Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2174/22123938mta1enzc84
Sara Fuladi
{"title":"Assessment of the Efficacy of Withania somnifera Root Extract in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Double-blind Placebo- Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sara Fuladi","doi":"10.2174/22123938mta1enzc84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/22123938mta1enzc84","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10746,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666191016152143
Hira Rafi, Fahad Ahmad, Javaria Anis, Ruba Khan, Hamna Rafiq, Muhammad Farhan
AIM Endogenous agmatine has a significant role in learning and memory process as a neurotransmitter. Various studies described the physiological role of endogenous agmatine in learning and memory of multiple cognitive tasks suggesting elevated levels of agmatine during learning process in rat brain. Dietary intake of choline shown correlation with cognitive functions in human subjects and treatment with choline supplements validated the ability to diminish learning and cognitive impairment dementias. METHOD 36 rats were equally divided into three groups each that received the following treatments: a. water was given orally to control group b. Agmatine (p.o.) 100 mg/Kg/Body Weight and c. Choline (p.o.) 100 mg/Kg/Body Weight daily for 14 days. Behaviors were assessed in Light/Dark Box, Open Field, Novel Object Recognition Test (NOR), T Maze Test and Morris Water Maze Test. RESULTS Animals administered with agmatine demonstrated increased time spent in bright area of light/dark box and square crossed while improved spatial memory in Morris water maze and T maze test and enhanced discrimination of novel object in NOR were observed in learning and memory paradigms as compared with choline supplement. CONCLUSION Present study determines that agmatine treatment at the dose of (100 mg/kg/BW) attenuate memory and cognitive impairment that leads to behavioral disorders and deficits in comparison with choline supplements.
{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of Agmatine and Choline treatment in rats with cognitive impairment induced by AlCl3 and Forced Swim Stress.","authors":"Hira Rafi, Fahad Ahmad, Javaria Anis, Ruba Khan, Hamna Rafiq, Muhammad Farhan","doi":"10.2174/1574884714666191016152143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574884714666191016152143","url":null,"abstract":"AIM\u0000Endogenous agmatine has a significant role in learning and memory process as a neurotransmitter. Various studies described the physiological role of endogenous agmatine in learning and memory of multiple cognitive tasks suggesting elevated levels of agmatine during learning process in rat brain. Dietary intake of choline shown correlation with cognitive functions in human subjects and treatment with choline supplements validated the ability to diminish learning and cognitive impairment dementias.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u000036 rats were equally divided into three groups each that received the following treatments: a. water was given orally to control group b. Agmatine (p.o.) 100 mg/Kg/Body Weight and c. Choline (p.o.) 100 mg/Kg/Body Weight daily for 14 days. Behaviors were assessed in Light/Dark Box, Open Field, Novel Object Recognition Test (NOR), T Maze Test and Morris Water Maze Test.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Animals administered with agmatine demonstrated increased time spent in bright area of light/dark box and square crossed while improved spatial memory in Morris water maze and T maze test and enhanced discrimination of novel object in NOR were observed in learning and memory paradigms as compared with choline supplement.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Present study determines that agmatine treatment at the dose of (100 mg/kg/BW) attenuate memory and cognitive impairment that leads to behavioral disorders and deficits in comparison with choline supplements.","PeriodicalId":10746,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1574884714666191016152143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45610916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666190918155147
H. Mahmoudvand, Mahbobeh Pakravanan, F. Kheirandish, S. Jahanbakhsh, M. Sepahvand, M. Niazi, Abdolreza Rouientan, Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian
Background: The present work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of Curcuma zadoaria essential oil and to investigate its efficacy and safety against hydatid cyst protoscoleces. Methods Collected protoscoleces from liver fertile hydatid cysts of infected sheep were exposed to different concentrations of the essential oil (75, 150, 300 µl/mL) for 5-30 min in vitro and ex vivo. Then, by using the eosin exclusion assay, the viability of protoscoleces was studied. In the next step, 24 male NMRI mice were examined to assess the toxicity of C. zadoaria essential oil by measuring the biochemical and hematological parameters. Results Based on the obtained results, the LD50 value of intraperitoneal injection of the C. zadoaria essential oil was 1.76 mL/kg of body weight and the maximum non-fatal dose was 0.96 mL/kg of body weight. C. zadoaria essential oil had a strong proto scolicidal activity in vitro so that at the 300 and 150 µl/ml entirely eliminates the parasite after 5 and 10 minutes; whereas, weak proto scolicidal activity was observed at lower doses. Ex vivo assay, no similar effect with in vitro was observed, therefore, more time is required to show a potent proto scolicidal activity. C. zadoaria essential oil at the concentrations of 300 and 150 µl/mL after an exposure time of 7 and 12 min, killed 100% of protoscoleces within the hydatid cyst, respectively. After intraperitoneal injection of the C. zadoaria essential oil for 2 weeks, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the clinical chemistry and hematologic parameters at the doses of 0.15, 0.3, 0.6 mL/kg. Conclusion The obtained results in vitro and ex vivo exhibited that C. zadoaria essential oil had a favorable proto scolicidal activity on hydatid cyst protoscoleces. However, more supplementary works are required to verify these findings by assessing clinical subjects.
