding collections from Feynman diagrams and matrices from collections. As applications of the first, we find all 693, 13 612 and 346 710 collections for (k, n) = (3, 7), (3, 8) and (3, 9), respectively. As applications of the second kind, we find all 90 608 and 30 659 424 planar matrices that compute (k, n) = (4, 8) and (4, 9) biadjoint amplitudes, respectively. As an example of the evaluation of matrices of Feynman diagrams, we present the complete form of the (4, 8) and (4, 9) biadjoint amplitudes. We also start a study of higher-dimensional arrays of Feynman diagrams, including the combinatorial version of the duality between (k, n) and (n − k, n) objects.
{"title":"Planar matrices and arrays of Feynman diagrams","authors":"Freddy Cachazo, Alfredo Guevara, Bruno Umbert, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1572-9494/ad102d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ad102d","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, planar collections of Feynman diagrams were proposed by Borges and one of the authors as the natural generalization of Feynman diagrams for the computation of <italic toggle=\"yes\">k</italic> = 3 biadjoint amplitudes. Planar collections are one-dimensional arrays of metric trees satisfying an induced planarity and compatibility condition. In this work, we introduce planar matrices of Feynman diagrams as the objects that compute <italic toggle=\"yes\">k</italic> = 4 biadjoint amplitudes. These are symmetric matrices of metric trees satisfying compatibility conditions. We introduce two notions of combinatorial bootstrap techniques for finding collections from Feynman diagrams and matrices from collections. As applications of the first, we find all 693, 13 612 and 346 710 collections for (<italic toggle=\"yes\">k</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">n</italic>) = (3, 7), (3, 8) and (3, 9), respectively. As applications of the second kind, we find all 90 608 and 30 659 424 planar matrices that compute (<italic toggle=\"yes\">k</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">n</italic>) = (4, 8) and (4, 9) biadjoint amplitudes, respectively. As an example of the evaluation of matrices of Feynman diagrams, we present the complete form of the (4, 8) and (4, 9) biadjoint amplitudes. We also start a study of higher-dimensional arrays of Feynman diagrams, including the combinatorial version of the duality between (<italic toggle=\"yes\">k</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">n</italic>) and (<italic toggle=\"yes\">n</italic> − <italic toggle=\"yes\">k</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">n</italic>) objects.","PeriodicalId":10641,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Theoretical Physics","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1088/1572-9494/ad2368
Salah Boulaaras, Rashid Jan, Amin Khan, Ali Allahem, Imtiaz Ahmad, Salma Bahramand
In the last forty years, the rise of HIV has undoubtedly become a major concern in the field of public health, imposing significant economic burdens on affected regions. Consequently, it becomes imperative to undertake comprehensive investigations into the mechanisms governing the dissemination of HIV within the human body. In this work, we have devised a mathematical model that elucidates the intricate interplay between CD4+ T-cells and viruses of HIV, employing the principles of fractional calculus. The production rate of CD4+ T-cells, like other immune cells depends on certain factors such as age, health status, and the presence of infections or diseases. Therefore, we incorporate a variable source term in the dynamics of HIV infection with a saturated incidence rate to enhance the precision of our findings. We introduce the fundamental concepts of fractional operators as a means of scrutinizing the proposed HIV model. To facilitate a deeper understanding of our system, we present an iterative scheme that elucidates the trajectories of the solution pathways of the system. We show the time series analysis of our model through numerical findings to conceptualize and understand the key factors of the system. In addition to this, we present the phase portrait and the oscillatory behavior of the system with the variation of different input parameters. This information can be utilized to predict the long-term behavior of the system, including whether it will converge to a steady state or exhibit periodic or chaotic oscillations.
