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ESTIMATION OF WIND-DRIVEN POWER PLANTS APPLICATION EFFICIENCY ON MODERN SHIPS 风力发电厂在现代船舶上的应用效率评估
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2021-58-6-16
A. Rak, С.N. Tzarenko, A. V. Kostenko
The overview of modern wind turbines use on ships is presented. The main calculated dependencies for assessing the efficiency and ecological compatibility of wind propulsion systems are given. The issues of using modern sails-kites as propulsion systems, as well as their use for generating electrical energy are considered. The principle of sails-kites operation is described. A methodology for determining the main design parameters is presented. The kites are designed to improve the energy efficiency of the main engines and to comply with environmental requirements in reducing emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere.
概述了现代风力发电机在船舶上的应用。给出了评估风力推进系统效率和生态兼容性的主要计算依赖项。使用现代帆风筝作为推进系统的问题,以及它们用于产生电能的用途。介绍了风帆风筝的工作原理。提出了一种确定主要设计参数的方法。这些风筝的设计是为了提高主引擎的能源效率,并符合减少有害物质排放到大气中的环保要求。
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引用次数: 0
OBTAINING ALGINATE-CONTAINING GEL FROM THE BROWN KELP SEAWEED EUALARIA FISTULOSA FROM KAMCHATKA 从堪察加半岛褐海带中提取含海藻酸盐凝胶
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2021-56-28-41
T. A. Klochkova
The giant kelp Eualaria fistulosa forms underwater forests in different regions of the Northern Pacifics in-cluding Kamchatka, but still is not an object of commercial gathering. In this paper, we present data on its anatomical structure and results of experiments aimed at developing technology for preparing algal gel. The rate and condition of tissue and cell wall degradation occurring during thermal-alkaline treatment of different parts of E. fistulosa thallus was checked using microscope. Because of different histological organization, pigmentation, and density of E. fistulosa blade and midrib, the gels obtained from them had different organo-leptic characteristics and required different amount of chemical reagents and different times of thermal-alkaline treatment for production at the same temperature and hydromodule (60оС and 1 : 10, respectively). The midrib macerated longer, and more sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) was required for its maceration. In general, it was shown that the algal gel obtained from E. fistulosa was characterized by a high viscosity. In different experiments, being measured on a viscometer with a nozzle «5», the viscosity made 75–85 mm2/s for a gel prepared from blades and 79–85 mm2/s for a gel prepared from midrib.
巨型海带Eualaria fistulosa在北太平洋的不同地区(包括堪察加半岛)形成了水下森林,但仍然不是商业采集的对象。本文介绍了藻凝胶的解剖结构和实验结果,旨在开发藻类凝胶的制备技术。用显微镜观察了热碱性处理过程中不同部位组织和细胞壁降解的速率和情况。在相同的温度和水模下(60оС和1:10),不同的化学试剂用量和不同的热碱性处理次数,使得从它们得到的凝胶具有不同的有机镇静特性。中脉浸渍时间更长,需要更多的碳酸氢钠(NaHCO₃)来浸渍。总的来说,研究表明,从赤潮藻中获得的藻凝胶具有高粘度的特点。在不同的实验中,用喷嘴“5”的粘度计测量,由叶片制备的凝胶粘度为75-85 mm2/s,由中脉制备的凝胶粘度为79-85 mm2/s。
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引用次数: 0
CYTOLOGICAL AND CHROMOSOMAL FEATURES OF ALARIA SPECIES (LAMINARIALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE) FROM KAMCHATKA 堪察加半岛阿拉木耳种的细胞学和染色体特征
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2021-58-71-86
A. Klimova, T. A. Klochkova
We present new data on cytology and karyology of representatives of the genus Alaria from the eastern Kamchatka. Since, despite morphological differences, taxa previously reported from this region as A. angusta and A. marginata turned out to be genetically identical and conspecific to A. esculenta, we substantiated their independence as intraspecific taxa, A. esculenta – f. angustifolia and f. latifolia, respectively. Cytochemical studies showed that different forms of A. esculenta have different oligosaccharide composition on the surface of oocytes and female gametophytes, i. e. during life cycle stages that ensure maintenance of species heterozygosity and, possibly, reproductive isolation of its forms. In Asian region, A. esculenta has a haploid chromosome number, which is half from that recorded from the Atlantic and Arctic regions, 14 instead of 28, suggesting that northwest Pacific is the center of A. esculenta origin and its settlement in the World Ocean.
