Pseudojuloides pluto, new species, is described on the basis of the holotype and 11 paratypes from Wake Island, northeastern Micronesia, and nine paratypes from the Maug Islands, Northern Mariana Islands. The new species has previously been confused with Pseudojuloides atavai, but molecular analysis of mitochondrial COI reveals a difference of 6.8% in sequence data between both species, in addition to differences in meristic, morphometric, and coloration details. A second new species, Pseudojuloides proserpina, is described from Fatu Hiva, Marquesan Islands on the basis of the male holotype. The two new species are closely allied to Pseudojuloides atavai, and together form a species complex that differs from other members of the genus in having males that share the following combination of characters: interspinous membrane between the anterior two to three spines of the dorsal fin with a black spot; head extensively reticulate (reduced in P. pluto, new species); dorsal-fin base with a pink stripe; abdominal region behind pectoral and pelvic fins pale lilac to orangey pink (width of this region dependent on species) with a crosshatch or honeycomb pattern; and extensive black coloration over at least posterior half of body. Additionally, females of both P. atavai and P. pluto, new species, are distinctly bicolored (versus unicolored and suffused in all other congeneric species). Although the female form of P. proserpina, new species, is not known, it is likely that it shares this general coloration pattern, which may serve as an additional character uniting members of the Pseudojuloides atavai complex. We briefly discuss the phylogenetic relationships of Pseudojuloides inferred on the basis of mitochondrial DNA.
{"title":"Two New Species of Pencil Wrasses (Teleostei: Labridae: Pseudojuloides) from Micronesia and the Marquesan Islands","authors":"Yi-Kai Tea, Brian D. Greene, J. Earle, A. C. Gill","doi":"10.1643/CI-19-327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-19-327","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudojuloides pluto, new species, is described on the basis of the holotype and 11 paratypes from Wake Island, northeastern Micronesia, and nine paratypes from the Maug Islands, Northern Mariana Islands. The new species has previously been confused with Pseudojuloides atavai, but molecular analysis of mitochondrial COI reveals a difference of 6.8% in sequence data between both species, in addition to differences in meristic, morphometric, and coloration details. A second new species, Pseudojuloides proserpina, is described from Fatu Hiva, Marquesan Islands on the basis of the male holotype. The two new species are closely allied to Pseudojuloides atavai, and together form a species complex that differs from other members of the genus in having males that share the following combination of characters: interspinous membrane between the anterior two to three spines of the dorsal fin with a black spot; head extensively reticulate (reduced in P. pluto, new species); dorsal-fin base with a pink stripe; abdominal region behind pectoral and pelvic fins pale lilac to orangey pink (width of this region dependent on species) with a crosshatch or honeycomb pattern; and extensive black coloration over at least posterior half of body. Additionally, females of both P. atavai and P. pluto, new species, are distinctly bicolored (versus unicolored and suffused in all other congeneric species). Although the female form of P. proserpina, new species, is not known, it is likely that it shares this general coloration pattern, which may serve as an additional character uniting members of the Pseudojuloides atavai complex. We briefly discuss the phylogenetic relationships of Pseudojuloides inferred on the basis of mitochondrial DNA.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48241146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Rueda-Solano, J. L. Pérez-González, M. Rivera-Correa, F. Vargas-Salinas
The acoustic signals in Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae), a Neotropical genus currently composed of 97 species, are poorly known. In this study, we describe for the first time, the advertisement, release, and agonistic calls of Atelopus laetissimus, an endangered species endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in northern Colombia. The calling behavior of males was associated with reproduction (advertisement calls) and male–male aggression (agonistic and release calls). We also describe, for the first time, calls from female A. laetissimus, constituting the first case of a female's vocalization in the genus, recorded while one male was trying to clasp her. The diverse acoustic signals described here for Atelopus laetissimus suggest the vocal repertoire in the genus Atelopus may be more complex than is currently realized.
