Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.299
Septi Purnamasari, R. Hidayat, Article Info
The specialized epithelial outer layer, including the skin and mucosal surfaces, is relatively resistant to most environmental hazards and resistant to infection by disease-causing microorganisms. This literature review aimed to describe the role of natural physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers in innate immunity. The physical barrier that protects against damage and infection consists of closely related epithelial cells, including the skin and the sheet membranes that line the digestive tract, genitourinary, and breathing. The epithelial surface also provides a biochemical barrier by synthesizing and secreting substances intended to trap or destroy microorganisms (chemicals derived from the epithelium). Mucus, sweat, saliva, tears, and earwax are examples of biochemical secretions that can trap and kill potential disease-causing microorganisms. Microorganisms in the microbiome do not usually cause disease, although some are opportunistic in that they can cause disease if the integrity of the body surface is compromised or the individual's immune or inflammatory systems are damaged. In conclusion, natural barriers include physical, mechanical, and biochemical on the surface of the body and are present from birth to prevent damage by substances in the environment and prevent infection by pathogenic microorganisms.
{"title":"The Role of Natural Physical, Mechanical, and Biochemical Barriers as Innate Immunity: A Narrative Literature Review","authors":"Septi Purnamasari, R. Hidayat, Article Info","doi":"10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.299","url":null,"abstract":"The specialized epithelial outer layer, including the skin and mucosal surfaces, is relatively resistant to most environmental hazards and resistant to infection by disease-causing microorganisms. This literature review aimed to describe the role of natural physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers in innate immunity. The physical barrier that protects against damage and infection consists of closely related epithelial cells, including the skin and the sheet membranes that line the digestive tract, genitourinary, and breathing. The epithelial surface also provides a biochemical barrier by synthesizing and secreting substances intended to trap or destroy microorganisms (chemicals derived from the epithelium). Mucus, sweat, saliva, tears, and earwax are examples of biochemical secretions that can trap and kill potential disease-causing microorganisms. Microorganisms in the microbiome do not usually cause disease, although some are opportunistic in that they can cause disease if the integrity of the body surface is compromised or the individual's immune or inflammatory systems are damaged. In conclusion, natural barriers include physical, mechanical, and biochemical on the surface of the body and are present from birth to prevent damage by substances in the environment and prevent infection by pathogenic microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":106715,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121214411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.300
Z. Maritska, R. Hidayat, Article Info
Each cell has receptors on the cell surface that specifically bind to solutes (ligands) produced during tissue damage or infection. This review aimed to describe the role of PRR in the human body's defense system. The binding of the ligand to its receptor results in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways and cell activation. The B and T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system have developed surface receptors (that is, the T-cell receptor, or TCR, and the B-cell receptor, or BCR) that bind a broad spectrum of antigens. The cells involved in innate resistance have developed a distinct set of receptors that recognize a much more limited array of specific molecules. These are called pattern recognition receptor (PRR), and they recognize the molecular patterns in infectious agents or their products (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMP) or products of cellular damage (necrosis or apoptosis; molecular pattern-associated damage, or DAMPs). In conclusion, the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) is a receptor complex that interacts with various molecules, such as PAMP and DAMPs. PRR bonds with these various molecules and play a role in various actions of innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
{"title":"The Role of Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) in the Body's Defense System: A Narrative Literature Review","authors":"Z. Maritska, R. Hidayat, Article Info","doi":"10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.300","url":null,"abstract":"Each cell has receptors on the cell surface that specifically bind to solutes (ligands) produced during tissue damage or infection. This review aimed to describe the role of PRR in the human body's defense system. The binding of the ligand to its receptor results in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways and cell activation. The B and T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system have developed surface receptors (that is, the T-cell receptor, or TCR, and the B-cell receptor, or BCR) that bind a broad spectrum of antigens. The cells involved in innate resistance have developed a distinct set of receptors that recognize a much more limited array of specific molecules. These are called pattern recognition receptor (PRR), and they recognize the molecular patterns in infectious agents or their products (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMP) or products of cellular damage (necrosis or apoptosis; molecular pattern-associated damage, or DAMPs). In conclusion, the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) is a receptor complex that interacts with various molecules, such as PAMP and DAMPs. PRR bonds with these various molecules and play a role in various actions of innate immunity and adaptive immunity.","PeriodicalId":106715,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117263882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.298
R. Hidayat, Catherine
Injury to cells and the surrounding environment, called the extracellular matrix, triggers injury to tissues and organs. Although a normal cell is limited by narrow boundaries of structure and function, it is capable of adapting to biological demands or stress to maintain a steady state called homeostasis. Adaptation is a reversible, structural, or functional response to normal or physiological conditions and adverse or pathological conditions. This review aimed to describe the mechanism of cellular adaptation in the human body. Cells adapt to the environment to escape and protect against injury. Adaptation of the cell, be it normal or injured, this condition lies somewhere between these two conditions. The most significant adaptive changes in cells include atrophy (decreased cell size), hypertrophy (increased cell size), hyperplasia (increased cell number), and metaplasia (reversible replacement of one mature cell for another less mature cell or change in phenotype). Dysplasia (a disorder of cellular growth) is not considered a true cellular adaptation but rather an atypical hyperplasia. In conclusion, cellular adaptation is a central and common part of many disease conditions.
