Miquéias Ferrão, A. Lima, S. Ron, Sueny Paloma Lima dos Santos, J. Hanken
We describe through integrative taxonomy a new Amazonian species of leaf-litter toad of the Rhinella margaritifera species group. The new species inhabits open lowland forest in southwest Amazonia in Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia. It is closely related to a Bolivian species tentatively identified as Rhinella cf. paraguayensis. Both the new species and R. paraguayensis share an uncommon breeding strategy among their Amazonian congeners: each breeds in moderate to large rivers instead of small streams or ponds formed by rainwater. The new species is easily differentiated from other members of the R. margaritifera species group by having a strongly developed bony protrusion at the angle of the jaw, a snout–vent length of 63.4–84.7 mm in females and 56.3–72.3 mm in males, well-developed supratympanic crests with the proximal portion shorter than the parotoid gland in lateral view, a divided distal subarticular tubercle on finger III, and multinoted calls composed of groups of 7–9 pulsed notes and a dominant frequency of 1,012–1,163 Hz. Recent studies have shown that the upper Madeira Basin harbors a megadiverse fauna of anurans, including several candidate species. This is the first member of the R. margaritifera species group to be described from this region in recent years, and at least two additional unnamed species await formal description.
{"title":"New Species of Leaf-litter Toad of the Rhinella margaritifera Species Group (Anura: Bufonidae) from Amazonia","authors":"Miquéias Ferrão, A. Lima, S. Ron, Sueny Paloma Lima dos Santos, J. Hanken","doi":"10.1643/CH2020043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CH2020043","url":null,"abstract":"We describe through integrative taxonomy a new Amazonian species of leaf-litter toad of the Rhinella margaritifera species group. The new species inhabits open lowland forest in southwest Amazonia in Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia. It is closely related to a Bolivian species tentatively identified as Rhinella cf. paraguayensis. Both the new species and R. paraguayensis share an uncommon breeding strategy among their Amazonian congeners: each breeds in moderate to large rivers instead of small streams or ponds formed by rainwater. The new species is easily differentiated from other members of the R. margaritifera species group by having a strongly developed bony protrusion at the angle of the jaw, a snout–vent length of 63.4–84.7 mm in females and 56.3–72.3 mm in males, well-developed supratympanic crests with the proximal portion shorter than the parotoid gland in lateral view, a divided distal subarticular tubercle on finger III, and multinoted calls composed of groups of 7–9 pulsed notes and a dominant frequency of 1,012–1,163 Hz. Recent studies have shown that the upper Madeira Basin harbors a megadiverse fauna of anurans, including several candidate species. This is the first member of the R. margaritifera species group to be described from this region in recent years, and at least two additional unnamed species await formal description.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"967 - 986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45387442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Chapalichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) consists of three allopatrically distributed species that occur on the Mesa Central, Mexico. Chapalichthys encaustus primarily occurs in the Río Lerma-Santiago basin, whereas both C. peraticus and C. pardalis have restricted distributions in the adjacent Río Balsas basin. Taxonomic issues in the genus center around the validity of C. peraticus. A formal systematic and taxonomic assessment of the genus inclusive of all three species of Chapalichthys has never been conducted. Therefore, the objectives of this study were two-fold: 1) to assess the phylogenetic relationships among multiple populations and all three species of Chapalichthys using 1,047 bp of mtDNA (ND2) sequence data, and 2) in light of the phylogenetic results, to re-examine the taxonomic status of C. peraticus using meristic and pigmentation characters. The phylogeny indicates two clades, each consisting of a valid species. One clade includes multiple populations of C. encaustus, and a second clade consists of multiple individuals of C. pardalis and C. peraticus. Chapalichthys pardalis and C. peraticus possess nearly identical mitochondrial sequences for ND2. Morphologically, meristic counts of all characters examined showed overlap for all three species and provide no species-specific diagnostic information. Chapalichthys encaustus can be differentiated from C. pardalis and C. peraticus based on the presence of vertical bars along the lateral flank versus a spotted pattern in the other two species. Chapalichthys pardalis and C. peraticus cannot be differentiated from one another based on pigmentation or meristics. The results from this study support the recognition of only two species of Chapalichthys: C. encaustus and C. pardalis.