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety Curcuma zadoaria L. to Inactivate the Hydatid Cyst Protoscoleces","authors":"H. Mahmoudvand, Mahbobeh Pakravanan, F. Kheirandish, S. Jahanbakhsh, M. Sepahvand, M. Niazi, Abdolreza Rouientan, Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian","doi":"10.2174/1574884714666190918155147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574884714666190918155147","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of Curcuma zadoaria essential oil and to investigate its efficacy and safety against hydatid cyst protoscoleces. Methods Collected protoscoleces from liver fertile hydatid cysts of infected sheep were exposed to different concentrations of the essential oil (75, 150, 300 µl/mL) for 5-30 min in vitro and ex vivo. Then, by using the eosin exclusion assay, the viability of protoscoleces was studied. In the next step, 24 male NMRI mice were examined to assess the toxicity of C. zadoaria essential oil by measuring the biochemical and hematological parameters. Results Based on the obtained results, the LD50 value of intraperitoneal injection of the C. zadoaria essential oil was 1.76 mL/kg of body weight and the maximum non-fatal dose was 0.96 mL/kg of body weight. C. zadoaria essential oil had a strong proto scolicidal activity in vitro so that at the 300 and 150 µl/ml entirely eliminates the parasite after 5 and 10 minutes; whereas, weak proto scolicidal activity was observed at lower doses. Ex vivo assay, no similar effect with in vitro was observed, therefore, more time is required to show a potent proto scolicidal activity. C. zadoaria essential oil at the concentrations of 300 and 150 µl/mL after an exposure time of 7 and 12 min, killed 100% of protoscoleces within the hydatid cyst, respectively. After intraperitoneal injection of the C. zadoaria essential oil for 2 weeks, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the clinical chemistry and hematologic parameters at the doses of 0.15, 0.3, 0.6 mL/kg. Conclusion The obtained results in vitro and ex vivo exhibited that C. zadoaria essential oil had a favorable proto scolicidal activity on hydatid cyst protoscoleces. However, more supplementary works are required to verify these findings by assessing clinical subjects.","PeriodicalId":10746,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1574884714666190918155147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47000684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666190823162055
A. Jarab, S. Al‐Azzam, Rawan Badaineh, T. Mukattash, Razan Bsoul
Background and Objective: Despite the established importance of thromboprophylaxis in patients with Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), a limited number of studies have assessed the awareness of VTE and thromboprophylaxis therapy among the affected patients. The aim of the current study was to assess awareness and to explore variables associated with awareness about VTE and its thromboprophylaxis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized patients who received thromboprophylaxis (5000 units of heparin subcutaneously (SC) q8-12h, or 30-40 mg of enoxaparin SC once daily). In addition to the sociodemographic variables, awareness and perception of VTE and its thromboprophylaxis were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to build a model of variables significantly associated with VTE awareness. Results: A total of 225 patients participated in the study, with only 38.2% and 22.2% of the participants being aware of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE) respectively. Logistic regression showed that the participants with low educational level had 3.046 value, with the odds being not aware of DVT or PE compared with participants with high educational level. Participants without a personal history of VTE had 7.374 value, with the odds being not aware of DVT or PE compared with those who had a personal history of VTE. Participants who had a negative perception of VTE had 2.582 value, with the odds being not aware of DVT or PE compared with participants who had a positive perception and those who did not have any information about DVT or PE had 13.727 value, with the odds being not aware of DVT or PE. Conclusion: The findings reveal that there is a lack of awareness about VTE and its thromboprophylaxis among the study participants. Patients with lower educational level and those with no history of previous VTE need awareness improvement about VTE and its thromboprophylaxis. Clinical Pharmacists need to focus on providing information about VTE and improving patients’ perception about VTE and its thromboprophylaxis with the aim of improving the awareness about VTE, and hence the better health outcome.