{"title":"Mechanisms of Cellular Adaptation and Change: A Narrative Literature Review","authors":"R. Hidayat, Catherine","doi":"10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.298","url":null,"abstract":"Injury to cells and the surrounding environment, called the extracellular matrix, triggers injury to tissues and organs. Although a normal cell is limited by narrow boundaries of structure and function, it is capable of adapting to biological demands or stress to maintain a steady state called homeostasis. Adaptation is a reversible, structural, or functional response to normal or physiological conditions and adverse or pathological conditions. This review aimed to describe the mechanism of cellular adaptation in the human body. Cells adapt to the environment to escape and protect against injury. Adaptation of the cell, be it normal or injured, this condition lies somewhere between these two conditions. The most significant adaptive changes in cells include atrophy (decreased cell size), hypertrophy (increased cell size), hyperplasia (increased cell number), and metaplasia (reversible replacement of one mature cell for another less mature cell or change in phenotype). Dysplasia (a disorder of cellular growth) is not considered a true cellular adaptation but rather an atypical hyperplasia. In conclusion, cellular adaptation is a central and common part of many disease conditions.","PeriodicalId":106715,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115554356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.287
Sana Ullah, Rabbia Shoaib, Siyar Khan, Aalia Masood
Skin pigmentation disorders refer to conditions that affect the color of the skin due to alterations in the production or distribution of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. The development of skin pigmentation is a complex process involving various signaling pathways, including the melanin synthesis pathway, the cyclic AMP pathway, and the Wnt signaling pathway. Dysregulation of these pathways can lead to the development of skin pigmentation disorders. Phytotherapeutic approaches have been increasingly studied as a potential treatment for skin pigmentation disorders. This literature review aimed to describe the basic mechanism of melanogenesis, various pathways involved in melanin formation, and certain diseases and their treatment through plant extracts. Plant extracts containing bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins have been shown to have anti-pigmentary effects through various mechanisms, including inhibition of tyrosinase activity, reduction of melanin synthesis, and modulation of melanogenesis-related signaling pathways. Skin pigmentation disorders are complex and multifactorial conditions that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Targeting the signaling pathways involved in pigmentation regulation, particularly through phytotherapeutic approaches, represents a promising avenue for the development of new therapies for these disorders.