{"title":"Systematics and Taxonomy of Chapalichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae), a Small Genus of Live-Bearers from Central Mexico","authors":"K. Piller, D. Bloom, J. Lyons, N. Mercado-Silva","doi":"10.1643/CI2020044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CI2020044","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Chapalichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) consists of three allopatrically distributed species that occur on the Mesa Central, Mexico. Chapalichthys encaustus primarily occurs in the Río Lerma-Santiago basin, whereas both C. peraticus and C. pardalis have restricted distributions in the adjacent Río Balsas basin. Taxonomic issues in the genus center around the validity of C. peraticus. A formal systematic and taxonomic assessment of the genus inclusive of all three species of Chapalichthys has never been conducted. Therefore, the objectives of this study were two-fold: 1) to assess the phylogenetic relationships among multiple populations and all three species of Chapalichthys using 1,047 bp of mtDNA (ND2) sequence data, and 2) in light of the phylogenetic results, to re-examine the taxonomic status of C. peraticus using meristic and pigmentation characters. The phylogeny indicates two clades, each consisting of a valid species. One clade includes multiple populations of C. encaustus, and a second clade consists of multiple individuals of C. pardalis and C. peraticus. Chapalichthys pardalis and C. peraticus possess nearly identical mitochondrial sequences for ND2. Morphologically, meristic counts of all characters examined showed overlap for all three species and provide no species-specific diagnostic information. Chapalichthys encaustus can be differentiated from C. pardalis and C. peraticus based on the presence of vertical bars along the lateral flank versus a spotted pattern in the other two species. Chapalichthys pardalis and C. peraticus cannot be differentiated from one another based on pigmentation or meristics. The results from this study support the recognition of only two species of Chapalichthys: C. encaustus and C. pardalis.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"1004 - 1011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42928400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When David Burnett and I founded Molecular Pathology six years ago, it was partly in the belief (which I am sure is correct) that pathologists, whether they work in haematology, oncological pathology, microbiology, or whatever, speak the same language in molecular terms. The publication of this book underlines that fact, and although my interest is, of course, largely in lymphoma pathology, there are many chapters in this publication that are of interest to me, not only on the technical side. For example, those with an interest in Epstein-Barr virus would also benefit from reading the sections on papilloma virus, human herpesvirus 8, cytomegalovirus, and, of course, the detection of translocations and so on in various leukaemias and lymphomas. However, interest does not stop at this level because surely to most of us telomerases and microsatellite instability are of fundamental interest. Also, for example, in our hospital we have studies under way on molecular aspects of thrombotic disorders and haemochromotosis. These comments serve to underline, on a somewhat personalised basis, the broad overlap between what would appear to be highly specialised contributions in this volume. At the beginning of the book there are three essential chapters on DNA and RNA extraction from wax embedded or frozen tissue, which should be read by all in this field. Furthermore, with the increase in frequency of mycobacterial disease worldwide, the section on the detection and speciation of mycobacteria in formalin fixed, wax embedded tissue sections is surely a taste of the future when—for example, staining of sections with the ZiehiNeeisen technique will surely become a technique of the past. Thus, although on initial scan of the contents of this book, it would appear to be the case that any one individual might find, say, only three or four chapters of relevance or interest, I do not feel that this is the case and I would recommend any pathologist (with a capital P!) to dip into this book because they are sure to benefit from it.
{"title":"BOOK REVIEWS","authors":"E. Quah","doi":"10.1643/CT2020109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CT2020109","url":null,"abstract":"When David Burnett and I founded Molecular Pathology six years ago, it was partly in the belief (which I am sure is correct) that pathologists, whether they work in haematology, oncological pathology, microbiology, or whatever, speak the same language in molecular terms. The publication of this book underlines that fact, and although my interest is, of course, largely in lymphoma pathology, there are many chapters in this publication that are of interest to me, not only on the technical side. For example, those with an interest in Epstein-Barr virus would also benefit from reading the sections on papilloma virus, human herpesvirus 8, cytomegalovirus, and, of course, the detection of translocations and so on in various leukaemias and lymphomas. However, interest does not stop at this level because surely to most of us telomerases and microsatellite instability are of fundamental interest. Also, for example, in our hospital we have studies under way on molecular aspects of thrombotic disorders and haemochromotosis. These comments serve to underline, on a somewhat personalised basis, the broad overlap between what would appear to be highly specialised contributions in this volume. At the beginning of the book there are three essential chapters on DNA and RNA extraction from wax embedded or frozen tissue, which should be read by all in this field. Furthermore, with the increase in frequency of mycobacterial disease worldwide, the section on the detection and speciation of mycobacteria in formalin fixed, wax embedded tissue sections is surely a taste of the future when—for example, staining of sections with the ZiehiNeeisen technique will surely become a technique of the past. Thus, although on initial scan of the contents of this book, it would appear to be the case that any one individual might find, say, only three or four chapters of relevance or interest, I do not feel that this is the case and I would recommend any pathologist (with a capital P!) to dip into this book because they are sure to benefit from it.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"1012 - 1015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44678633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybridization between populations along the path to complete reproductive isolation can provide snapshots of speciation in action. Here, we present a comprehensive list of salamander hybrids and estimate genetic distances between the parental hybridizing species using one mitochondrial and one nuclear gene (MT-CYB and RAG1). Salamanders are outliers among tetrapod vertebrates in having low metabolic rates and highly variable sex chromosomes. Both of these features might be expected to impact speciation; mismatches between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes that encode the proteins for oxidative metabolism, as well as mismatches in heteromorphic sex chromosomes, can lead to reproductive isolation. We compared the genetic distances between hybridizing parental species across four main tetrapod groups that differ in metabolic rates and sex chromosome diversity: salamanders, lizards, mammals, and birds. Our results reveal no significant differences, suggesting that variation in these traits across vertebrates does not translate into predictable patterns of genetic divergence and incompatible loci in hybrids.
