Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.22034/CRL.2021.272598.1102
D. Arthur, Yakubu Ameenu, Florence Peter, A. Aroh, Chidinma Chinelo Arthur
The concentrations of heavy metals namely; chromium, cadmium, lead and nickel (Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni) were determined from twelve samples of rice(ORYZA SATIVA) , the samples comprises of six foreign samples and six local samples collected from different markets within Funtua Local Government Area in 2019. The samples were digested in aqua region and the level of heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer AA500FS Model. Concentrations of the heavy metals in the rice samples were in the order Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. The highest concentration of cadmium was detected in LR1(0.620mg/kg) and LR5(0.626mg/kg) while the lowest was detected in FR5(0.058mg/kg). The lowest concentration of nickel was detected in in FR6(0.060mg/kg) and LR2(0.090mg/kg) while the highest was detected in LR3(0.910mg/kg) and LR4(0.750mg/kg). The highest concentration of lead was detected in FR6(0.650mg/kg) and LR1(0.580mg/kg) while the lowest was detected in LR2(0.199mg/kg) and LR5(0.212mg/kg). The highest concentration of chromium was detected in LR1(0.840mg/kg), LR4(0.840mg/kg) and FR5(0.760mg/kg) while the lowest was detected in LR6(0.050mg/kg) and FR2(0.080mg/kg). The analysis shows that chromium, nickel, and lead concentrations that accumulated almost all the rice samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits prescribed by the World Health Organization guideline as well as the Food And Agricultural Organization standard. Cadmium concentrations were found in almost all the samples to conform with the standards. The higher levels of heavy metals accumulated by the samples may be attributed to the increase in agricultural activities such as the application of phosphate fertilizer, sewage sludge disposal and other anthropogenic activities which deserve further investigations.
重金属的浓度，即;从12份水稻(ORYZA SATIVA)样品中测定了铬、镉、铅和镍(Cr、Cd、Pb和Ni)，样品包括2019年在富图阿地方政府区域内不同市场采集的6份外国样品和6份本地样品。样品在水区消化，用原子吸收分光光度计测定重金属含量。水稻样品中重金属含量依次为Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd，其中LR1和LR5镉含量最高(0.620mg/kg)， LR5镉含量最低(0.058mg/kg)。镍含量最低的是FR6(0.060mg/kg)和LR2(0.090mg/kg)，最高的是LR3(0.910mg/kg)和LR4(0.750mg/kg)。FR6和LR1的铅浓度最高，分别为0.650mg/kg和0.580mg/kg, LR2和LR5的铅浓度最低，分别为0.199mg/kg和0.212mg/kg。铬浓度最高的是LR1(0.840mg/kg)、LR4(0.840mg/kg)和FR5(0.760mg/kg)，最低的是LR6(0.050mg/kg)和FR2(0.080mg/kg)。分析结果显示，几乎所有大米样品中铬、镍、铅的含量都超过了世界卫生组织(who)标准和联合国粮食及农业组织(fao)标准规定的最大允许限量。几乎所有样品的镉含量都符合标准。样品中积累的较高重金属水平可能是由于农业活动的增加，如磷肥的施用、污水污泥的处置和其他值得进一步调查的人为活动。
{"title":"An Assessment to Determine the Level of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Rice (Oryza Sativa) Consumed Within Funtua Metropolis","authors":"D. Arthur, Yakubu Ameenu, Florence Peter, A. Aroh, Chidinma Chinelo Arthur","doi":"10.22034/CRL.2021.272598.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/CRL.2021.272598.1102","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of heavy metals namely; chromium, cadmium, lead and nickel (Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni) were determined from twelve samples of rice(ORYZA SATIVA) , the samples comprises of six foreign samples and six local samples collected from different markets within Funtua Local Government Area in 2019. The samples were digested in aqua region and the level of heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer AA500FS Model. Concentrations of the heavy metals in the rice samples were in the order Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. The highest concentration of cadmium was detected in LR1(0.620mg/kg) and LR5(0.626mg/kg) while the lowest was detected in FR5(0.058mg/kg). The lowest concentration of nickel was detected in in FR6(0.060mg/kg) and LR2(0.090mg/kg) while the highest was detected in LR3(0.910mg/kg) and LR4(0.750mg/kg). The highest concentration of lead was detected in FR6(0.650mg/kg) and LR1(0.580mg/kg) while the lowest was detected in LR2(0.199mg/kg) and LR5(0.212mg/kg). The highest concentration of chromium was detected in LR1(0.840mg/kg), LR4(0.840mg/kg) and FR5(0.760mg/kg) while the lowest was detected in LR6(0.050mg/kg) and FR2(0.080mg/kg). The analysis shows that chromium, nickel, and lead concentrations that accumulated almost all the rice samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits prescribed by the World Health Organization guideline as well as the Food And Agricultural Organization standard. Cadmium concentrations were found in almost all the samples to conform with the standards. The higher levels of heavy metals accumulated by the samples may be attributed to the increase in agricultural activities such as the application of phosphate fertilizer, sewage sludge disposal and other anthropogenic activities which deserve further investigations.","PeriodicalId":10686,"journal":{"name":"College & Research Libraries","volume":"5 1","pages":"164-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84453296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.22034/CRL.2021.262806.1098