{"title":"Phytochemicals; Targeted-Based Therapeutic Approaches for Pigmentation Disorders","authors":"Sana Ullah, Rabbia Shoaib, Siyar Khan, Aalia Masood","doi":"10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/oaijmr.v3i2.287","url":null,"abstract":"Skin pigmentation disorders refer to conditions that affect the color of the skin due to alterations in the production or distribution of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. The development of skin pigmentation is a complex process involving various signaling pathways, including the melanin synthesis pathway, the cyclic AMP pathway, and the Wnt signaling pathway. Dysregulation of these pathways can lead to the development of skin pigmentation disorders. Phytotherapeutic approaches have been increasingly studied as a potential treatment for skin pigmentation disorders. This literature review aimed to describe the basic mechanism of melanogenesis, various pathways involved in melanin formation, and certain diseases and their treatment through plant extracts. Plant extracts containing bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins have been shown to have anti-pigmentary effects through various mechanisms, including inhibition of tyrosinase activity, reduction of melanin synthesis, and modulation of melanogenesis-related signaling pathways. Skin pigmentation disorders are complex and multifactorial conditions that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Targeting the signaling pathways involved in pigmentation regulation, particularly through phytotherapeutic approaches, represents a promising avenue for the development of new therapies for these disorders.","PeriodicalId":106715,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123329243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.286
Ricka Islamiyati, Yanulia Handayani, Kadar Ismah, Gendis Purno Yudanti, Heni Setyoningsih, Sri Fitrianingsih
Antioxidants are chemical compounds that can neutralize free radical agents. These compounds work by donating electrons to achieve a stable form, thereby inhibiting the oxidative mechanisms that cause degenerative disease. Lamtoro seeds contain many active compounds that can be used as a source of natural antioxidants and antibacterials. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant effect of the n-hexane fraction of lamtoro seeds (Leucaena leucocephala Lmk. de Wit.). This study is an in vitro experimental study. The object of study was the n-hexane fraction of lamtoro seeds, where antioxidant activity was examined using the DPPH method. Analysis was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The n-hexane fraction contained a total flavonoid content of 9.224% and had antioxidant activity with an lC50 value of 67.94 ppm. In conclusion, the n-hexane fraction of lamtoro seeds (Leucaena leucocephala Lmk.de Wit.) has strong antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of Leucaena leucocephala Lmk.de Wit. N-Hexane Fraction","authors":"Ricka Islamiyati, Yanulia Handayani, Kadar Ismah, Gendis Purno Yudanti, Heni Setyoningsih, Sri Fitrianingsih","doi":"10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.286","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidants are chemical compounds that can neutralize free radical agents. These compounds work by donating electrons to achieve a stable form, thereby inhibiting the oxidative mechanisms that cause degenerative disease. Lamtoro seeds contain many active compounds that can be used as a source of natural antioxidants and antibacterials. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant effect of the n-hexane fraction of lamtoro seeds (Leucaena leucocephala Lmk. de Wit.). This study is an in vitro experimental study. The object of study was the n-hexane fraction of lamtoro seeds, where antioxidant activity was examined using the DPPH method. Analysis was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The n-hexane fraction contained a total flavonoid content of 9.224% and had antioxidant activity with an lC50 value of 67.94 ppm. In conclusion, the n-hexane fraction of lamtoro seeds (Leucaena leucocephala Lmk.de Wit.) has strong antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":106715,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127940704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.282
Chaula Putri Rizkia
Vitamin D is recognized for its pivotal role in maintaining calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and regulating bone metabolism. The beneficial effects of vitamin D on the protective function of the immune system are seen in the innate immune system. It increases the production of defensin β2 and cathelicidin by macrophages, monocytes, and keratinocytes in response to infection. Cathelicidin is produced by neutrophils, macrophages, and cells lining epithelial surfaces such as skin, respiratory, and digestive tracts. Recent research showed that vitamin D exerts potent immunomodulatory effects by modulating the innate and adaptive immune systems. This led to the recognition of various disease conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency. This narrative review aimed to describe the molecular mechanisms for the vitamin D immunomodulatory effect.
{"title":"Vitamin D and Its Role in Modulating Immune System: A Narrative Literature Review","authors":"Chaula Putri Rizkia","doi":"10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.282","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D is recognized for its pivotal role in maintaining calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and regulating bone metabolism. The beneficial effects of vitamin D on the protective function of the immune system are seen in the innate immune system. It increases the production of defensin β2 and cathelicidin by macrophages, monocytes, and keratinocytes in response to infection. Cathelicidin is produced by neutrophils, macrophages, and cells lining epithelial surfaces such as skin, respiratory, and digestive tracts. Recent research showed that vitamin D exerts potent immunomodulatory effects by modulating the innate and adaptive immune systems. This led to the recognition of various disease conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency. This narrative review aimed to describe the molecular mechanisms for the vitamin D immunomodulatory effect.","PeriodicalId":106715,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124767921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disease that is often found in children. NS can cause infectious and non-infectious complications, such as upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, edema, acute kidney injury (AKI), and hypertension. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of age, gender, nutritional status, hypertension, hematuria, AKI, hyperfiltration, and steroid sensitivity to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children with the initial idiopathic NS in the pediatric ward of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 72 secondary data of research subjects were included in this study. Risk factor analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS version 24 software in univariate, bivariate, and multivariate ways. The most common risk factor for children with the initial idiopathic NS is age ≥10 years, males and females gender obtained the same number, and the nutritional status of obesity, hematuria, AKI, and hyperfiltration have quite low rates. However, hypertension and SRNS have high rates in children with initial idiopathic NS. In conclusion, hypertension and hyperfiltration are risk factors that play a role in initiating the progression of idiopathic NS to CKD in the pediatric ward of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang.