{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Salamander Hybridization Suggests a Consistent Relationship between Genetic Distance and Reproductive Isolation across Tetrapods","authors":"S. Melander, R. Mueller","doi":"10.1643/CH-19-319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-19-319","url":null,"abstract":"Hybridization between populations along the path to complete reproductive isolation can provide snapshots of speciation in action. Here, we present a comprehensive list of salamander hybrids and estimate genetic distances between the parental hybridizing species using one mitochondrial and one nuclear gene (MT-CYB and RAG1). Salamanders are outliers among tetrapod vertebrates in having low metabolic rates and highly variable sex chromosomes. Both of these features might be expected to impact speciation; mismatches between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes that encode the proteins for oxidative metabolism, as well as mismatches in heteromorphic sex chromosomes, can lead to reproductive isolation. We compared the genetic distances between hybridizing parental species across four main tetrapod groups that differ in metabolic rates and sex chromosome diversity: salamanders, lizards, mammals, and birds. Our results reveal no significant differences, suggesting that variation in these traits across vertebrates does not translate into predictable patterns of genetic divergence and incompatible loci in hybrids.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"987 - 1003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45327192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taggert G. Butterfield, M. Olson, Daniel D. Beck, R. Macip-Ríos
Resource partitioning in communities is often achieved by sympatric species having different morphologies that allow them to access different resources. This is because differences in morphology influence an organism's capability to perform a task that is relevant to their ecology. Here, we compare limb, shell, and head morphology, swimming performance, habitat use, and diet of three species (Rhinoclemmys rubida , R. pulcherrima, and Kinosternon chimalhuaca) that co-occur in the tropical dry forest of Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. We found that these species do not overlap in both habitat or diet, and the overlap that we observed in habitat was contrasted by differences in diet. We also found a consistent relationship among limb and shell morphology, swimming speed, and habitat. Rhinoclemmys rubida occupies the driest deciduous forest atop and along hills, has shorter hands, less interdigital webbing, longer plastrons, more-domed shells, and slower swimming speeds in proportion to body size. In contrast, Kinosternon chimalhuaca exclusively occupies arroyos or seasonal streams, has longer hands, more interdigital webbing, smaller plastrons, less-domed shells, and faster swimming speeds in proportion to its body size. Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima was found in all habitats and intermediate in morphology and swimming speed between the other two species. Therefore, in this study system, limb and shell morphology are good indicators of habitat differences between turtle species. These differences are likely due to the influence that limb and shell morphology have on swimming performance. Relationships between head morphology and diet were less clear, which might be the result of changes in behavior or habitat rather than morphology. Patterns of resource partitioning in Chamela seem to coincide with other studies of turtle communities, which suggests that relationships among morphology, performance, and ecology that we observe here might be a general pattern across turtles.