M. Bouachrine, Larbi Elmchichi, A. E. Aissouq, A. Belhassan, H. Zaki, A. Ouammou, T. Lakhlifi
Studies and scientific research indicate that the platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a major pro-inflammatory mediator in the initiation and development of cancer. There is also evidence confirming that PAF is an integral part of suppressing the immune system and promoting the appearance of a malignant tumor. For this reason, it is useful to analyze the molecular docking data of eleven flavonoids derivatives isolated from the active leaf extracted from chromolaena odorata with their anti-PAF activity. As a result, it is evident that the natural product of flavonoids may have a positive effect in the development of both therapeutic and preventive agents for platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist and suggests potential guidelines for the design of PAF inhibitors. Based on the docking score analysis, drug likeness study, and ADMET prediction. We found that six compounds respect all drug-likeness rules and can be used as a potent molecule for inhibition of platelet activating factor (PAF).
{"title":"Molecular Docking, Drug likeness Studies and ADMET prediction of Flavonoids as Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Receptor Binding","authors":"M. Bouachrine, Larbi Elmchichi, A. E. Aissouq, A. Belhassan, H. Zaki, A. Ouammou, T. Lakhlifi","doi":"10.22034/CRL.2021.262806.1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/CRL.2021.262806.1098","url":null,"abstract":"Studies and scientific research indicate that the platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a major pro-inflammatory mediator in the initiation and development of cancer. There is also evidence confirming that PAF is an integral part of suppressing the immune system and promoting the appearance of a malignant tumor. For this reason, it is useful to analyze the molecular docking data of eleven flavonoids derivatives isolated from the active leaf extracted from chromolaena odorata with their anti-PAF activity. As a result, it is evident that the natural product of flavonoids may have a positive effect in the development of both therapeutic and preventive agents for platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist and suggests potential guidelines for the design of PAF inhibitors. Based on the docking score analysis, drug likeness study, and ADMET prediction. We found that six compounds respect all drug-likeness rules and can be used as a potent molecule for inhibition of platelet activating factor (PAF).","PeriodicalId":10686,"journal":{"name":"College & Research Libraries","volume":"26 1","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89212704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.22034/CRL.2021.290865.1111
M. Afshar, R. R. Khojasteh, R. Ahmadi, M. N. Moghaddam
The present study aimed to assess the adsorption of Lomustin on the single-walled Boron Nitride nanotube which has been examined using Density Functional Theory (DFT), agent in a solvent phase (water) at the B3LYP/6-31G (d) theoretical level. Initially, the structures of Lomustin, Boron Nitride nanotube, and Lomustin complexes with Boron Nitride nanotubes were designed in Gauss View in three different conformers and were optimized geometrically, on which IR and frontier molecular orbital computations were carried out. Adsorption energy values, Gibbs free energy changes (ΔGad), adsorption enthalpy changes (ΔHad), and equilibrium thermodynamic constants were estimated. The results showed that adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic and non-equilibrium. The values of specific heat capacity and adsorption enthalpy indicate that this nanostructure can be used to build new thermal sensors to measure Lomustin. The results of molecule orbitals estimations showed that energy gap, after drug absorption on the nanotube surface, decreased significantly and the values of chemical hardness and dipole moment were studied after the interaction of drug with adsorbent and the results showed that drug solubility and reactivity, after adsorption on Boron Nitride nanotubes, increased significantly. According to the obtained results for adsorption of Lomustin, this nanostructure can be used as a sensing material in building new electrochemical sensors to measure this drug.