肾病综合征(NS)是一种常见于儿童的肾脏疾病。NS可引起感染性和非感染性并发症，如上呼吸道感染、尿路感染、水肿、急性肾损伤(AKI)和高血压。本研究旨在确定年龄、性别、营养状况、高血压、血尿、AKI、超滤过和类固醇敏感性等危险因素对Palembang Dr. Mohammad Hoesin总医院儿科病房原发性特发性NS患儿慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)进展的影响。本研究为横断面设计的分析性观察性研究。本研究共纳入研究对象的72份二手资料。采用SPSS version 24软件进行单因素、双因素和多因素风险因素分析。原发性特发性NS患儿最常见的危险因素为年龄≥10岁，男女人数相同，肥胖、血尿、AKI、超滤过等营养状况发生率均较低。然而，高血压和SRNS在原发性特发性NS患儿中发病率很高。总之，高血压和超滤过是在巨港Mohammad Hoesin综合医院儿科病房启动特发性NS向CKD进展的危险因素。
{"title":"Risk Factors for Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang","authors":"Mirza Gifari Maulana, Eka Intan Fitriana, Phey Liana, Hertanti Indah Lestari, Dalilah","doi":"10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.274","url":null,"abstract":"Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disease that is often found in children. NS can cause infectious and non-infectious complications, such as upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, edema, acute kidney injury (AKI), and hypertension. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of age, gender, nutritional status, hypertension, hematuria, AKI, hyperfiltration, and steroid sensitivity to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children with the initial idiopathic NS in the pediatric ward of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 72 secondary data of research subjects were included in this study. Risk factor analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS version 24 software in univariate, bivariate, and multivariate ways. The most common risk factor for children with the initial idiopathic NS is age ≥10 years, males and females gender obtained the same number, and the nutritional status of obesity, hematuria, AKI, and hyperfiltration have quite low rates. However, hypertension and SRNS have high rates in children with initial idiopathic NS. In conclusion, hypertension and hyperfiltration are risk factors that play a role in initiating the progression of idiopathic NS to CKD in the pediatric ward of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang.","PeriodicalId":106715,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126782790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laryngomalacia is a congenital laryngeal disorder that is commonly found as a cause of stridor in infants and children. This disorder causes the collapse of the structures in the larynx resulting in impaired breathing and eating conditions in patients. This study aimed to present the characteristics of laryngomalacia patients at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia, period 2021-2022. This was a descriptive observational study that used medical record data as secondary data and primary data in the form of questionnaires in the medical record section and ORL-HNS at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, period 2021-2022. Data evaluated included age, gender, clinical symptoms, classification based on Olney distribution, degree of severity, comorbid factors, and therapy. This study showed that most patients were in the age group 3-12 months (52.9%). More were found in males (73.5%). The most common clinical symptoms were eating disorders (51.4%). The most common classification is type 1 (52.9%). Most patients come with a mild degree of severity (61.8%). The most common comorbid factors were neurological diseases (35.1%). The type of medical therapy was given to the majority of patients (94.1%).
