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Time to Treat the Climate and Nature Crisis as One Indivisible Global Health Emergency. 是时候将气候和自然危机视为一个不可分割的全球健康紧急情况了。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00426-3
Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Thomas Benfield, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Peush Sahni, Wadeia Mohammad Sharief, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Air Pollution Exposures on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: a Review. 空气污染暴露对心脏代谢危险因素的影响
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00423-6
Li-Hao Guo, Mohammed Zeeshan, Guo-Feng Huang, Duo-Hong Chen, Min Xie, Jun Liu, Guang-Hui Dong

Purpose of review: The increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) contributes to the rise in cardiovascular disease. Previous research has established a connection between air pollution and both the development and severity of CRFs. Given the ongoing impact of air pollution on human health, this review aims to summarize the latest research findings and provide an overview of the relationship between different types of air pollutants and CRFs.

Recent findings: CRFs include health conditions like diabetes, obesity, hypertension etc. Air pollution poses significant health risks and encompasses a wide range of pollutant types, air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O2). More and more population epidemiological studies have shown a positive correlation between air pollution and CRFs. Although various pollutants have diverse effects on specific cellular molecular pathways, their main influence is on oxidative stress, inflammation response, and impairment of endothelial function. More and more studies have proved that air pollution can promote the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, and the research on the relationship between air pollution and CRFs has grown intensively. An increasing number of studies are using new biological monitoring indicators to assess the occurrence and development of CRFs resulting from exposure to air pollution. Abnormalities in some important biomarkers in the population (such as homocysteine, uric acid, and C-reactive protein) caused by air pollution deserve more attention. Further research is warranted to more fully understand the link between air pollution and novel CRF biomarkers and to investigate potential prevention and interventions that leverage the mechanistic link between air pollution and CRFs.

综述目的:心血管代谢危险因素(CRFs)的日益流行导致心血管疾病的增加。先前的研究已经建立了空气污染与慢性疲劳综合症的发展和严重程度之间的联系。鉴于空气污染对人类健康的持续影响,本文旨在总结最新的研究成果,并概述不同类型的空气污染物与CRFs之间的关系。最近的研究发现:慢性疲劳综合症包括糖尿病、肥胖、高血压等健康状况。空气污染构成重大健康风险,包括各种污染物类型,空气污染物,如颗粒物(PM)、二氧化氮(NO2)、二氧化硫(SO2)和臭氧(O2)。越来越多的人口流行病学研究表明,空气污染与CRFs之间存在正相关关系。虽然各种污染物对特定的细胞分子通路有不同的影响,但其主要影响是氧化应激、炎症反应和内皮功能损伤。越来越多的研究证明,空气污染可促进心血管和代谢危险因素的发生和发展,对空气污染与CRFs之间关系的研究日益深入。越来越多的研究正在使用新的生物监测指标来评估因暴露于空气污染而导致的CRFs的发生和发展。空气污染引起的人群中一些重要生物标志物(如同型半胱氨酸、尿酸和c反应蛋白)的异常值得更多关注。为了更充分地了解空气污染与新型CRF生物标志物之间的联系,并研究利用空气污染与CRF之间的机制联系的潜在预防和干预措施,有必要进行进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Air Pollution and Temperature: a Systematic Review of Ubiquitous Environmental Exposures and Sudden Cardiac Death. 空气污染和温度:对普遍存在的环境暴露和心脏性猝死的系统评价。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00414-7
William Borchert, Stephanie T Grady, Jie Chen, Nicole V DeVille, Charlotte Roscoe, Futu Chen, Carol Mita, Isabel Holland, Grete E Wilt, Cindy R Hu, Unnati Mehta, Rachel C Nethery, Christine M Albert, Francine Laden, Jaime E Hart

Purpose of review: Environmental exposures have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and acute coronary events, but their relationship with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains unclear. SCD is an important contributor to the global burden of cardiovascular disease worldwide.

Recent findings: Current literature suggests a relationship between environmental exposures and cardiovascular disease, but their relationship with OHCA/SCD remains unclear. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Global Health. Of 5138 studies identified by our literature search, this review included 30 studies on air pollution, 42 studies on temperature, 6 studies on both air pollution and temperature, and 1 study on altitude exposure and OHCA/SCD. Particulate matter air pollution, ozone, and both hot and cold temperatures are associated with increased risk of OHCA/SCD. Pollution and other exposures related to climate change play an important role in OHCA/SCD incidence.