{"title":"Acoustic Signal Diversity in the Harlequin Toad Atelopus laetissimus (Anura: Bufonidae)","authors":"L. A. Rueda-Solano, J. L. Pérez-González, M. Rivera-Correa, F. Vargas-Salinas","doi":"10.1643/CE-19-251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-19-251","url":null,"abstract":"The acoustic signals in Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae), a Neotropical genus currently composed of 97 species, are poorly known. In this study, we describe for the first time, the advertisement, release, and agonistic calls of Atelopus laetissimus, an endangered species endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in northern Colombia. The calling behavior of males was associated with reproduction (advertisement calls) and male–male aggression (agonistic and release calls). We also describe, for the first time, calls from female A. laetissimus, constituting the first case of a female's vocalization in the genus, recorded while one male was trying to clasp her. The diverse acoustic signals described here for Atelopus laetissimus suggest the vocal repertoire in the genus Atelopus may be more complex than is currently realized.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41970767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Siegel, Cody L. Long, J. Waltz, Shelby A. Wren, K. Pereira, Sara J McClelland, Christopher M. Murray, D. Sever
Gladwyn Kingsley Noble was the first investigator to collectively examine courtship glands and correlate their function to the tail-straddling walk in plethodontid salamanders. While mental glands and caudal courtship glands have received the majority of attention since Noble's seminal work, Noble described other glands from Eurycea bislineata that were putatively involved in courtship that have received little or no attention (e.g., glands at the temporal regions of the heads of males). Previous studies demonstrated that heads of males enlarge during the mating season and some studies indicated that the enlargement was because of Noble's previously described temporal glands; however, current consensus of male head enlargement is that skeletal muscle hypertrophy is the cause of the head growth. In this study, we examined male and female E. bislineata throughout the year to test Noble's hypothesis that males possess courtship glands in the integument of the temporal regions of their heads and to assess what underlying tissues are involved with male head enlargement during mating. We found that the temporal regions of male heads change dramatically from non-mating to mating months, exemplified by two-dimensional geometric morphometrics. This variation is a result of M. levator mandibulae externus hypertrophy rather than glandular activity underlying the integument. Although no glandular masses isolated at the temporal regions of the heads result in this dynamic shape change, simple alveolar glands that resemble stereotypical courtship glands are found in the integument of only males from the mating season. These putative courtship glands are scattered amongst mucous and serous glands within the integument around the eyelids to at least the posterior termination of the cranium. The function of these glands is unknown but is probably involved with pheromone production, similar to more thoroughly examined courtship glands.
{"title":"Sexually Dimorphic Heads of Eurycea bislineata","authors":"D. Siegel, Cody L. Long, J. Waltz, Shelby A. Wren, K. Pereira, Sara J McClelland, Christopher M. Murray, D. Sever","doi":"10.1643/CH2020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CH2020014","url":null,"abstract":"Gladwyn Kingsley Noble was the first investigator to collectively examine courtship glands and correlate their function to the tail-straddling walk in plethodontid salamanders. While mental glands and caudal courtship glands have received the majority of attention since Noble's seminal work, Noble described other glands from Eurycea bislineata that were putatively involved in courtship that have received little or no attention (e.g., glands at the temporal regions of the heads of males). Previous studies demonstrated that heads of males enlarge during the mating season and some studies indicated that the enlargement was because of Noble's previously described temporal glands; however, current consensus of male head enlargement is that skeletal muscle hypertrophy is the cause of the head growth. In this study, we examined male and female E. bislineata throughout the year to test Noble's hypothesis that males possess courtship glands in the integument of the temporal regions of their heads and to assess what underlying tissues are involved with male head enlargement during mating. We found that the temporal regions of male heads change dramatically from non-mating to mating months, exemplified by two-dimensional geometric morphometrics. This variation is a result of M. levator mandibulae externus hypertrophy rather than glandular activity underlying the integument. Although no glandular masses isolated at the temporal regions of the heads result in this dynamic shape change, simple alveolar glands that resemble stereotypical courtship glands are found in the integument of only males from the mating season. These putative courtship glands are scattered amongst mucous and serous glands within the integument around the eyelids to at least the posterior termination of the cranium. The function of these glands is unknown but is probably involved with pheromone production, similar to more thoroughly examined courtship glands.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41983317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assembled here is a reasonably complete list of annotated codes for historical and modern natural history collections associated with lost and extant specimens of fossil and Recent fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. A total of 3,845 codes are anchored to about 2,064 distinct collections and/or institutions in 155 countries. At least 633 of those collections are exclusively paleontological or include fossil specimens. The list is primarily derived from the scientific literature and may serve as a resource for plainly citing specimens in publications and for linking such citations to records in online databases.