{"title":"Awareness and Perception of Thromboembolism and Thrombo-prophylaxis among Hospitalized Patients in Jordan","authors":"A. Jarab, S. Al‐Azzam, Rawan Badaineh, T. Mukattash, Razan Bsoul","doi":"10.2174/1574884714666190823162055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574884714666190823162055","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Despite the established importance of thromboprophylaxis in patients with Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), a limited number of studies have assessed the awareness of VTE and thromboprophylaxis therapy among the affected patients. The aim of the current study was to assess awareness and to explore variables associated with awareness about VTE and its thromboprophylaxis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized patients who received thromboprophylaxis (5000 units of heparin subcutaneously (SC) q8-12h, or 30-40 mg of enoxaparin SC once daily). In addition to the sociodemographic variables, awareness and perception of VTE and its thromboprophylaxis were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to build a model of variables significantly associated with VTE awareness. Results: A total of 225 patients participated in the study, with only 38.2% and 22.2% of the participants being aware of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE) respectively. Logistic regression showed that the participants with low educational level had 3.046 value, with the odds being not aware of DVT or PE compared with participants with high educational level. Participants without a personal history of VTE had 7.374 value, with the odds being not aware of DVT or PE compared with those who had a personal history of VTE. Participants who had a negative perception of VTE had 2.582 value, with the odds being not aware of DVT or PE compared with participants who had a positive perception and those who did not have any information about DVT or PE had 13.727 value, with the odds being not aware of DVT or PE. Conclusion: The findings reveal that there is a lack of awareness about VTE and its thromboprophylaxis among the study participants. Patients with lower educational level and those with no history of previous VTE need awareness improvement about VTE and its thromboprophylaxis. Clinical Pharmacists need to focus on providing information about VTE and improving patients’ perception about VTE and its thromboprophylaxis with the aim of improving the awareness about VTE, and hence the better health outcome.","PeriodicalId":10746,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141217118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666190802124301
Aziz Muhammad, Weissman Simcha, Fatima Rawish, Rajani Sabih, E. Albert, N. Ali
Background Current guidelines recommend the use of vancomycin for the initial treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI). Cadazolid, an experimental drug, has been utilized and compared in several studies with varying results. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases [Medline, Google Scholar and Cochrane] for eligible studies. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing cadazolid with vancomycin for CDI treatment were included. Demographic variables and outcomes (CDI resolution, CDI recurrence, and adverse events) were collected. The primary outcome was clinical cure rate defined as the resolution of CDI at the end of a 10-day course. Results Two studies with three RCTs met the inclusion criteria with a total of 1283 patients with CDI who received either cadazolid 250 mg twice daily (624 patients) or vancomycin 125 mg four times daily (659 patients). Clinical cure rate at the end of the treatment was not statistically significant (pooled OR= 0.82; 95% CI = 0.61 to 1.11; p=0.20; I2= 0%). Sustained clinical response at clinical follow-up was also not significantly different (pooled OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.91 to 1.43; p=0.27; I2 = 0%). Cadazolid had a lower recurrence rate than vancomycin (pooled OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.52 to 0.98; p=0.04; I2 = 13%). Conclusion Cadazolid is non-inferior to vancomycin and offers a promising alternative for the treatment of CDI. More studies including RCTs and longitudinal studies with large and diverse patient population are needed to further confirm this. Furthermore, cadazolid should also be compared with fidaxomicin in a head-to-head trial to evaluate their efficacy for CDI.