在过去的四十年里，艾滋病毒的蔓延无疑已成为公共卫生领域的一个重大问题，给受影响地区带来了沉重的经济负担。因此，对艾滋病病毒在人体内的传播机制进行全面研究势在必行。在这项工作中，我们利用分数微积分原理设计了一个数学模型，阐明了 CD4+ T 细胞与 HIV 病毒之间错综复杂的相互作用。CD4+ T 细胞的生成率与其他免疫细胞一样，取决于某些因素，如年龄、健康状况、感染或疾病的存在。因此，我们在饱和发病率的 HIV 感染动力学中加入了可变源项，以提高研究结果的精确性。我们引入了分数算子的基本概念，以此来仔细研究提出的 HIV 模型。为了加深对系统的理解，我们提出了一种迭代方案，以阐明系统的求解路径。我们通过数值结果展示了我们模型的时间序列分析，从而概念化并理解系统的关键因素。此外，我们还展示了系统随不同输入参数变化而产生的相位图和振荡行为。这些信息可用于预测系统的长期行为，包括系统是否会趋于稳定状态，或表现出周期性或混沌振荡。
{"title":"Modeling the dynamical behavior of the interaction of T-cells and human immunodeficiency virus with saturated incidence","authors":"Salah Boulaaras, Rashid Jan, Amin Khan, Ali Allahem, Imtiaz Ahmad, Salma Bahramand","doi":"10.1088/1572-9494/ad2368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ad2368","url":null,"abstract":"In the last forty years, the rise of HIV has undoubtedly become a major concern in the field of public health, imposing significant economic burdens on affected regions. Consequently, it becomes imperative to undertake comprehensive investigations into the mechanisms governing the dissemination of HIV within the human body. In this work, we have devised a mathematical model that elucidates the intricate interplay between CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells and viruses of HIV, employing the principles of fractional calculus. The production rate of CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells, like other immune cells depends on certain factors such as age, health status, and the presence of infections or diseases. Therefore, we incorporate a variable source term in the dynamics of HIV infection with a saturated incidence rate to enhance the precision of our findings. We introduce the fundamental concepts of fractional operators as a means of scrutinizing the proposed HIV model. To facilitate a deeper understanding of our system, we present an iterative scheme that elucidates the trajectories of the solution pathways of the system. We show the time series analysis of our model through numerical findings to conceptualize and understand the key factors of the system. In addition to this, we present the phase portrait and the oscillatory behavior of the system with the variation of different input parameters. This information can be utilized to predict the long-term behavior of the system, including whether it will converge to a steady state or exhibit periodic or chaotic oscillations.","PeriodicalId":10641,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Theoretical Physics","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1088/1572-9494/ad236a
D A Baghdasaryan, V A Harutynyan, E M Kazaryan, H A Sarkisyan
This paper theoretically studies the impurity states and the effects of impurity concentration and configuration on the optical, electrical, and statistical properties of CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs). An image charge-based model of electron-impurity interaction is proposed. The charge-carrier energy spectra and corresponding wave functions depending on the impurity number and configuration are calculated. The electron binding energies are calculated for different NPL thicknesses. It is shown that the image charge-based interaction potential that arises due to the dielectric constants mismatch is much stronger than the interaction potential that does not take such a mismatch into account. Also, it is demonstrated that the binding energies are increasing with the number of impurities. We calculate the canonical partition function using the energy levels of the electron, which in turn is used to obtain the mean energy, heat capacity, and entropy of the non-interacting electron gas. The thermodynamic properties of the non-interacting electron gas that depend on the geometric parameters of the NPL, impurity number, configuration, and temperature are studied.
{"title":"The multi-impurity system in CdSe nanoplatelets: electronic structure and thermodynamic properties","authors":"D A Baghdasaryan, V A Harutynyan, E M Kazaryan, H A Sarkisyan","doi":"10.1088/1572-9494/ad236a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ad236a","url":null,"abstract":"This paper theoretically studies the impurity states and the effects of impurity concentration and configuration on the optical, electrical, and statistical properties of CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs). An image charge-based model of electron-impurity interaction is proposed. The charge-carrier energy spectra and corresponding wave functions depending on the impurity number and configuration are calculated. The electron binding energies are calculated for different NPL thicknesses. It is shown that the image charge-based interaction potential that arises due to the dielectric constants mismatch is much stronger than the interaction potential that does not take such a mismatch into account. Also, it is demonstrated that the binding energies are increasing with the number of impurities. We calculate the canonical partition function using the energy levels of the electron, which in turn is used to obtain the mean energy, heat capacity, and entropy of the non-interacting electron gas. The thermodynamic properties of the non-interacting electron gas that depend on the geometric parameters of the NPL, impurity number, configuration, and temperature are studied.","PeriodicalId":10641,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Theoretical Physics","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1088/1572-9494/ad23dd
Dan Zhu, Khai-Ming Wong, Guo-Quan Wong
We present the first numerical solution that corresponds to a pair of Cho–Maison monopoles and antimonopoles (MAPs) in the SU(2) × U(1) Weinberg–Salam (WS) theory. The monopoles are finitely separated, while each pole carries a magnetic charge ±4π/e. The positive pole is situated in the upper hemisphere, whereas the negative pole is in the lower hemisphere. The Cho–Maison MAP is investigated for a range of Weinberg angles, 0.4675≤tanθW≤10, and Higgs self-coupling, 0 ≤ β ≤ 1.7704. The magnetic dipole moment (μm) and pole separation (dz) of the numerical solutions are calculated and analyzed. The total energy of the system, however, is infinite due to point singularities at the locations of monopoles.
