ambe Dede Kelly, Knowledge Shumba, S. Zindiye, Gift Donga
Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) possess attributes akin to entrepreneurship that make them indispensable tools for economic growth and development. While SMMEs have a direct impact on economic growth in advanced economies, these enterprises have a high failure rate due to a variety of reasons, especially during the start-up and growth phases. Government support schemes have been availed to SMMEs to assist them to survive the vulnerable phases of their existence. This study investigates the role of government support services towards the development and growth of SMMEs in South Africa. The quantitative research design used the survey method to collect data from a sample of one hundred (100) SMMEs in Thohoyandou, South Africa. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data, and presentation used descriptive analysis. The main study revealed that despite the government support schemes and initiatives, the failure rate of SMMEs remains high. The major factors affecting the uptake of government support schemes and initiatives included the lack of information and access to the financial assistance offered to most SMMEs through the government schemes. Despite the support schemes and initiatives, further challenges include the proliferating myriad of rules and regulations in the regulatory environment curtailing the operations and survival of SMMEs. Study findings indicated that despite the existence of the growth and development-oriented government support schemes, most SMMEs are unaware of their existence while other enterprises find them ineffective. The main conclusions point to the information deficit and needs analysis that would tailor-make and accommodate the specific requirements of different enterprises.
{"title":"AN EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT SERVICES FOR SMMEs IN THOHOYANDOU, SOUTH AFRICA","authors":"ambe Dede Kelly, Knowledge Shumba, S. Zindiye, Gift Donga","doi":"10.14426/jei.v2i1.1163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/jei.v2i1.1163","url":null,"abstract":"Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) possess attributes akin to entrepreneurship that make them indispensable tools for economic growth and development. While SMMEs have a direct impact on economic growth in advanced economies, these enterprises have a high failure rate due to a variety of reasons, especially during the start-up and growth phases. Government support schemes have been availed to SMMEs to assist them to survive the vulnerable phases of their existence. This study investigates the role of government support services towards the development and growth of SMMEs in South Africa. The quantitative research design used the survey method to collect data from a sample of one hundred (100) SMMEs in Thohoyandou, South Africa. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data, and presentation used descriptive analysis. The main study revealed that despite the government support schemes and initiatives, the failure rate of SMMEs remains high. The major factors affecting the uptake of government support schemes and initiatives included the lack of information and access to the financial assistance offered to most SMMEs through the government schemes. Despite the support schemes and initiatives, further challenges include the proliferating myriad of rules and regulations in the regulatory environment curtailing the operations and survival of SMMEs. Study findings indicated that despite the existence of the growth and development-oriented government support schemes, most SMMEs are unaware of their existence while other enterprises find them ineffective. The main conclusions point to the information deficit and needs analysis that would tailor-make and accommodate the specific requirements of different enterprises.","PeriodicalId":106682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurial Innovations","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116796470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microfranchising is one of the new innovative business concepts that has gained traction in the past few years, and which could provide a solution to the challenges faced by micro- entrepreneurs and stimulate the growth of entrepreneurship. Microfranchising has therefore, emerged as a potential strategy meant to rapidly scale-up entrepreneurship behaviour within the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP). However, despite microfranchising being singled out as a panacea for economic growth globally, very little is known about the microfranchising business concept in South Africa. Resultantly, the latter is ignored from entrepreneurship discussion and discourse at both academic and policy levels. To address this gap, the study assessed microfranchising practices in South Africa, to profile the characteristics of microfranchise businesses in South Africa. The study used the interpretivism research paradigm to achieve the study objectives. Primary and secondary data were employed to collect data on the microfranchising practices in South Africa. Five in-depth interviews were successfully conducted with microfranchisees, while secondary data (microfranchisees’ and microfranchisors’ success stories) was employed to collect data on the former and current practices of microfranchising in South Africa. The collected data was analysed using the ATLAS.ti. The study results show that the microfranchise business exhibits traits of BoP markets, centralised inventory buying, comprehensive training of microfranchisees, decentralised inventory buying, job creation, master microfranchisee, sales orientation, self-reliance of the business, standardisation and adaptation.