{"title":"Cadazolid vs Vancomycin for the Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection: Systematic Review with Meta-analysis","authors":"Aziz Muhammad, Weissman Simcha, Fatima Rawish, Rajani Sabih, E. Albert, N. Ali","doi":"10.2174/1574884714666190802124301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574884714666190802124301","url":null,"abstract":"Background Current guidelines recommend the use of vancomycin for the initial treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI). Cadazolid, an experimental drug, has been utilized and compared in several studies with varying results. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases [Medline, Google Scholar and Cochrane] for eligible studies. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing cadazolid with vancomycin for CDI treatment were included. Demographic variables and outcomes (CDI resolution, CDI recurrence, and adverse events) were collected. The primary outcome was clinical cure rate defined as the resolution of CDI at the end of a 10-day course. Results Two studies with three RCTs met the inclusion criteria with a total of 1283 patients with CDI who received either cadazolid 250 mg twice daily (624 patients) or vancomycin 125 mg four times daily (659 patients). Clinical cure rate at the end of the treatment was not statistically significant (pooled OR= 0.82; 95% CI = 0.61 to 1.11; p=0.20; I2= 0%). Sustained clinical response at clinical follow-up was also not significantly different (pooled OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.91 to 1.43; p=0.27; I2 = 0%). Cadazolid had a lower recurrence rate than vancomycin (pooled OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.52 to 0.98; p=0.04; I2 = 13%). Conclusion Cadazolid is non-inferior to vancomycin and offers a promising alternative for the treatment of CDI. More studies including RCTs and longitudinal studies with large and diverse patient population are needed to further confirm this. Furthermore, cadazolid should also be compared with fidaxomicin in a head-to-head trial to evaluate their efficacy for CDI.","PeriodicalId":10746,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1574884714666190802124301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43941510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666190802125627
M. Niazi, N. Galehdar, M. Jamshidi, R. Mohammadi, Alireza Moayyedkazemi
Background Heart failure is a common medical problem in the world, which has a high prevalence in both developed and developing countries. Today, among the medications used for the heart failure treatment, there are many medications with a positive cardiac contraction effect (positive inotropic such as digital glycosides, adrenergic receptor stimulants, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors), a large number of cardiac diluents (such as Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor group), and a few other types of drugs whose final effects are still under review. Statins are valuable drugs that are broadly prescribed in hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular patients due to their multiple properties, such as cholesterol reduction, endothelial function improvement, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neovascularization, and immunomodulatory activities. Methods There is evidence that the therapeutic role of statins in HF, due to myocardial hypertrophy, show reduction in cardiomyocyte loss in the apoptosis process, oxidative stress, inflammation, and also the return of neurohormonal imbalance. However, the fact that these drugs have no side-effects has not been confirmed in all studies, as statins prevent the production of particular beneficial and protective factors, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), while inhibiting the production of specific proteins involved in pathologic mechanisms. Results Recently, it has been hypothesized that, despite the positive effects reported, high doses of statins in patients with long-term heart failure lead to progress in heart failure by inhibiting CoQ10 synthesis and intensifying hypertrophy. Conclusion Thus, it can be stated that the advantage of using statins depends on factors, such as stroke fraction, and the existence of other standard indications such as atherosclerotic diseases or high Low-Density Lipoprotein-C (LDL-C).