本文报道了堪察加半岛东部阿拉aria属代表植物细胞学和核学的新资料。由于尽管形态上存在差异,但该地区以前报道的麻瓜和边缘麻瓜在遗传上是相同的,并且与麻瓜属同源,因此我们证实了它们作为种内分类群的独立性,分别是麻瓜-麻瓜和麻叶。细胞化学研究表明,在生命周期的各个阶段,不同形式的沙豆科植物在卵母细胞和雌性配子体表面具有不同的寡糖组成,从而保证了物种杂合性的维持,并可能使其形式的生殖隔离。在亚洲地区,沙蚕的单倍体染色体数是大西洋和北极地区记录的染色体数的一半,由28个减少到14个,这表明西北太平洋是沙蚕起源和在世界海洋定居的中心。
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引用次数: 1
ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICS OF LAND USE STRUCTURE AND SOIL FERTILITY INDICATORS OVER THE KLYAZMA RIVER BASIN 克拉孜玛河流域土地利用结构动态及土壤肥力指标分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2021-56-88-98
I. Kurochkin, E. Kulagina, N. Chugay
The main trends in changing the land use structure in the territory of the Klyazma River basin were de-scribed in the article. Using GIS technologies and remote sensing data the areas of land with different land use regimes in the studied territory were determined in the period from 2001 to 2019. The indices of LAI and FPAR phytoproductivity for the territory of the Klyazma basin as a whole, and for each basin included in it were determined. The analysis of the dynamics of changes occurring in the structure of land use is carried out. For the territory of Vladimir region, which is a part of the Klyazma River basin, an assessment of soil types distribution over occupied area was carried out. An integral indicator of soil fertility was calcu-lated on the basis of statistical data of agrochemical indicators. The fraction of fallow lands decreased by 2019 and it amounts 33.76% of the total area of the studied territory. The fraction of mixed forests increased from 38.48% in 2001 to 44.50% in 2019 due to the formation of fast-growing tree species shoots on fallow lands. The area of meadow vegetation for the period from 2015 to 2019 decreased by 3.5%, from 4 276 to 3 121 km2, due to agriculture degradation and a significant decrease in livestock grazing. The indicator of soil fertility for the Klyazma basin was 0.74, which is a high indicator. It is established that the most active decrease in the agricultural land area occurs in the central, north-western and western parts of the river basin.
本文阐述了克列兹玛河流域土地利用结构变化的主要趋势。利用GIS技术和遥感数据,确定了2001年至2019年研究区域内不同土地利用制度的土地面积。确定了克拉孜马盆地境内整体和各流域的LAI和FPAR植物生产力指数。对土地利用结构变化的动态进行了分析。对于弗拉基米尔地区的领土,这是克利亚兹马河流域的一部分,对占领区的土壤类型分布进行了评估。在农化指标统计数据的基础上,计算出土壤肥力的综合指标。到2019年,休耕地比例有所下降,占研究区域总面积的33.76%。混交林比例从2001年的38.48%增加到2019年的44.50%,主要原因是在休耕地上形成了速生树种的新芽。2015 - 2019年,由于农业退化和畜牧业显著减少,草甸植被面积减少了3.5%,从4276平方公里减少到3 121平方公里。克拉孜马盆地土壤肥力指标为0.74,属于高指标。研究发现,流域中部、西北部和西部农用地面积减少最为活跃。
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引用次数: 0
GRANULOMETRIC AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC SUSPENSIONS IN SPASSK-DALNIY CITY (PRIMORSKY KRAI) spassk-dalniy市(滨海边疆区)大气悬浮物的粒度和化学分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2019-49-6-11
I. Vakhniuk, K. Kirichenko, V. Drozd, A. A. Vakhniuk, A. V. Kirichenko, A. Kholodov, K. Golokhvast
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引用次数: 0
YIELD, ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE INDICATORS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BLUE HONEYSUCKLE UNDER CONDITIONS OF SAKHALIN TRADE-WIND LITTORAL CLIMATE 库页岛信风滨海气候条件下蓝金银花产量、经济价值指标及化学成分
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2021-56-64-73
V. N. Yefanov, E. V. Mitusova
The blue honeysuckle is the earliest ripening berry, which ripens 7–10 days earlier than the garden strawber-ries under the conditions of Sakhalin's climate. It is resistant to lower fungi and parasites and can be cultivat-ed without pesticides. Currently, many honeysuckle varieties with fruits of different morphologies and chemical composition have been bred. We analyzed values of economically valuable indicators and chemical composition in 14 varieties of honeysuckle, which grow in the monsoon climate of Sakhalin. To assess the most productive variety, the values of each character were presented as percentage of the maximum for each indicator. Knowing the total values of characters under investigation made it possible to choose the best va-rieties, from authors` point of view, to grow in the household gardens in the monsoon climate of Sakhalin: from the Pavlovsk Experimental Station of Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry – Leningradsky giant (506.4%), Berel (432.9%) and Viola (423.4%).