综述目的:环境暴露与心血管死亡率和急性冠状动脉事件的风险增加有关,但它们与院外心脏骤停(OHCA)和心源性猝死(SCD)的关系尚不清楚。SCD是造成全球心血管疾病负担的重要因素。最近的发现:目前的文献表明环境暴露与心血管疾病之间存在关系,但它们与OHCA/SCD的关系尚不清楚。在PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Global Health上进行了文献检索。在我们的文献检索确定的5138项研究中,这篇综述包括30项关于空气污染的研究,42项关于温度的研究,6项关于空气污染物和温度的研究以及1项关于海拔暴露和OHCA/SCD的研究。颗粒物空气污染、臭氧以及冷热温度都与OHCA/SCD风险增加有关。与气候变化有关的污染和其他暴露在OHCA/SCD发病率中起着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Synthetic Chemicals: What We Have Learned and Still Need to Learn About Their Associations with Childhood Allergy and Asthma. 合成化学物质:关于它们与儿童过敏和哮喘的关系,我们已经学到了什么,还需要了解。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00411-w
Ami Shah, Rachel L Miller

Purpose of review: Prenatal and childhood exposure to synthetic chemicals, such as phenols and phthalates, have been linked to asthma and allergy, but the extent of this association and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we provide an up-to-date review of the evidence linking phenol and phthalate exposure with childhood asthma and allergy and of proposed mechanistic pathways.

Recent findings: Five experimental and 12 epidemiological studies that examined associations between exposures to synthetic chemicals to asthma and allergic diseases were included. An additional 14 studies provided mechanistic support for the importance of immune modification through epigenetic regulation, induction of pro-allergic T2 expression, and endocrine disruption. While recent studies have provided further experimental and epidemiological evidence for how these chemical exposures may induce childhood asthma and allergy, the recent literature remains limited. However, emerging mechanistic studies have identified chemical-induced alterations in DNA methylation of genes implicated in allergic inflammation and endocrine disruption as potential pathways. In addition, barriers to decrease exposure to synthetic chemicals at the individual level (facilitated through education) and areas for further action at the organizational and governmental levels are suggested. The latter includes transferring some of the onus from the individual to organizations and legislation to restrict marketing and access to products containing potentially harmful chemicals and provide alternative products. We also suggest future research that focuses on further elucidating pathways between exposure to disease development and identifying strategies to reduce exposure at the population level.

综述目的:产前和儿童期接触酚类和邻苯二甲酸盐等合成化学物质与哮喘和过敏有关,但这种联系的程度和潜在机制尚不完全清楚。在这里,我们对苯酚和邻苯二甲酸盐暴露与儿童哮喘和过敏有关的证据以及提出的机制进行了最新综述。最近的发现:包括5项实验研究和12项流行病学研究,这些研究考察了暴露于合成化学物质与哮喘和过敏性疾病之间的关系。另外14项研究通过表观遗传学调节、诱导过敏原T2表达和内分泌紊乱为免疫修饰的重要性提供了机制支持。虽然最近的研究为这些化学物质暴露如何诱发儿童哮喘和过敏提供了进一步的实验和流行病学证据,但最近的文献仍然有限。然而,新兴的机制研究已经确定,与过敏性炎症和内分泌紊乱有关的基因的DNA甲基化的化学诱导变化是潜在的途径。此外,还提出了在个人层面减少接触合成化学品的障碍(通过教育促进)以及在组织和政府层面采取进一步行动的领域。后者包括将个人的部分责任转移给组织和立法,以限制营销和获取含有潜在有害化学品的产品,并提供替代产品。我们还建议未来的研究重点是进一步阐明暴露于疾病发展和确定减少人群暴露的策略之间的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Association between Asbestos Exposure and the Incidence of Kidney Cancer: a Weight-of-Evidence Evaluation and Meta-analysis. 石棉暴露与癌症发病率的相关性:证据权重评估和Meta-analysis。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00415-6
Fu-Shiuan Whitney Lee, Yu-Han Chen, Ngoc Dang Tran, Cheng-Kuan Lin, Le An Pham

Purpose of review: Occupational asbestos exposure has been extensively linked to various cancers, with ongoing debates regarding its association with kidney cancer. This study aims to investigate the correlation between occupational asbestos exposure and kidney cancer incidence. Additionally, potential influencing factors are analyzed to enhance the comprehension of the relationship between asbestos exposure and kidney cancer.