{"title":"Codes for Natural History Collections in Ichthyology and Herpetology","authors":"M. Sabaj","doi":"10.1643/asihcodons2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/asihcodons2020","url":null,"abstract":"Assembled here is a reasonably complete list of annotated codes for historical and modern natural history collections associated with lost and extant specimens of fossil and Recent fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. A total of 3,845 codes are anchored to about 2,064 distinct collections and/or institutions in 155 countries. At least 633 of those collections are exclusively paleontological or include fossil specimens. The list is primarily derived from the scientific literature and may serve as a resource for plainly citing specimens in publications and for linking such citations to records in online databases.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45760831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Competition for resources between sympatric species can result in reduced fitness. Resource partitioning allows the minimization of competitive pressures, consequently promoting the coexistence of a diversity of species. We tested the hypothesis that the Striped Plateau Lizard (Sceloporus virgatus) and the Ornate Tree Lizard (Urosaurus ornatus) that occur in sympatry in the Chiricahua mountains of Arizona, USA have distinct ecological niches to minimize interspecific competition. We compared the activity times, perch microhabitat characteristics, and diet of these insectivorous lizards to test the prediction that they partition resources. Although we found no difference between the two species in the time at which lizards become active in the morning nor in the composition of their diets, the two species used different structural perch microhabitats. The Ornate Tree Lizard selected higher and narrower perches with more closed canopy than the Striped Plateau Lizard, and males generally occupied higher perches than females. These differences in perch microhabitat use may reduce interspecific competition and allow these two sympatric species to cohabitate.
{"title":"Niche Partitioning between Two Sympatric Lizards in the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona","authors":"Rachel Bergeron, G. Blouin‐Demers","doi":"10.1643/CH-19-268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-19-268","url":null,"abstract":"Competition for resources between sympatric species can result in reduced fitness. Resource partitioning allows the minimization of competitive pressures, consequently promoting the coexistence of a diversity of species. We tested the hypothesis that the Striped Plateau Lizard (Sceloporus virgatus) and the Ornate Tree Lizard (Urosaurus ornatus) that occur in sympatry in the Chiricahua mountains of Arizona, USA have distinct ecological niches to minimize interspecific competition. We compared the activity times, perch microhabitat characteristics, and diet of these insectivorous lizards to test the prediction that they partition resources. Although we found no difference between the two species in the time at which lizards become active in the morning nor in the composition of their diets, the two species used different structural perch microhabitats. The Ornate Tree Lizard selected higher and narrower perches with more closed canopy than the Striped Plateau Lizard, and males generally occupied higher perches than females. These differences in perch microhabitat use may reduce interspecific competition and allow these two sympatric species to cohabitate.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43618364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surfperches (Embiotocidae) are a unique family of viviparous fishes that have internal fertilization, gestation to the sub-adult stage, and live-birth; therefore, maternal investment is extremely high. This invokes the expectation that brood size is limited and females should be choosy and select few mates. Yet multiple paternity occurs in all eight species examined to date, with high prevalence ranging from 92–100%. Most surfperches are found along the Eastern Pacific coast, but Ditrema temminckii is distributed in the Western Pacific and we found differences in their mating strategy compared to other surfperches. In D. temminckii, prevalence of multiple paternity was only 60%. Further, the average number of sires was only 1.86 per brood even though brood sizes ranged from 12–45, and paternity was skewed, with the majority of paternity allocated to a single male. We propose that these differences may be associated with strong female selection on males in this species. Finally, we evaluated whether the number of fathers is an accurate estimate for the number of mates by comparing the number of alleles detected from fathers within the brood to the number of alleles from mates via genotyping alleles from spermatozoa within the uterine sac and found no significant difference, suggesting that the number of sires is a reasonable estimate for the number of mates in D. temminckii.
