Clinical Nuclear Medicine最新文献

Abstract: 68 Ga-labeled DOTA-ibandronic acid ( 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA) is a novel PET agent developed for bone tumors. In addition, 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA uptake in nonosseous findings has also been reported. Herein, we present a case of 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA uptake in primary prostate adenocarcinoma.

Abstract: Renal artery stenosis can result in renovascular hypertension and ischemic nephropathy. We describe FDG PET/CT and delayed abdominal FDG PET/MRI findings in a kidney associated with severe renal artery stenosis resulting from renal artery invasion in retroperitoneal alveolar echinococcosis. The renal parenchyma showed diffusely increased activity on both FDG PET/CT and delayed FDG PET/MRI. There was no activity in the renal collecting system on FDG PET/CT and focal urine activity in the renal calyces on delayed FDG PET/MRI. This case indicates that renal artery stenosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of diffuse renal parenchymal FDG uptake.

Background: The clinical effects of β-amyloid positivity (Aβ+) on copathologies in various dementias remain relatively underexamined. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and clinical effects of Aβ+ in subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Patients and methods: We enrolled SVCI (n = 583), FTD (n = 152), and cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants (n = 1,249) who underwent Aβ PET scans. The odds of having Aβ+ were subsequently compared among the diagnostic groups (CU, SVCI, and FTD) according to age and apolipoprotein E genotype. Additionally, a linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate the effects of Aβ+ on cognitive trajectories in SVCI and FTD.

Results: Compared with CU, the SVCI group had a higher prevalence of Aβ+ in the 75 to 90 years age group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-2.85; P < 0.001), as well as within the apolipoprotein E ε3/ε3 group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-2.63; P = 0.001), whereas the FTD group showed no difference in Aβ+ prevalence. Aβ+ was associated with a worse cognitive trajectory in SVCI (adjusted β-coefficient = -0.6424; P < 0.001), but not in FTD.

Conclusions: These findings contribute to our understanding of Aβ biomarker traits in various dementias in Korea.

Abstract: Esophageal schwannoma is very rare. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of benign esophageal schwannoma. Endoscopic ultrasound showed the tumor was located in the muscular layer of the esophagus. FDG PET/CT showed intense FDG uptake with SUV max of 10 of the tumor mimicking malignancy. This case indicates that schwannoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of esophageal FDG-avid lesions.

Abstract: Extramedullary disease represents an aggressive form of multiple myeloma occurring outside the skeleton and is a poor prognostic indicator. Extramedullary disease most commonly involves the skin, muscle, pleura, lymph nodes, liver, and central nervous system. Infrequently, extramedullary disease can involve the kidneys or perirenal space. We present 3 cases of perirenal involvement of extramedullary disease on 18 F-FDG PET/CT confirmed with tissue sampling as plasma cell infiltration. Within the limitation of physiologic activity in the kidneys due to 18 F-FDG excretion, close consideration is essential when evaluating multiple myeloma patients for genitourinary involvement as it can resemble other malignancies, hemorrhage, or renal injury.

Abstract: We report the case of an 88-year-old man recently diagnosed with prostate cancer. The patient underwent a 68 Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen-11 PET/CT for staging assessment. This examination revealed intense and expected uptake in the primary prostate cancer, widespread metastatic involvement including typical adenopathy and bone metastasis, and a less common pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Most notably, we discovered a rare intrapericardial metastasis, which is an atypical site for metastasis in general and particularly for prostate adenocarcinoma.

Abstract: Here is a case of chyle leak post McKeown esophagectomy. Lymphoscintigraphy with 99m Tc-filtered sulfur colloid revealed tracer accumulation along the thoracic duct and in the left hemithorax. Precise localization of leak was done by SPECT-CT imaging. This enabled timely surgical intervention and reduced further morbidity. This procedure is not only precise but also cost-effective as compared with the other available investigations.

Abstract: A 57-year-old man with primary aldosteronism exhibited multiple nodules in the left adrenal, pancreatic tail, and splenic region. The left adrenal nodule showed positive 68 Ga-pentixafor and negative 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake, suggesting an aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma. The nodule in the pancreatic tail exhibited high 68 Ga-pentixafor and low 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake, similarity with the nodule in splenic region, indicating accessory splenic nodule. Postoperative pathology confirmed an adrenal cortical adenoma and an accessory splenic nodule in the pancreas. This case underscores the complementary role of 68 Ga-pentixafor and 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR in diagnosing complex adrenal and pancreatic pathologies.

Abstract: 18 F-labeled THK5351 PET can visualize ongoing astrogliosis by estimating monoamine oxidase B levels and can be used as a neuroinflammation marker for identifying inflammatory lesions by imaging astrogliosis. Assessment of its performance is of interest, especially when compared with conventional MRI. Here, we present 2 cases of neurosyphilis, in which 18 F-THK5351 PET identified inflammatory lesions by imaging astrogliosis, whereas MRI had difficulty detecting the lesions. Hence, this study suggests that 18 F-THK5351 PET is superior to conventional MRI in identifying inflammatory lesions and that this feature of 18 F-THK5351 can provide insights into the pathophysiology of neurosyphilis in living patients.

Abstract: A 54-year-old man presented with left lower quadrant pain. CT showed no cause for his pain but identified an incidental 2.0-cm enhancing lesion in the pancreatic tail. On MRI, this lesion was hyperenhancing and diffusion-restricting, suspicious for a neuroendocrine tumor. However, EUS-guided biopsy yielded only benign pancreatic tissue. Due to this discordance, 64 Cu-DOTATATE PET/CT was performed. The pancreatic tail lesion was tracer-avid, suggesting a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. Based on the PET findings, the patient underwent distal pancreatectomy. Surgical pathology revealed only focal chronic pancreatitis with islet aggregation, a previously undescribed mimic of neuroendocrine tumor on DOTATATE PET/CT.