{"title":"In Silico Adsorption of Lomustin anticancer drug on the surface of Boron Nitride nanotube","authors":"M. Afshar, R. R. Khojasteh, R. Ahmadi, M. N. Moghaddam","doi":"10.22034/CRL.2021.290865.1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/CRL.2021.290865.1111","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to assess the adsorption of Lomustin on the single-walled Boron Nitride nanotube which has been examined using Density Functional Theory (DFT), agent in a solvent phase (water) at the B3LYP/6-31G (d) theoretical level. Initially, the structures of Lomustin, Boron Nitride nanotube, and Lomustin complexes with Boron Nitride nanotubes were designed in Gauss View in three different conformers and were optimized geometrically, on which IR and frontier molecular orbital computations were carried out. Adsorption energy values, Gibbs free energy changes (ΔGad), adsorption enthalpy changes (ΔHad), and equilibrium thermodynamic constants were estimated. The results showed that adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic and non-equilibrium. The values of specific heat capacity and adsorption enthalpy indicate that this nanostructure can be used to build new thermal sensors to measure Lomustin. The results of molecule orbitals estimations showed that energy gap, after drug absorption on the nanotube surface, decreased significantly and the values of chemical hardness and dipole moment were studied after the interaction of drug with adsorbent and the results showed that drug solubility and reactivity, after adsorption on Boron Nitride nanotubes, increased significantly. According to the obtained results for adsorption of Lomustin, this nanostructure can be used as a sensing material in building new electrochemical sensors to measure this drug.","PeriodicalId":10686,"journal":{"name":"College & Research Libraries","volume":"4 1","pages":"178-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88729114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.22034/CRL.2021.278900.1107
C. Gill, Makrand V. Kulkarni, C. Jadhav, Amol S. Nipate, Bhausaheb K. Magar
An environmentally benign, simple, and efficient procedure has been developed for the construct of some symmetrical dispiroheterocycles derivatives by the reaction of the variety of 6-amino-2-thiouracil/6-aminouracil /2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, isatins and p-toluidine in the presence of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br) as a solvent as well as catalyst at room temperature. In this study, a variety of bis-spiro-indoline-chromenes, pyranopyranes, imidazo-pyridines, pyrido-pyrimidines and pyridines were obtained with excellent yields within short reaction time and without chromatographic separation. Furthermore, the green catalytic system can be recycled specific times with no decreases in yields and reaction rates.
{"title":"Efficient and environmentally sustainable domino protocol for the synthesis of diversified dispiroheterocycles using 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [bmim]Br","authors":"C. Gill, Makrand V. Kulkarni, C. Jadhav, Amol S. Nipate, Bhausaheb K. Magar","doi":"10.22034/CRL.2021.278900.1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/CRL.2021.278900.1107","url":null,"abstract":"An environmentally benign, simple, and efficient procedure has been developed for the construct of some symmetrical dispiroheterocycles derivatives by the reaction of the variety of 6-amino-2-thiouracil/6-aminouracil /2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, isatins and p-toluidine in the presence of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br) as a solvent as well as catalyst at room temperature. In this study, a variety of bis-spiro-indoline-chromenes, pyranopyranes, imidazo-pyridines, pyrido-pyrimidines and pyridines were obtained with excellent yields within short reaction time and without chromatographic separation. Furthermore, the green catalytic system can be recycled specific times with no decreases in yields and reaction rates.","PeriodicalId":10686,"journal":{"name":"College & Research Libraries","volume":"9 1","pages":"153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84319323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.22034/CRL.2021.254804.1088
E. Edache, Uzairu Adamu, P. Mamza, Gideon Adamu Shallangwa
In the Gram-negative pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Chlamydia, the aggregate use of molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, and ADMET was successfully used to develop salicylidene acyl hydrazides as type III secretion (T3S) inhibitors. The molecular docking analysis was carried out on CMP's simulated protein, which helped to correlate amino acid associations with the ligand. The review of molecular dynamics simulations showed that the CMP protein A-chain was stable at and above 100ps concerning temperature, total energy, and kinetic energy. Virtual screening was performed to distinguish the new inhibitors depending on pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking. Based on the Rerank score fitness feature, ten top-ranked compounds were discovered. In keeping with the reference ranges, ADME tests were carried out on compounds retrieved from simulated sampling. For our further drug design, all the findings will give us more useful evidence.