{"title":"AN INSIGHT OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MICRO-FRANCHISE BUSINESSES OPERATING IN SOUTH AFRICA","authors":"Knowledge Shumba, L. Nkondo","doi":"10.14426/jei.v1i2.704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/jei.v1i2.704","url":null,"abstract":"Microfranchising is one of the new innovative business concepts that has gained traction in the past few years, and which could provide a solution to the challenges faced by micro- entrepreneurs and stimulate the growth of entrepreneurship. Microfranchising has therefore, emerged as a potential strategy meant to rapidly scale-up entrepreneurship behaviour within the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP). However, despite microfranchising being singled out as a panacea for economic growth globally, very little is known about the microfranchising business concept in South Africa. Resultantly, the latter is ignored from entrepreneurship discussion and discourse at both academic and policy levels. To address this gap, the study assessed microfranchising practices in South Africa, to profile the characteristics of microfranchise businesses in South Africa. The study used the interpretivism research paradigm to achieve the study objectives. Primary and secondary data were employed to collect data on the microfranchising practices in South Africa. Five in-depth interviews were successfully conducted with microfranchisees, while secondary data (microfranchisees’ and microfranchisors’ success stories) was employed to collect data on the former and current practices of microfranchising in South Africa. The collected data was analysed using the ATLAS.ti. The study results show that the microfranchise business exhibits traits of BoP markets, centralised inventory buying, comprehensive training of microfranchisees, decentralised inventory buying, job creation, master microfranchisee, sales orientation, self-reliance of the business, standardisation and adaptation.","PeriodicalId":106682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurial Innovations","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127585320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miria Claude Eulalie Okouwadela, R. Tengeh, C. Iwu
One of the fastest growing sectors of the South African economy is tourism. As such, it provides an excellent opportunity for profit-driven entrepreneurs. Within the tourism sector, small-scale accommodation businesses (SSABs) have become popular for the ‘relative’ ease of establishment. Given their relative ease of establishment and the accruable benefits for the owner/manager, factors that impede their expansion deserve research attention. Interestingly, as extant literature suggests, business expansion and sustainability issues are among the growth challenges confronting SSABs. This study thus aimed to determine the factors that interfere with developing and sustaining SSABs in Cape Town's Central Business District (CBD). A quantitative technique was used in this study, with 100 questionnaires distributed to respondents within SSABs in and around Cape Town's City Centre. The data was analysed with IBM SPSS Statistics software, and the results are provided in tabular format using cross-tabulation and/or graphs. As a critical sector of the Cape Town tourism industry, SSABs face increased competition and a lack of financial assistance. Additionally, they are affected by macroenvironmental forces such as political, technological, legal, environmental, economic, and social forces. The findings suggest that the government should invest more in assisting SSABs in developing (1) more effective strategies for reducing crime in the Cape Town central business district (CBD), which affects the tourism market, and (2) more favourable regulations for visitors and tourism-related activities. Additionally, SSABs must establish business relationships with large hotels in order to accelerate the sector's growth.
{"title":"IMPROVING THE GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES OF SMALLSCALE ACCOMMODATION BUSINESSES THROUGH GOVERNMENT-PRIVATE SECTOR INTERVENTION","authors":"Miria Claude Eulalie Okouwadela, R. Tengeh, C. Iwu","doi":"10.14426/jei.v3i1.1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/jei.v3i1.1230","url":null,"abstract":"One of the fastest growing sectors of the South African economy is tourism. As such, it provides an excellent opportunity for profit-driven entrepreneurs. Within the tourism sector, small-scale accommodation businesses (SSABs) have become popular for the ‘relative’ ease of establishment. Given their relative ease of establishment and the accruable benefits for the owner/manager, factors that impede their expansion deserve research attention. Interestingly, as extant literature suggests, business expansion and sustainability issues are among the growth challenges confronting SSABs. This study thus aimed to determine the factors that interfere with developing and sustaining SSABs in Cape Town's Central Business District (CBD). A quantitative technique was used in this study, with 100 questionnaires distributed to respondents within SSABs in and around Cape Town's City Centre. The data was analysed with IBM SPSS Statistics software, and the results are provided in tabular format using cross-tabulation and/or graphs. As a critical sector of the Cape Town tourism industry, SSABs face increased competition and a lack of financial assistance. Additionally, they are affected by macroenvironmental forces such as political, technological, legal, environmental, economic, and social forces. The findings suggest that the government should invest more in assisting SSABs in developing (1) more effective strategies for reducing crime in the Cape Town central business district (CBD), which affects the tourism market, and (2) more favourable regulations for visitors and tourism-related activities. Additionally, SSABs must establish business relationships with large hotels in order to accelerate the sector's growth.","PeriodicalId":106682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurial Innovations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130487763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been a significant increase in the number of women entrepreneurs in various sectors of the economy throughout the world. Some women entrepreneurs registered some success stories, while others dismally failed and ended up poorer than they were before they started their businesses. The main purpose of this study was to establish the successes, failures and survival strategies of women entrepreneurs in Masvingo city, Zimbabwe. A qualitative research methodology was employed to carry out the study. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted on 40 (forty) participants who were selected by using the snowball sampling technique. Thematic data analysis approach was utilized to analyse the collected data. It was found that despite some registered failures and challenges like failing to retain staff, failing to raise adequate capital, and failing to access advanced technology, a significant number of women entrepreneurs were generally successful in launching, maintaining and growing their businesses. The strategies which women entrepreneurs employed to survive, included among others, buying raw materials or goods for resale in bulk to enjoy the economies of scale; pegging prices and selling their products in United States Dollars (USD); pegging prices in USD and selling products at the prevailing Zimbabwean Dollar exchange rate; or hiring competent staff to ensure that workers were appropriately motivated. It was recommended that women entrepreneurs should continuously scan the macro- and micro-environments to identify new opportunities as well as emerging business threats.