{"title":"Evaluating Reproductive Strategies and Female Bateman Gradients in Ditrema temminckii: Is the Number of Fathers a Good Approximation for the Number of Mates?","authors":"M. Izumiyama, S. Awata, K. Crow","doi":"10.1643/CE-19-271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-19-271","url":null,"abstract":"Surfperches (Embiotocidae) are a unique family of viviparous fishes that have internal fertilization, gestation to the sub-adult stage, and live-birth; therefore, maternal investment is extremely high. This invokes the expectation that brood size is limited and females should be choosy and select few mates. Yet multiple paternity occurs in all eight species examined to date, with high prevalence ranging from 92–100%. Most surfperches are found along the Eastern Pacific coast, but Ditrema temminckii is distributed in the Western Pacific and we found differences in their mating strategy compared to other surfperches. In D. temminckii, prevalence of multiple paternity was only 60%. Further, the average number of sires was only 1.86 per brood even though brood sizes ranged from 12–45, and paternity was skewed, with the majority of paternity allocated to a single male. We propose that these differences may be associated with strong female selection on males in this species. Finally, we evaluated whether the number of fathers is an accurate estimate for the number of mates by comparing the number of alleles detected from fathers within the brood to the number of alleles from mates via genotyping alleles from spermatozoa within the uterine sac and found no significant difference, suggesting that the number of sires is a reasonable estimate for the number of mates in D. temminckii.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46108429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cecilia S. Blengini, Guadalupe López Juri, M. Chiaraviglio, D. Uñates, S. Naretto
Reproductive physiology is influenced by environmental pressures, particularly in ectothermic species living in harsh climatic conditions. Studying the period of time in which males exhibit semen availability and their sperm traits constitutes a powerful tool to evaluate the fertility potential of males because sperm size and sperm velocity have been proposed as determinants in fertilization success. Pristidactylus achalensis is a lizard endemic to the highest mountain areas in Central Argentina and shows a pattern of seasonal activity. Here, we study the period of time when males possess sperm during the active season and characterize the spermatozoa based on sperm morphometric and dynamic traits among males and within ejaculate. Males possess sperm in their ejaculates only during the spring months of the active season, suggesting that reproductive activity is restricted to this time. Spermatozoa of Pristidactylus achalensis show intra-specific variation in sperm traits among males and within ejaculate, suggesting different reproductive potential among males. Since this species only occupies the highest areas of the mountains and is categorized as vulnerable, basic information about reproduction and sperm physiology could be useful for potential population conservation strategies.