{"title":"Docking Simulations and Virtual Screening to find Novel Ligands for T3S in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis YPIII, A drug target for type III secretion (T3S) in the Gram-negative pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis","authors":"E. Edache, Uzairu Adamu, P. Mamza, Gideon Adamu Shallangwa","doi":"10.22034/CRL.2021.254804.1088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/CRL.2021.254804.1088","url":null,"abstract":"In the Gram-negative pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Chlamydia, the aggregate use of molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, and ADMET was successfully used to develop salicylidene acyl hydrazides as type III secretion (T3S) inhibitors. The molecular docking analysis was carried out on CMP's simulated protein, which helped to correlate amino acid associations with the ligand. The review of molecular dynamics simulations showed that the CMP protein A-chain was stable at and above 100ps concerning temperature, total energy, and kinetic energy. Virtual screening was performed to distinguish the new inhibitors depending on pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking. Based on the Rerank score fitness feature, ten top-ranked compounds were discovered. In keeping with the reference ranges, ADME tests were carried out on compounds retrieved from simulated sampling. For our further drug design, all the findings will give us more useful evidence.","PeriodicalId":10686,"journal":{"name":"College & Research Libraries","volume":"28 1","pages":"130-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78183808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22034/CRL.2021.272418.1101
Krystian Leski, Gabriela Berkowicz-Płatek
This article presents a mini-review of the literature on the laboratory scale pyrolysis of selected plastic waste. Among the various types of polymer materials polyolefins (PE and PP), as well as polystyrene (PS), polyoxymethylene (POM), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), were selected. The paper highlights valuable compounds and chemical raw materials can be obtained by pyrolyzing the waste polymers.
{"title":"Pyrolysis of plastic wastes as a way of obtaining valuable chemical raw materials (n1)","authors":"Krystian Leski, Gabriela Berkowicz-Płatek","doi":"10.22034/CRL.2021.272418.1101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/CRL.2021.272418.1101","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a mini-review of the literature on the laboratory scale pyrolysis of selected plastic waste. Among the various types of polymer materials polyolefins (PE and PP), as well as polystyrene (PS), polyoxymethylene (POM), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), were selected. The paper highlights valuable compounds and chemical raw materials can be obtained by pyrolyzing the waste polymers.","PeriodicalId":10686,"journal":{"name":"College & Research Libraries","volume":"591 1","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87287331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22034/CRL.2021.248725.1079
S. Ejeh, A. Uzairu, G. Shallangwa, S. Abechi
In this study, we developed a QSAR model for studying the antiviral activity of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles derivatives on hepatitis C virus infected in human HuH-7 cell lines. We employed random analysis to split the data sets. Statistically robust model was generated with R2, Q2 and R2pred values of 0.777, 0.731 and 0.774 respectively. The reliability of this model was confirmed by acceptable validation parameters, and this model also fulfilled the Golbraikh and Tropsha standard model conditions. Through the evaluation of selected molecular descriptors we observed that, topological charge index of order 4 (GGI4), mean topological charge index of order 1 (JGI1), octanol water partition coefficient (XlogP), 3D topological distance based autocorrelation lag5/weighted by polarizabilities (TDB5p) and total molecular surface area (FPSA-2) are the molecular properties determining biological activities of the study compounds, which shed light on the vital features that aid in the design of unique potent hepatitis C virus entry inhibitors using computer-aided drug design tools.