{"title":"The electroweak monopole–antimonopole pair in the standard model","authors":"Dan Zhu, Khai-Ming Wong, Guo-Quan Wong","doi":"10.1088/1572-9494/ad23dd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ad23dd","url":null,"abstract":"We present the first numerical solution that corresponds to a pair of Cho–Maison monopoles and antimonopoles (MAPs) in the SU(2) × U(1) Weinberg–Salam (WS) theory. The monopoles are finitely separated, while each pole carries a magnetic charge ±4<italic toggle=\"yes\">π</italic>/<italic toggle=\"yes\">e</italic>. The positive pole is situated in the upper hemisphere, whereas the negative pole is in the lower hemisphere. The Cho–Maison MAP is investigated for a range of Weinberg angles, <inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math>\u0000<?CDATA $0.4675leqslant tan {theta }_{{rm{W}}}leqslant 10$?>\u0000</tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mn>0.4675</mml:mn><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mi>tan</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>θ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">W</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"ctpad23ddieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>, and Higgs self-coupling, 0 ≤ <italic toggle=\"yes\">β</italic> ≤ 1.7704. The magnetic dipole moment (<italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>\u0000<sub>m</sub>) and pole separation (<italic toggle=\"yes\">d</italic>\u0000<sub>\u0000<italic toggle=\"yes\">z</italic>\u0000</sub>) of the numerical solutions are calculated and analyzed. The total energy of the system, however, is infinite due to point singularities at the locations of monopoles.","PeriodicalId":10641,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Theoretical Physics","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140004033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1088/1572-9494/ad23d1
Si-Jia Chen, Xing Lü
Based on the long wave limit method, the general form of the second-order and third-order rogue wave solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation are given by introducing some arbitrary parameters. The interaction solutions between the first-order rogue wave and one-breather wave are constructed by taking a long wave limit on the two-breather solutions. By applying the same method to the three-breather solutions, two types of interaction solutions are obtained, namely the first-order rogue wave and two breather waves, the second-order rogue wave and one-breather wave, respectively. The influence of the parameters related to the phase on the interaction phenomena is graphically demonstrated. Collisions occur among the rogue waves and breather waves. After the collisions, the shape of them remains unchanged. The abundant interaction phenomena in this paper will contribute to a better understanding of the propagation and control of nonlinear waves.
{"title":"Rogue wave solutions and rogue-breather solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation","authors":"Si-Jia Chen, Xing Lü","doi":"10.1088/1572-9494/ad23d1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ad23d1","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the long wave limit method, the general form of the second-order and third-order rogue wave solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation are given by introducing some arbitrary parameters. The interaction solutions between the first-order rogue wave and one-breather wave are constructed by taking a long wave limit on the two-breather solutions. By applying the same method to the three-breather solutions, two types of interaction solutions are obtained, namely the first-order rogue wave and two breather waves, the second-order rogue wave and one-breather wave, respectively. The influence of the parameters related to the phase on the interaction phenomena is graphically demonstrated. Collisions occur among the rogue waves and breather waves. After the collisions, the shape of them remains unchanged. The abundant interaction phenomena in this paper will contribute to a better understanding of the propagation and control of nonlinear waves.","PeriodicalId":10641,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Theoretical Physics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：