{"title":"Sperm Parameters in Pristidactylus achalensis (Squamata: Leiosauridae), a Lizard Endemic to the Highest Mountain Areas in Central Argentina","authors":"Cecilia S. Blengini, Guadalupe López Juri, M. Chiaraviglio, D. Uñates, S. Naretto","doi":"10.1643/CH-19-310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-19-310","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive physiology is influenced by environmental pressures, particularly in ectothermic species living in harsh climatic conditions. Studying the period of time in which males exhibit semen availability and their sperm traits constitutes a powerful tool to evaluate the fertility potential of males because sperm size and sperm velocity have been proposed as determinants in fertilization success. Pristidactylus achalensis is a lizard endemic to the highest mountain areas in Central Argentina and shows a pattern of seasonal activity. Here, we study the period of time when males possess sperm during the active season and characterize the spermatozoa based on sperm morphometric and dynamic traits among males and within ejaculate. Males possess sperm in their ejaculates only during the spring months of the active season, suggesting that reproductive activity is restricted to this time. Spermatozoa of Pristidactylus achalensis show intra-specific variation in sperm traits among males and within ejaculate, suggesting different reproductive potential among males. Since this species only occupies the highest areas of the mountains and is categorized as vulnerable, basic information about reproduction and sperm physiology could be useful for potential population conservation strategies.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48175233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T HE ichthyologist, coauthor of the Fishes of Oklahoma book, naturalist painter, and long-time professor of zoology at Oklahoma State University, RUDOLPH JOHN MILLER, affectionately known as ‘‘Rudy’’ to his friends, passed away in Stillwater, Oklahoma on 10 December 2017 at the age of 83. He was born in Gbely, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia) on 25 September 1934. Rudy is survived by his three children and their spouses and grandchildren. His obituary in the Stillwater, Oklahoma newspaper noted that Rudy was a good husband, father, and provider, a man of great talent and intelligence with a wonderful sense of humor. Rudolph J. Miller came to America with his mother, Josephine Brunofski, wife of James Miller, as a young child and grew up in and around Rochester, New York. Although conceived in America, the tradition in Rudy’s family was that his pregnant mother return to ‘‘the old country’’ to have her child. As a young boy Rudy learned to love the outdoors from going fishing with his brother and he learned to draw and paint the wildlife of the area. He studied the area wildlife near his home and loved to watch the birds on Lake Ontario. He later entered Cornell University and graduated in 1956 with his bachelor’s degree in Conservation. While at Cornell, Rudy was closely associated with like-minded classmates and future luminaries who loved natural history including Bruce Collette, Tom Poulson, Tom Frazetta, and Fred Gehlbach as well as his own brother, Bob (‘‘R.V.’’ Miller), in the Department of Conservation in Fernow Hall. R.V. went on to become a well-known marine mammal scientist for NOAA in Seattle. C. Richard Robins, himself later a world-famous ichthyologist, was one of their lab instructors in vertebrate zoology as was Helen (Rudy’s future wife) in Botany. ‘‘Helen was a delightful vision in our Botany labs and it always amazed me that Rudy persuaded Helen to marry him!’’ (Bruce Collette, pers. comm.). After marrying Helen in 1957, the new couple moved to Tulane University where Rudy studied under the legendary Royal D. Suttkus. Rudy’s master’s thesis was ‘‘A Review of the Seabasses of the Genus Centropristis,’’ which he later published in Tulane Studies in Botany and Zoology (Miller, 1959). Rudy loved to tell about Suttkus rousting out him and other students in the middle of the night in the midst of a tropical downpour to go collect fishes in cottonmouth and alligator laden habitats. Under Sut’s tutelage, Rudy learned the wonderful fish fauna of the southeastern United States. After receiving his master’s degree in 1958, Rudy and Helen returned to Cornell where they each earned a Ph.D. Rudy studied under another fish legend, Edward C. Raney, switching to study fish behavior for his dissertation. His dissertation and subsequent publication on ‘‘Behavior and Fig. 1. Rudy Miller in 1971 examining specimens of Eupomacentrus jenkinsi (now Stegastes marginatus), a species of small damselfish. Rudy made behavioral observations on this species whil