喉软化症是一种先天性喉部疾病，常见于婴儿和儿童的喘鸣。这种疾病会导致喉部结构的崩溃，从而导致患者呼吸和进食障碍。本研究旨在介绍2021-2022年期间印度尼西亚巨港市Mohammad Hoesin总医院耳鼻喉头颈外科(ORL-HNS)的喉软化患者的特征。这是一项描述性观察性研究，使用医疗记录数据作为次要数据，并以2021-2022年期间在Palembang Dr. Mohammad Hoesin总医院的医疗记录部门和ORL-HNS的问卷形式获得主要数据。评估的数据包括年龄、性别、临床症状、基于Olney分布的分类、严重程度、合并症因素和治疗。本组患者以3 ~ 12月龄为主(52.9%)。男性发病较多(73.5%)。最常见的临床症状是饮食失调(51.4%)。最常见的分类是1型(52.9%)。大多数患者的严重程度较轻(61.8%)。最常见的合并症因素是神经系统疾病(35.1%)。大多数患者(94.1%)接受了药物治疗。
{"title":"Characteristics of Laryngomalacia Patients at Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia Period 2021-2022","authors":"Fatharani Azka Toer, Puspa Zuleika, Adelien, Lisa Apri Yanti, Fiona Widyasari","doi":"10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.273","url":null,"abstract":"Laryngomalacia is a congenital laryngeal disorder that is commonly found as a cause of stridor in infants and children. This disorder causes the collapse of the structures in the larynx resulting in impaired breathing and eating conditions in patients. This study aimed to present the characteristics of laryngomalacia patients at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia, period 2021-2022. This was a descriptive observational study that used medical record data as secondary data and primary data in the form of questionnaires in the medical record section and ORL-HNS at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, period 2021-2022. Data evaluated included age, gender, clinical symptoms, classification based on Olney distribution, degree of severity, comorbid factors, and therapy. This study showed that most patients were in the age group 3-12 months (52.9%). More were found in males (73.5%). The most common clinical symptoms were eating disorders (51.4%). The most common classification is type 1 (52.9%). Most patients come with a mild degree of severity (61.8%). The most common comorbid factors were neurological diseases (35.1%). The type of medical therapy was given to the majority of patients (94.1%).","PeriodicalId":106715,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128338922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-08DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v3i1.267
Fernando Santos de Azevedo, Lanúscia Morais de Santana Sá, Uirá Maíra de Resende, Augusto Ribeiro Gabriel, Elisângela de Paula Silveira Lacerda
Prostate cancer is a very prevalent disease in men, especially in Western countries. The treatment of this neoplasm, both localized and locally advanced, is based on the clinical risk analysis (Gleason, tumor size, PSA, and other factors) and is founded on surgery and/or radiotherapy with or without androgen blockade with a GnRH analog (hormone gonadotropin releaser). However, in patients who invariably progress to a metastatic disease scenario, the tumors may present a heterogeneous behavior, depending on whether or not they are sensitive to androgen blockade therapy. Due to the poor prognosis of the metastatic castration-resistant scenario, current research carried out in the molecular biology and genetics field has identified several gene alterations associated with the development of prostate cancer, which correlate with clinical risk, therapeutic predictive responses, and prognosis. Among the associated gene alterations, the genes of the DNA repair pathway are correlated with diseases that present: a higher risk of recurrence; early metastasis; worse cancer-specific survival; familial risk, and predictive responses to new targeted therapies. Therefore, the breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 (and other variants), present in the DNA repair machinery are being investigated to provide more (and better) therapeutic options for the treatment of the disease in the advanced scenario. This review was aimed to describe the malignant prostate disease, especially with regard to DNA repair mechanisms, genomic analysis of prostate cancer, predictive and prognostic implications, as well as on the development of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, synthetic lethality mechanisms, and BRCAness phenomenon.