{"title":"Computational techniques in designing a series of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles as unique hepatitis C virus entry inhibitors","authors":"S. Ejeh, A. Uzairu, G. Shallangwa, S. Abechi","doi":"10.22034/CRL.2021.248725.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/CRL.2021.248725.1079","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we developed a QSAR model for studying the antiviral activity of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles derivatives on hepatitis C virus infected in human HuH-7 cell lines. We employed random analysis to split the data sets. Statistically robust model was generated with R2, Q2 and R2pred values of 0.777, 0.731 and 0.774 respectively. The reliability of this model was confirmed by acceptable validation parameters, and this model also fulfilled the Golbraikh and Tropsha standard model conditions. Through the evaluation of selected molecular descriptors we observed that, topological charge index of order 4 (GGI4), mean topological charge index of order 1 (JGI1), octanol water partition coefficient (XlogP), 3D topological distance based autocorrelation lag5/weighted by polarizabilities (TDB5p) and total molecular surface area (FPSA-2) are the molecular properties determining biological activities of the study compounds, which shed light on the vital features that aid in the design of unique potent hepatitis C virus entry inhibitors using computer-aided drug design tools.","PeriodicalId":10686,"journal":{"name":"College & Research Libraries","volume":"131 1","pages":"108-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85612973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22034/CRL.2021.253739.1086
S. Amiri, M. R. Bari, M. A. Khaledabad, R. Mokarram, M. S. Khiabani
In this study, the effects of initial pH (5 − 7), temperature (30 − 38 ◦C) and incubation time (12 − 48 h), as well as yeast extract and free linoleic acid concentrations, respectively (0 – 4 %) and (0 − 400 µL), on the co-production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and bacteriocins (BACs) by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12 and their biomass in cheese whey and milk permeate were evaluated. The results showed that biomass, CLA, EPSs and BACs activity ranged Log 0.80 - Log 8.67 g.L-1, 3.08-107.95 µg.mL-1, 107.75-351.92 mg.L-1 and 9.29-14.62 mm, respectively. Yeast extract concentration was the only factor with the positive significant effect on biomass and parabiotic metabolites i.e. its increasing caused to an increase in both of them (p <0.05). The temperature significantly affected the production of biomass and CLA; its increasing resulted in increasing both (p <0.05). The initial pH had significant, but different, effects on EPSs and BACs production (p <0.05) i.e. EPSs and BACs production decreased and increased, respectively, as a result of increased initial pH. Increasing free linoleic acid concentration from 0 up to 400 µL led to increased CLA biosynthesis. Higher biomass, EPSs and BACs are produced in cheese whey, compared with milk permeate, but CLA produced in milk permeate was higher than that obtained in cheese whey. B. animalis BB12 produced more biomass, CLA and EPSs in comparison to L. acidophilus LA5. However, these probiotics had no statistical difference in terms of producing BACs. This work successfully demonstrated the co-production potential of CLA, EPSs and BACs by two commercial probiotics in dairy effluents.
{"title":"Co-production of parabiotic metabolites by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12 in dairy effluents","authors":"S. Amiri, M. R. Bari, M. A. Khaledabad, R. Mokarram, M. S. Khiabani","doi":"10.22034/CRL.2021.253739.1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/CRL.2021.253739.1086","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of initial pH (5 − 7), temperature (30 − 38 ◦C) and incubation time (12 − 48 h), as well as yeast extract and free linoleic acid concentrations, respectively (0 – 4 %) and (0 − 400 µL), on the co-production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and bacteriocins (BACs) by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12 and their biomass in cheese whey and milk permeate were evaluated. The results showed that biomass, CLA, EPSs and BACs activity ranged Log 0.80 - Log 8.67 g.L-1, 3.08-107.95 µg.mL-1, 107.75-351.92 mg.L-1 and 9.29-14.62 mm, respectively. Yeast extract concentration was the only factor with the positive significant effect on biomass and parabiotic metabolites i.e. its increasing caused to an increase in both of them (p <0.05). The temperature significantly affected the production of biomass and CLA; its increasing resulted in increasing both (p <0.05). The initial pH had significant, but different, effects on EPSs and BACs production (p <0.05) i.e. EPSs and BACs production decreased and increased, respectively, as a result of increased initial pH. Increasing free linoleic acid concentration from 0 up to 400 µL led to increased CLA biosynthesis. Higher biomass, EPSs and BACs are produced in cheese whey, compared with milk permeate, but CLA produced in milk permeate was higher than that obtained in cheese whey. B. animalis BB12 produced more biomass, CLA and EPSs in comparison to L. acidophilus LA5. However, these probiotics had no statistical difference in terms of producing BACs. This work successfully demonstrated the co-production potential of CLA, EPSs and BACs by two commercial probiotics in dairy effluents.","PeriodicalId":10686,"journal":{"name":"College & Research Libraries","volume":"1 1","pages":"66-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90770625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22034/CRL.2021.242652.1076
D. Arthur, J. N. Akoji, Greatman C. Okafor, K. Abdullahi, A. Samira, Abdullahi, C. Mgbemena, A. Aroh, E. Uwaiya, Danzarami Amagai, Danlami
In this study some mechanical properties of PVC-Wood fibre composite were investigated. The wood fibre was gotten from a mahogany tree. The sample was moulded and shaped at a temperature of 150oC using a hadraulic hot press and pressure of 3bar for 5mins and the mechanical properties were studied base on varying the wood fibre contents from 0% to 50%. The hardness test carried out using the durometer hardness tester show a decrease in the hardness of the composite as the wood fibre is varied from 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% 40% and 50% and the impact strength of the composite decreases as well in that order. The tensile strength conducted using the Mensato Tensometer show a decrease at 10% wood fibre, while an increase in the wood fibre to 20% show an increase in the tensile strength on further addition of the wood fibre a decrease is noticed. This decrease in tensile strength decreases the strain of the PVC-wood fibre composite and hence increasing the modulus of elasticity of the PVC-wood fibre composite as the wood fibre is been added.