{"title":"Rudolph J. Miller (1934–2017): Oklahoma Ichthyologist, Teacher and Mentor, and Naturalist Painter","authors":"H. Robison","doi":"10.1643/ct2020107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/ct2020107","url":null,"abstract":"T HE ichthyologist, coauthor of the Fishes of Oklahoma book, naturalist painter, and long-time professor of zoology at Oklahoma State University, RUDOLPH JOHN MILLER, affectionately known as ‘‘Rudy’’ to his friends, passed away in Stillwater, Oklahoma on 10 December 2017 at the age of 83. He was born in Gbely, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia) on 25 September 1934. Rudy is survived by his three children and their spouses and grandchildren. His obituary in the Stillwater, Oklahoma newspaper noted that Rudy was a good husband, father, and provider, a man of great talent and intelligence with a wonderful sense of humor. Rudolph J. Miller came to America with his mother, Josephine Brunofski, wife of James Miller, as a young child and grew up in and around Rochester, New York. Although conceived in America, the tradition in Rudy’s family was that his pregnant mother return to ‘‘the old country’’ to have her child. As a young boy Rudy learned to love the outdoors from going fishing with his brother and he learned to draw and paint the wildlife of the area. He studied the area wildlife near his home and loved to watch the birds on Lake Ontario. He later entered Cornell University and graduated in 1956 with his bachelor’s degree in Conservation. While at Cornell, Rudy was closely associated with like-minded classmates and future luminaries who loved natural history including Bruce Collette, Tom Poulson, Tom Frazetta, and Fred Gehlbach as well as his own brother, Bob (‘‘R.V.’’ Miller), in the Department of Conservation in Fernow Hall. R.V. went on to become a well-known marine mammal scientist for NOAA in Seattle. C. Richard Robins, himself later a world-famous ichthyologist, was one of their lab instructors in vertebrate zoology as was Helen (Rudy’s future wife) in Botany. ‘‘Helen was a delightful vision in our Botany labs and it always amazed me that Rudy persuaded Helen to marry him!’’ (Bruce Collette, pers. comm.). After marrying Helen in 1957, the new couple moved to Tulane University where Rudy studied under the legendary Royal D. Suttkus. Rudy’s master’s thesis was ‘‘A Review of the Seabasses of the Genus Centropristis,’’ which he later published in Tulane Studies in Botany and Zoology (Miller, 1959). Rudy loved to tell about Suttkus rousting out him and other students in the middle of the night in the midst of a tropical downpour to go collect fishes in cottonmouth and alligator laden habitats. Under Sut’s tutelage, Rudy learned the wonderful fish fauna of the southeastern United States. After receiving his master’s degree in 1958, Rudy and Helen returned to Cornell where they each earned a Ph.D. Rudy studied under another fish legend, Edward C. Raney, switching to study fish behavior for his dissertation. His dissertation and subsequent publication on ‘‘Behavior and Fig. 1. Rudy Miller in 1971 examining specimens of Eupomacentrus jenkinsi (now Stegastes marginatus), a species of small damselfish. Rudy made behavioral observations on this species whil","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48285373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new viviparous halfbeak, Nomorhamphus aenigma, new species, from the upper stream of the Cerekang River in central Sulawesi, Indonesia is described. The new species is distinguished from all other zenarchopterids by the complete absence of elongate lower jaws. Although secondary loss of elongate jaws is also known from several hemiramphids, N. aenigma, new species, is clearly different from them by having no elongate jaws throughout ontogeny.
{"title":"A New “Beakless” Halfbeak of the Genus Nomorhamphus from Sulawesi (Teleostei: Zenarchopteridae)","authors":"Hirozumi Kobayashi, K. Masengi, K. Yamahira","doi":"10.1643/CI-19-313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-19-313","url":null,"abstract":"A new viviparous halfbeak, Nomorhamphus aenigma, new species, from the upper stream of the Cerekang River in central Sulawesi, Indonesia is described. The new species is distinguished from all other zenarchopterids by the complete absence of elongate lower jaws. Although secondary loss of elongate jaws is also known from several hemiramphids, N. aenigma, new species, is clearly different from them by having no elongate jaws throughout ontogeny.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49498568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary T. Wood, Isaac D. Shepard, Stephen T. Hurley, Mitchell R. Paisker, V. R. Hensley, M. Kinnison
Many invasive species may be constrained in their ability to invade high latitude or elevation habitats due to limits of cold tolerance. However, isolated populations at the edge of these species' geographic ranges may face a combination of strong selection and lack of maladaptive gene flow that allows them to adapt to the cold and invade further. Here we show that an isolated population of Gambusia affinis (on Cape Cod, MA, USA), one of the most invasive fish in the world, can survive temperatures lower than any reported tolerances for other populations, with large, long-lived females showing more tolerance than males. Indeed, male acute cold tolerance appears insufficient, suggesting the population may persist through winters mainly via the ability of mated females to delay offspring production until spring. This combination of female cold tolerance and life history may open the door for further expansion of this invasive species into high latitude freshwater habitats.
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