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Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v2i6.259
Kadar Ismah, Supriyadi
Diabetes mellitus drugs currently available are sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidines, and alpha glucoside inhibitors which are widely used to control hyperglycemia. These drugs cannot prevent complications of diabetes, and these drugs should not be used continuously because it causes undesirable pathological conditions. The essential oil in lime peel is rich in phenolics, especially flavonoids, which can prevent oxidative stress. This research was carried out computationally to determine the affinity of the compound mechanism in lime, pharmacokinetic profile, and toxicity of the chemical content of lime which is thought to have antihyperglycemic activity using chemoinformatics studies. The hardware used is an Asus laptop X441UB-GA502T Intel Core I5 – 8250 DDR 4 4GB HD 1TB VGA mix 110 2GB screen 14 "DVD-RW WIN 10 ORI. The software used is PLANTS (PROTEIN-LIGAND ANT SYSTEM), YASARA, Marvin sketch, Swisstargetprediction, SwissADME, and Toxtree. All compounds in lime were most active against the target protein PPARγ with an average value of -78.0092, while the positive control value of thiazolidinediones was -90.3393. The highest inhibitory affinity of the compound contained in lime was hesperidin with the target protein DPP-4 of -113.614, higher than the positive control sitagliptin with an inhibitory affinity value of -107.591. Hesperidin absorption in the digestive tract is low, the topology polar surface area (TPSA) value is 234.29Å2, and low polarity and high lipophilicity. There are unexpected heterocyclic compounds, so it becomes a warning against the potential for genotoxic carcinogenicity, namely oxygen element "o".
目前可用的糖尿病药物有磺脲类、双胍类、噻唑烷类和α -糖苷类抑制剂，它们被广泛用于控制高血糖。这些药物不能预防糖尿病的并发症，这些药物不应该持续使用，因为它会引起不良的病理状况。酸橙皮精油中含有丰富的酚类物质，尤其是类黄酮，可以防止氧化应激。本研究利用化学信息学研究计算确定了该化合物在石灰中的亲和力机制、药代动力学特征和石灰化学成分的毒性，石灰被认为具有降糖活性。使用的硬件是华硕笔记本电脑x441usb - ga502t英特尔酷睿I5 - 8250 DDR 4 4GB HD 1TB VGA混合110 2GB屏幕14“DVD-RW WIN 10 ORI。使用的软件是PLANTS (PROTEIN-LIGAND ANT SYSTEM)、YASARA、Marvin sketch、Swisstargetprediction、SwissADME和Toxtree。各化合物对目标蛋白PPARγ的活性最高，平均值为-78.0092，而噻唑烷二酮类阳性对照值为-90.3393。柠檬中所含化合物的抑制亲和值最高的是橙皮苷，其靶蛋白DPP-4的抑制亲和值为-113.614，高于阳性对照西格列汀，其抑制亲和值为-107.591。橙皮苷在消化道的吸收量低，拓扑极性表面积(TPSA)值为234.29Å2，具有低极性和高亲脂性。有意想不到的杂环化合物，因此它成为对潜在的遗传毒性致癌性的警告，即氧元素“o”。
{"title":"Analysis of Molecular Docking Chemical Content of Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle) Against Diabetes Mellitus Therapy Targets and Prediction of Pharmacokinetic Profiles and Toxicity","authors":"Kadar Ismah, Supriyadi","doi":"10.37275/oaijmr.v2i6.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/oaijmr.v2i6.259","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus drugs currently available are sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidines, and alpha glucoside inhibitors which are widely used to control hyperglycemia. These drugs cannot prevent complications of diabetes, and these drugs should not be used continuously because it causes undesirable pathological conditions. The essential oil in lime peel is rich in phenolics, especially flavonoids, which can prevent oxidative stress. This research was carried out computationally to determine the affinity of the compound mechanism in lime, pharmacokinetic profile, and toxicity of the chemical content of lime which is thought to have antihyperglycemic activity using chemoinformatics studies. The hardware used is an Asus laptop X441UB-GA502T Intel Core I5 – 8250 DDR 4 4GB HD 1TB VGA mix 110 2GB screen 14 \"DVD-RW WIN 10 ORI. The software used is PLANTS (PROTEIN-LIGAND ANT SYSTEM), YASARA, Marvin sketch, Swisstargetprediction, SwissADME, and Toxtree. All compounds in lime were most active against the target protein PPARγ with an average value of -78.0092, while the positive control value of thiazolidinediones was -90.3393. The highest inhibitory affinity of the compound contained in lime was hesperidin with the target protein DPP-4 of -113.614, higher than the positive control sitagliptin with an inhibitory affinity value of -107.591. Hesperidin absorption in the digestive tract is low, the topology polar surface area (TPSA) value is 234.29Å2, and low polarity and high lipophilicity. There are unexpected heterocyclic compounds, so it becomes a warning against the potential for genotoxic carcinogenicity, namely oxygen element \"o\".","PeriodicalId":106715,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114423341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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