{"title":"LIVED EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MASVINGO CITY: SUCCESSES, FAILURES AND SURVIVAL STRATEGIES","authors":"T. Nyanga","doi":"10.14426/JEI.V2I1.934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/JEI.V2I1.934","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a significant increase in the number of women entrepreneurs in various sectors of the economy throughout the world. Some women entrepreneurs registered some success stories, while others dismally failed and ended up poorer than they were before they started their businesses. The main purpose of this study was to establish the successes, failures and survival strategies of women entrepreneurs in Masvingo city, Zimbabwe. A qualitative research methodology was employed to carry out the study. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted on 40 (forty) participants who were selected by using the snowball sampling technique. Thematic data analysis approach was utilized to analyse the collected data. It was found that despite some registered failures and challenges like failing to retain staff, failing to raise adequate capital, and failing to access advanced technology, a significant number of women entrepreneurs were generally successful in launching, maintaining and growing their businesses. The strategies which women entrepreneurs employed to survive, included among others, buying raw materials or goods for resale in bulk to enjoy the economies of scale; pegging prices and selling their products in United States Dollars (USD); pegging prices in USD and selling products at the prevailing Zimbabwean Dollar exchange rate; or hiring competent staff to ensure that workers were appropriately motivated. It was recommended that women entrepreneurs should continuously scan the macro- and micro-environments to identify new opportunities as well as emerging business threats.","PeriodicalId":106682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurial Innovations","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132000388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The role of women in economic development through participation in the informal sector has been widely reported in the extant literature. This study explores the determinants of women entrepreneurship success in the Harare Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe. Self-completed questionnaires were used to collect data from four hundred (400) women entrepreneurs, as well as semi-structured interviews with key informants in the Harare Metropolitan Province. Data analysis used descriptive statistics. The study indicated the following determinants for success: leadership skills, managerial skills, education and training, motivation for success, confidence, self-esteem, creativity and innovation. In turn, the key factors inhibiting the success of women entrepreneurship included, lack of access to finance, poor regulatory environment, uncertain economic environment, societal stereotypes and poor family support. The study conclusions highlight the need for women entrepreneurs to cultivate leadership skills, improve business education skills and training, adopt innovative thinking and to craft creative strategies. The main recommendations emphasise the need for government support in mobilizing financial resources, simplifying licensing requirements, and reducing business-related taxes for women entrepreneurs.
{"title":"DETERMINANTS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP SUCCESS IN ZIMBABWE. A CASE STUDY OF HARARE METROPOLITAN PROVINCE","authors":"Y. Dzapasi","doi":"10.14426/jei.v1i1.573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/jei.v1i1.573","url":null,"abstract":": The role of women in economic development through participation in the informal sector has been widely reported in the extant literature. This study explores the determinants of women entrepreneurship success in the Harare Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe. Self-completed questionnaires were used to collect data from four hundred (400) women entrepreneurs, as well as semi-structured interviews with key informants in the Harare Metropolitan Province. Data analysis used descriptive statistics. The study indicated the following determinants for success: leadership skills, managerial skills, education and training, motivation for success, confidence, self-esteem, creativity and innovation. In turn, the key factors inhibiting the success of women entrepreneurship included, lack of access to finance, poor regulatory environment, uncertain economic environment, societal stereotypes and poor family support. The study conclusions highlight the need for women entrepreneurs to cultivate leadership skills, improve business education skills and training, adopt innovative thinking and to craft creative strategies. The main recommendations emphasise the need for government support in mobilizing financial resources, simplifying licensing requirements, and reducing business-related taxes for women entrepreneurs.","PeriodicalId":106682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurial Innovations","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133649219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary purpose of the study was to develop a model for measuring entrepreneurship intentions among university art students. Therefore, the study investigated and attempted to answer the following question: To what extent does entrepreneurial environment affect the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention (Attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control? A sample of 150 graduates from the Arts and Design programme took part in the study and data collected was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results provide evidence that subjective norm is an insignificant predictor of entrepreneurial intention compared to attitudes towards entrepreneurial behaviour and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Perceived environment support was observed to directly relate to future Entrepreneurial Intentions and it also mediates the relationship between Perceived University Environment, Perceived Entrepreneurial Abilities and immediate Entrepreneurial Intentions. It is recommended that policymakers should consider the development of a coherent national policy framework that addresses entrepreneurship for the art/creative industries sector. Future research is recommended to fully evaluate the effectiveness of the impact that subject components in Entrepreneurship Education have on students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship, perceived entrepreneurial abilities, and Entrepreneurial Intentions.