{"title":"Studies on Some Mechanical Properties of PVC-Wood Fiber Composite","authors":"D. Arthur, J. N. Akoji, Greatman C. Okafor, K. Abdullahi, A. Samira, Abdullahi, C. Mgbemena, A. Aroh, E. Uwaiya, Danzarami Amagai, Danlami","doi":"10.22034/CRL.2021.242652.1076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/CRL.2021.242652.1076","url":null,"abstract":"In this study some mechanical properties of PVC-Wood fibre composite were investigated. The wood fibre was gotten from a mahogany tree. The sample was moulded and shaped at a temperature of 150oC using a hadraulic hot press and pressure of 3bar for 5mins and the mechanical properties were studied base on varying the wood fibre contents from 0% to 50%. The hardness test carried out using the durometer hardness tester show a decrease in the hardness of the composite as the wood fibre is varied from 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% 40% and 50% and the impact strength of the composite decreases as well in that order. The tensile strength conducted using the Mensato Tensometer show a decrease at 10% wood fibre, while an increase in the wood fibre to 20% show an increase in the tensile strength on further addition of the wood fibre a decrease is noticed. This decrease in tensile strength decreases the strain of the PVC-wood fibre composite and hence increasing the modulus of elasticity of the PVC-wood fibre composite as the wood fibre is been added.","PeriodicalId":10686,"journal":{"name":"College & Research Libraries","volume":"16 1","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87306779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22034/CRL.2021.262754.1097
Amir Ullah, Sufian Rasheed, Irfan Ali, N. Ullah
In this work, environmentally friendly and cheap method for the synthesis of CdS nanoparticles for the first time using extract of Dicliptera Roxburghiana is presented. The present method is found to be reproducible and rapid. Structural analysis is carried out by UV-visible, FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM. XRD and TEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles have spherical shape and size in the range of 2.5-8nm. FTIR studies showed the presence of functional groups which belong to the phytochemicals of plant extract that surrounds the nanoparticle preventing them from agglomeration. Thus the prepared CdS NPs exhibit excellent stability even after 2 months. The optical band gap was calculated using Tauc Plot i.e. 3.31 eV. Their activity as photocatalysts against an aqueous solution of methylene blue degradation under solar irradiation in a comparative manner is also reported and the particle has a % degradation of 87.12% in just 120 minutes under solar light irradiation.
{"title":"Plant Mediated Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles, their characterization and application for photocatalytic degradation of toxic organic dye","authors":"Amir Ullah, Sufian Rasheed, Irfan Ali, N. Ullah","doi":"10.22034/CRL.2021.262754.1097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/CRL.2021.262754.1097","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, environmentally friendly and cheap method for the synthesis of CdS nanoparticles for the first time using extract of Dicliptera Roxburghiana is presented. The present method is found to be reproducible and rapid. Structural analysis is carried out by UV-visible, FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM. XRD and TEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles have spherical shape and size in the range of 2.5-8nm. FTIR studies showed the presence of functional groups which belong to the phytochemicals of plant extract that surrounds the nanoparticle preventing them from agglomeration. Thus the prepared CdS NPs exhibit excellent stability even after 2 months. The optical band gap was calculated using Tauc Plot i.e. 3.31 eV. Their activity as photocatalysts against an aqueous solution of methylene blue degradation under solar irradiation in a comparative manner is also reported and the particle has a % degradation of 87.12% in just 120 minutes under solar light irradiation.","PeriodicalId":10686,"journal":{"name":"College & Research Libraries","volume":"32 1","pages":"98-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74251949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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