群落中的资源分配通常是由具有不同形态的同域物种实现的，这使得它们能够获得不同的资源。这是因为形态上的差异会影响生物体执行与其生态相关的任务的能力。在这里，我们比较了三个物种(Rhinoclemmys rubida, R. pulcherrima和Kinosternon chimalhuaca)的肢体、壳和头部形态、游泳性能、栖息地利用和饮食，这些物种共同生活在墨西哥Jalisco州Chamela的热带干燥森林中。我们发现这些物种在栖息地和饮食上都没有重叠，我们在栖息地观察到的重叠与饮食的差异形成对比。我们还发现了肢壳形态、游泳速度和栖息地之间的一致关系。rubida Rhinoclemmys rubida生活在最干燥的落叶林中，栖息在山顶和山坡上，手较短，趾间蹼较少，蹼较长，壳较圆，与体型成比例的游动速度较慢。相比之下，奇诺斯特农金马华卡只栖息在河流或季节性溪流中，它们的手更长，蹼间更多，蹼更小，壳更少，与体型成比例的游动速度更快。pulcherrima在所有栖息地都有发现，在形态和游泳速度上介于其他两个物种之间。因此，在本研究系统中，肢和壳形态是反映龟种生境差异的良好指标。这些差异可能是由于肢和壳形态对游泳表现的影响。头部形态和饮食之间的关系不太清楚，这可能是行为或栖息地变化的结果，而不是形态的变化。Chamela的资源分配模式似乎与其他海龟群落的研究相吻合，这表明我们在这里观察到的形态、性能和生态之间的关系可能是海龟的一般模式。
{"title":"Morphology, Performance, and Ecology of Three Sympatric Turtles in a Tropical Dry Forest","authors":"Taggert G. Butterfield, M. Olson, Daniel D. Beck, R. Macip-Ríos","doi":"10.1643/CE-18-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-18-165","url":null,"abstract":"Resource partitioning in communities is often achieved by sympatric species having different morphologies that allow them to access different resources. This is because differences in morphology influence an organism's capability to perform a task that is relevant to their ecology. Here, we compare limb, shell, and head morphology, swimming performance, habitat use, and diet of three species (Rhinoclemmys rubida , R. pulcherrima, and Kinosternon chimalhuaca) that co-occur in the tropical dry forest of Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. We found that these species do not overlap in both habitat or diet, and the overlap that we observed in habitat was contrasted by differences in diet. We also found a consistent relationship among limb and shell morphology, swimming speed, and habitat. Rhinoclemmys rubida occupies the driest deciduous forest atop and along hills, has shorter hands, less interdigital webbing, longer plastrons, more-domed shells, and slower swimming speeds in proportion to body size. In contrast, Kinosternon chimalhuaca exclusively occupies arroyos or seasonal streams, has longer hands, more interdigital webbing, smaller plastrons, less-domed shells, and faster swimming speeds in proportion to its body size. Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima was found in all habitats and intermediate in morphology and swimming speed between the other two species. Therefore, in this study system, limb and shell morphology are good indicators of habitat differences between turtle species. These differences are likely due to the influence that limb and shell morphology have on swimming performance. Relationships between head morphology and diet were less clear, which might be the result of changes in behavior or habitat rather than morphology. Patterns of resource partitioning in Chamela seem to coincide with other studies of turtle communities, which suggests that relationships among morphology, performance, and ecology that we observe here might be a general pattern across turtles.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"957 - 966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46924235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Conway, Cragen D. King, A. Summers, Daemin Kim, P. Hastings, G. Moore, S. Iglésias, M. Erdmann, C. Baldwin, G. Short, Kyoji Fujiwara, T. Trnski, G. Voelker, L. Rüber
Gobiesocidae are a moderate-sized family (currently 182 species, 51 genera) of predominantly coastal marine fishes, commonly referred to as clingfishes. Depending on the classification adopted, the species and genera of clingfishes are organized either across ten subfamilies, based on a classification scheme introduced in the 1950s (“traditional” classification, comprising Aspasminae, Cheilobranchinae, Chorisochisminae, Diademichthyinae, Diplocrepinae, Gobiesocinae, Haplocylicinae, Lepadogastrinae, Protogobiesocinae, and Trachelochisminae), or just two subfamilies, in a classification scheme adopted only recently (“reduced” classification, comprising Cheilobranchinae and Gobiesocinae). We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among members of the family Gobiesocidae using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data to assess whether the alternative classification schemes (traditional and reduced) are compatible with inferred evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic hypotheses are derived from maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a seven-gene concatenated dataset (2 mitochondrial and 5 nuclear markers; 4,857 bp) compiled from individuals representing 82 (of 182) species, 42 (of 51) genera, and 10 (of 10) subfamilies of the Gobiesocidae. Although our investigation provides strong support for the monophyly of the Gobiesocidae, multiple subfamilies of the traditional classification (Aspasminae, Diademichthyinae, Diplocrepinae, Gobiesocinae, and Trachelochisminae), one subfamily of the reduced classification (Gobiesocinae), and multiple genera (Aspasmichthys, Cochleoceps, Lepadogaster, and Lepadichthys) are resolved as non-monophyletic