蓝金银花是最早成熟的浆果,在库页岛的气候条件下,它比花园草莓早成熟7-10天。它对低等真菌和寄生虫具有抗性,可以在不使用杀虫剂的情况下种植。目前,已经培育出许多具有不同形态和化学成分果实的金银花品种。对库页岛季风气候下生长的14个金银花品种的经济价值指标和化学成分进行了分析。为了评估最有生产力的品种,每个性状的值以每个指标最大值的百分比表示。从作者的角度来看,了解所调查的特征的总值可以选择最好的品种,在库页岛季风气候的家庭花园中种植:从瓦维洛夫植物工业研究所巴甫洛夫斯克实验站-列宁格勒斯基巨人(506.4%),别列尔(432.9%)和维奥拉(423.4%)。
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引用次数: 1
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF NON-COMMERCIAL CRUSTACEANS OF THE KAMCHATKA GULF SHELF IN 2013 2013年堪察加湾陆架非商业甲壳类物种组成及分布
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2021-58-56-70
I. Blokhin
The distribution of settlement density and biomass of non-commercial crustaceans in the shelf zone of the Kamchatka Gulf in 2013 based on the materials of 23 dredging stations was shown. 130 species of noncommercial crustaceans belonging to 5 taxonomic groups were identified. The most abundant stocks of noncommercial crustaceans were depths from 150 to 200 m. In the northern part of the Kamchatka Gulf near the Kamchatka River mouth a biocenosis has been preserved, identified earlier by A.P. Kuznetsov in his research, and according to the results of our research conducted in the central part of the Kamchatka Gulf shelf at a depth of 186 m, another biocenosis with amphipod dominance can be identified. The cold-water species of the boreal-arctic complex predominate in the shelf zone of the Kamchatka Gulf.
以2013年堪察加湾陆架带23个疏浚站的资料为基础,研究了非商业性甲壳类动物的沉降密度和生物量分布。鉴定出非商业甲壳类动物130种,隶属5个类群。非商业甲壳类动物最丰富的种群是150 ~ 200 m的深度。在堪察加湾北部靠近堪察加河口的地方,保存着A.P. Kuznetsov早前在他的研究中发现的一个生物群落。根据我们在堪察加湾大陆架中部186米深处进行的研究结果,可以发现另一个以片足类动物为主的生物群落。寒带-北极复合体的冷水物种在堪察加湾的陆架地带占主导地位。
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引用次数: 0
EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ZHETYKOL AND OBALYKOL LAKES OF REGIONAL BIOLOGICAL RESERVE “SVETLINSKAYA” ON STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL INDEXES OF MACROZOOBENTHOS 基于大型底栖动物结构和功能指标的区域生物保护区“svetlinskaya”zhetykol和obalykol湖生态状况评价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2019-50-118-122
A. Shayhutdinova
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引用次数: 0
RESEARCH OF AIR POLLUTION WITH FINE COAL DUST (NAKHODKA, PRIMORSKY KRAI) 细煤尘对大气污染的研究(滨海边疆区纳霍德卡)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2019-50-6-13
K. Kirichenko, A. Kholodov, I. Vakhniuk, D. S. Gusev, A. Kiryanov, V. Drozd, K. Golokhvast
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引用次数: 3
LECTOTYPIFICATION OF THE NAMES OF AGARUM TAXA (LAMINARIALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE) DESCRIBED BY A.F. POSTELS AND F.I. RUPRECHT a.f. postels和f.i. ruprecht所描述的木胶菌分类群(层压藻目、褐藻目)名称的电分型
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17217/2079-0333-2022-62-36-48
N. Klochkova, A. Klimova, T. A. Klochkova
In this paper, we analyzed the history of the genus Agarum. In Kamchatka, the species included in this genus are currently identified as A. clathratum and A. turneri. Currently existing genotypic systematic data, results of our own molecular-phylogenetic research, comparative analysis of descriptions, drawings and synonyms of Agarum species provided in references published by different authors, as well as investigation of the herbarium specimens from BIN RAS (LE) collected by members of the expedition by F.B. Lutke and M.N. Stanyukovich (1826–1829) revealed that, due to a misunderstanding of the volume and specific characteristics of A. clathratum and A. turneri, their species names are currently being used erroneously. Thus, in accordance with the International Code of the Nomenclature of Algae, Fungi and Plants, it is proposed by us to use the name А. clathratum for algae with a wide flat midrib and large perforations, whereas algae with a narrow convex midrib and small perforations should be indicated as A. pertusum. Our taxonomic changes were based on the investigation of herbarium specimens from the BIN RAS (LE) labeled by F.I. Ruprecht, and also on comparison of rDNA sequences obtained by us and those downloaded from the NBCI database. We also typified А. gmelinii, A. pertusum, А. turneri described by A.F. Postels and F.I. Ruprecht.
本文对木香属植物的历史进行了分析。在堪察加半岛,本属包括的物种目前被确定为A. clathratum和A. turneri。现有的基因型系统数据、我们自己的分子系统发育研究结果、不同作者发表的文献中对木香属植物的描述、图例和近义词的比较分析,以及考察队员F.B. Lutke和M.N. Stanyukovich(1826-1829)收集的BIN RAS (LE)植物标本室标本的调查表明:由于对克拉氏沙蚕和特纳氏沙蚕的体积和特性的误解,它们的种名目前被错误地使用。因此,根据《国际藻类、真菌和植物命名规则》,我们建议使用А这个名称。具有宽而平的中脉和大穿孔的藻类为笼形藻,而具有窄的凸中脉和小穿孔的藻类应为a . pertusum。我们的分类变化是基于F.I. Ruprecht标记的BIN RAS (LE)标本馆标本的调查,以及我们获得的rDNA序列与从NBCI数据库下载的rDNA序列的比较。我们也将А作为典型。gmelinii, A. pertusum, А。由A.F.波斯特尔斯和F.I.鲁普雷希特描述的特纳里。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Bulletin оf Kamchatka State Technical University
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