{"title":"ENTREPRENEURIAL ENVIRONMENT AS AN ANTECEDENT OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTENTIONS","authors":"P. Ebewo, A. Nesamvuni","doi":"10.14426/jei.v1i2.707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/jei.v1i2.707","url":null,"abstract":"The primary purpose of the study was to develop a model for measuring entrepreneurship intentions among university art students. Therefore, the study investigated and attempted to answer the following question: To what extent does entrepreneurial environment affect the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention (Attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control? A sample of 150 graduates from the Arts and Design programme took part in the study and data collected was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results provide evidence that subjective norm is an insignificant predictor of entrepreneurial intention compared to attitudes towards entrepreneurial behaviour and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Perceived environment support was observed to directly relate to future Entrepreneurial Intentions and it also mediates the relationship between Perceived University Environment, Perceived Entrepreneurial Abilities and immediate Entrepreneurial Intentions. It is recommended that policymakers should consider the development of a coherent national policy framework that addresses entrepreneurship for the art/creative industries sector. Future research is recommended to fully evaluate the effectiveness of the impact that subject components in Entrepreneurship Education have on students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship, perceived entrepreneurial abilities, and Entrepreneurial Intentions.","PeriodicalId":106682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurial Innovations","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131415205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is an increasing attention being accorded to the adoption of mobile marketing transactions in recent years, as both practitioners and researchers recognise that mobile commerce (m-commerce) is poised to burst into the mainstream. This study identifies a literature gap in which there seems to be an insufficient critical mass of studies on the adoption of innovative marketing technologies within the South African context. More specifically, very few studies have been conducted regarding the contribution of mobile marketing-related activities on consumer behaviour towards m-commerce. In view of this development, guided by the uses and gratification theory, the purpose of this study is to ascertain the influence of marketing-related mobile activities on the adoption of mobile marketing transactions, specifically focusing on the South African youth consumers. To fulfil the purpose of the study, the objectives of the study are centered on examining the degree to which the following marketing-related mobile activities: (1) provide information online, (2) access content online, and (3) share content online, influence consumers’ adoption of mobile marketing transactions. Following a quantitative research technique and a descriptive single cross-sectional design, data was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire, using a sample of 810 students from three selected South African universities. Three research hypotheses were advanced in line with the study objectives, and they were tested using linear regression analysis. The study findings confirm the positive significant effects of marketing-related mobile activities in driving adoption of mobile marketing transactions. Managerial implications of the findings are discussed, and limitations and future research directions are also indicated.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF MARKETING-RELATED MOBILE ACTIVITIES ON THE ADOPTION OF MOBILE MARKETING TRANSACTIONS: A USES AND GRATIFICATION PERSPECTIVE","authors":"Gift Donga, Armstrong Kadyamatimba","doi":"10.14426/jei.v1i2.702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14426/jei.v1i2.702","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing attention being accorded to the adoption of mobile marketing transactions in recent years, as both practitioners and researchers recognise that mobile commerce (m-commerce) is poised to burst into the mainstream. This study identifies a literature gap in which there seems to be an insufficient critical mass of studies on the adoption of innovative marketing technologies within the South African context. More specifically, very few studies have been conducted regarding the contribution of mobile marketing-related activities on consumer behaviour towards m-commerce. In view of this development, guided by the uses and gratification theory, the purpose of this study is to ascertain the influence of marketing-related mobile activities on the adoption of mobile marketing transactions, specifically focusing on the South African youth consumers. To fulfil the purpose of the study, the objectives of the study are centered on examining the degree to which the following marketing-related mobile activities: (1) provide information online, (2) access content online, and (3) share content online, influence consumers’ adoption of mobile marketing transactions. Following a quantitative research technique and a descriptive single cross-sectional design, data was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire, using a sample of 810 students from three selected South African universities. Three research hypotheses were advanced in line with the study objectives, and they were tested using linear regression analysis. The study findings confirm the positive significant effects of marketing-related mobile activities in driving adoption of mobile marketing transactions. Managerial implications of the findings are discussed, and limitations and future research directions are also indicated.","PeriodicalId":106682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurial Innovations","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126759457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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