groups. Based on our results and the results of previous studies, we recommend a systematic reassignment of genera between subfamilies, of which we recognize nine: Cheilobranchinae, Chorisochisminae, Diademichthyinae, Diplocrepinae, Haplocylicinae, Gobiesocinae, Lepadogastrinae, Protogobiesocinae, and Trachelochisminae. Membership of the Lepadogastrinae is unchanged from previous usage; the Cheilobranchinae are expanded to contain additional genera from southern Australia, including those placed previously in the Aspasminae (Nettorhamphos and Posidonichthys) and the Diplocrepinae (Barryichthys, Cochleoceps, and Parvicrepis); the Aspasminae are placed in the synonymy of the Diademichthyinae and all genera placed in the former (excluding Modicus and Posidonichthys) are transferred to the latter; the Diplocrepinae are restricted to Diplocrepis; Eckloniaichthys scylliorhiniceps is transferred from the Gobiesocinae to the Chorisochisminae; Gobiesocinae are restricted to the New World members of this group (Acyrtops, Acyrtus, Arcos, Derilissus, Gobiesox, Rimicola, Sicyases, and Tomicodon); the Haplocylicinae are expanded to include additional genera from New Zealand (Gastrocyathus, Gastrocymba, and Gastroscyphus); the Protogobiesocinae are expanded to accommodate three genera of deep water taxa (Gymnoscyphus
{"title":"Molecular Phylogenetics of the Clingfishes (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae)—Implications for Classification","authors":"K. Conway, Cragen D. King, A. Summers, Daemin Kim, P. Hastings, G. Moore, S. Iglésias, M. Erdmann, C. Baldwin, G. Short, Kyoji Fujiwara, T. Trnski, G. Voelker, L. Rüber","doi":"10.1643/CI2020054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CI2020054","url":null,"abstract":"Gobiesocidae are a moderate-sized family (currently 182 species, 51 genera) of predominantly coastal marine fishes, commonly referred to as clingfishes. Depending on the classification adopted, the species and genera of clingfishes are organized either across ten subfamilies, based on a classification scheme introduced in the 1950s (“traditional” classification, comprising Aspasminae, Cheilobranchinae, Chorisochisminae, Diademichthyinae, Diplocrepinae, Gobiesocinae, Haplocylicinae, Lepadogastrinae, Protogobiesocinae, and Trachelochisminae), or just two subfamilies, in a classification scheme adopted only recently (“reduced” classification, comprising Cheilobranchinae and Gobiesocinae). We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among members of the family Gobiesocidae using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data to assess whether the alternative classification schemes (traditional and reduced) are compatible with inferred evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic hypotheses are derived from maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a seven-gene concatenated dataset (2 mitochondrial and 5 nuclear markers; 4,857 bp) compiled from individuals representing 82 (of 182) species, 42 (of 51) genera, and 10 (of 10) subfamilies of the Gobiesocidae. Although our investigation provides strong support for the monophyly of the Gobiesocidae, multiple subfamilies of the traditional classification (Aspasminae, Diademichthyinae, Diplocrepinae, Gobiesocinae, and Trachelochisminae), one subfamily of the reduced classification (Gobiesocinae), and multiple genera (Aspasmichthys, Cochleoceps, Lepadogaster, and Lepadichthys) are resolved as non-monophyletic groups. Based on our results and the results of previous studies, we recommend a systematic reassignment of genera between subfamilies, of which we recognize nine: Cheilobranchinae, Chorisochisminae, Diademichthyinae, Diplocrepinae, Haplocylicinae, Gobiesocinae, Lepadogastrinae, Protogobiesocinae, and Trachelochisminae. Membership of the Lepadogastrinae is unchanged from previous usage; the Cheilobranchinae are expanded to contain additional genera from southern Australia, including those placed previously in the Aspasminae (Nettorhamphos and Posidonichthys) and the Diplocrepinae (Barryichthys, Cochleoceps, and Parvicrepis); the Aspasminae are placed in the synonymy of the Diademichthyinae and all genera placed in the former (excluding Modicus and Posidonichthys) are transferred to the latter; the Diplocrepinae are restricted to Diplocrepis; Eckloniaichthys scylliorhiniceps is transferred from the Gobiesocinae to the Chorisochisminae; Gobiesocinae are restricted to the New World members of this group (Acyrtops, Acyrtus, Arcos, Derilissus, Gobiesox, Rimicola, Sicyases, and Tomicodon); the Haplocylicinae are expanded to include additional genera from New Zealand (Gastrocyathus, Gastrocymba, and Gastroscyphus); the Protogobiesocinae are expanded to accommodate three genera of deep water taxa (Gymnoscyphus","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"886 - 906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42853873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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