{"title":"A Review of the Role of Statins in Heart Failure Treatment","authors":"M. Niazi, N. Galehdar, M. Jamshidi, R. Mohammadi, Alireza Moayyedkazemi","doi":"10.2174/1574884714666190802125627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574884714666190802125627","url":null,"abstract":"Background Heart failure is a common medical problem in the world, which has a high prevalence in both developed and developing countries. Today, among the medications used for the heart failure treatment, there are many medications with a positive cardiac contraction effect (positive inotropic such as digital glycosides, adrenergic receptor stimulants, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors), a large number of cardiac diluents (such as Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor group), and a few other types of drugs whose final effects are still under review. Statins are valuable drugs that are broadly prescribed in hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular patients due to their multiple properties, such as cholesterol reduction, endothelial function improvement, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neovascularization, and immunomodulatory activities. Methods There is evidence that the therapeutic role of statins in HF, due to myocardial hypertrophy, show reduction in cardiomyocyte loss in the apoptosis process, oxidative stress, inflammation, and also the return of neurohormonal imbalance. However, the fact that these drugs have no side-effects has not been confirmed in all studies, as statins prevent the production of particular beneficial and protective factors, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), while inhibiting the production of specific proteins involved in pathologic mechanisms. Results Recently, it has been hypothesized that, despite the positive effects reported, high doses of statins in patients with long-term heart failure lead to progress in heart failure by inhibiting CoQ10 synthesis and intensifying hypertrophy. Conclusion Thus, it can be stated that the advantage of using statins depends on factors, such as stroke fraction, and the existence of other standard indications such as atherosclerotic diseases or high Low-Density Lipoprotein-C (LDL-C).","PeriodicalId":10746,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1574884714666190802125627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666190704115345
Firoozeh Alavian, Nasrin Shams
Background: Over the past few decades, nanotechnology has dramatically advanced; from the precise strategies of synthesizing modern nanostructures to methods of entry into the body. Using nanotechnology in diagnosis, drug delivery, determining signaling pathways, and tissue engineering is great hope for the treatment of stroke. The drug-carrying nanoparticles are a way to increase drug absorption through the mouth or nose in treating the stroke.
Objective: In this article, in addition to explaining pros and cons of oral and intra-nasal administration of nanoparticles in the brain ischemia treatment of animal models, the researchers introduce some articles in this field and briefly mentioned their work outcomes.
Methods: A number of relevant published articles 183 were initially collected from three popular databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The articles not closely related to the main purpose of the present work were removed from the study process. The present data set finally included 125 published articles.
Results: Direct delivery of the drug to the animal brain through the mouth and nose has more therapeutic effects than systemic delivery of drugs. The strategy of adding drugs to the nanoparticles complex can potentially improve the direct delivery of drugs to the CNS.
Conclusion: Despite the limitations of oral and intra-nasal routes, the therapeutic potential of oral and intra-nasal administration of nano-medicines is high in cerebral ischemia treatment.
{"title":"Oral and Intra-nasal Administration of Nanoparticles in the Cerebral Ischemia Treatment in Animal Experiments: Considering its Advantages and Disadvantages.","authors":"Firoozeh Alavian, Nasrin Shams","doi":"10.2174/1574884714666190704115345","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574884714666190704115345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over the past few decades, nanotechnology has dramatically advanced; from the precise strategies of synthesizing modern nanostructures to methods of entry into the body. Using nanotechnology in diagnosis, drug delivery, determining signaling pathways, and tissue engineering is great hope for the treatment of stroke. The drug-carrying nanoparticles are a way to increase drug absorption through the mouth or nose in treating the stroke.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this article, in addition to explaining pros and cons of oral and intra-nasal administration of nanoparticles in the brain ischemia treatment of animal models, the researchers introduce some articles in this field and briefly mentioned their work outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A number of relevant published articles 183 were initially collected from three popular databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The articles not closely related to the main purpose of the present work were removed from the study process. The present data set finally included 125 published articles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Direct delivery of the drug to the animal brain through the mouth and nose has more therapeutic effects than systemic delivery of drugs. The strategy of adding drugs to the nanoparticles complex can potentially improve the direct delivery of drugs to the CNS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the limitations of oral and intra-nasal routes, the therapeutic potential of oral and intra-nasal administration of nano-medicines is high in cerebral ischemia treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10746,"journal":{"name":"Current clinical pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/46/CCP-15-20.PMC7366001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37395021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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