Recent finding: While asbestos has established strong associations with malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, its connection to other malignancies such as gastric, colorectal, and kidney cancers remains under scrutiny. The current study presents mixed opinions on the relationship between asbestos exposure and kidney cancer. Our analysis revealed a potential association between asbestos exposure and the incidence of kidney cancer. Notably, among different types of asbestos, exposure to amphibole appeared to be particularly linked to a higher incident risk of kidney cancer.

审查目的:职业性石棉暴露与各种癌症有着广泛的联系,目前正在就其与癌症的关系进行辩论。本研究旨在探讨职业石棉暴露与癌症发病率的相关性。此外,分析了潜在的影响因素,以增强对石棉暴露与癌症之间关系的理解。最近的发现:虽然石棉与恶性间皮瘤和癌症有着密切的联系,但它与胃癌、结直肠癌和肾癌等其他恶性肿瘤的联系仍在密切关注中。目前的研究对石棉暴露与癌症之间的关系提出了不同的意见。我们的分析揭示了石棉暴露与癌症发病率之间的潜在联系。值得注意的是,在不同类型的石棉中,暴露于角闪石似乎与更高的癌症发病风险特别相关。
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引用次数: 0
Fluoride Exposure and Skeletal Fluorosis: a Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis. 氟暴露与骨骼氟中毒:系统综述和剂量反应荟萃分析。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00412-9
Federica Veneri, Inga Iamandii, Marco Vinceti, Linda S Birnbaum, Luigi Generali, Ugo Consolo, Tommaso Filippini

Purpose of review: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relation between fluoride exposure and skeletal fluorosis (SF) using a novel statistical methodology for dose-response modeling.

Recent findings: Skeletal fluorosis, a major health issue that is endemic in some regions, affects millions of people worldwide. However, data regarding the dose-response relation between fluoride exposure and SF are limited and outdated. We included twenty-three studies in the meta-analysis. When comparing the highest versus the lowest fluoride category, the summary risk ratio (RR) for SF prevalence was 2.05 (95% CI 1.60; 2.64), with a value of 2.73 (95% CI 1.92; 3.90) for drinking water and 1.40 (95% CI 0.90; 2.17) for urinary fluoride. The RR by the risk of bias (RoB) was 2.37 (95% CI 1.56; 3.58) and 1.78 (95% CI 1.34; 2.36) for moderate and high RoB studies, respectively. The dose-response curve based on a one-stage cubic spline regression model showed an almost linear positive relation between exposure and SF occurrence starting from relatively low concentrations up to 5 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L, respectively, for water and urinary fluoride, with no substantial increase above this threshold. The RR for developing moderate-severe forms increases at 5.00 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L of water and urinary fluoride, respectively. Better-quality studies are needed to confirm these results, but greater attention should be given to water fluoride levels to prevent SF, in addition to the other potential adverse effects of fluoride exposure.

综述目的:我们使用一种新的剂量反应模型统计方法,对氟暴露与氟骨症(SF)之间的关系进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。最近的发现:氟骨症是一个主要的健康问题,在一些地区流行,影响着全世界数百万人。然而,关于氟暴露与SF之间的剂量反应关系的数据是有限的,并且已经过时。我们在荟萃分析中纳入了23项研究。当比较最高和最低氟化物类别时,SF患病率的总风险比(RR)为2.05(95%CI 1.60;2.64),饮用水为2.73(95%CI 1.92;3.90),尿氟为1.40(95%CI 0.90;2.17)。中度和高RoB研究的偏倚风险RR分别为2.37(95%CI 1.56;3.58)和1.78(95%CI 1.34;2.36)。基于一阶段三次样条回归模型的剂量-反应曲线显示,从水和尿氟的相对低浓度(分别高达5mg/L和2.5mg/L)开始,暴露和SF发生之间几乎呈线性正相关,在该阈值以上没有显著增加。当水和尿氟浓度分别为5.00 mg/L和2.5 mg/L时,发展为中重度的RR会增加。需要更高质量的研究来证实这些结果,但除了氟化物暴露的其他潜在不良影响外,还应更多地关注水的氟化物水平,以预防SF。
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引用次数: 0
Control Banding and the Global Rise of Qualitative Risk Assessment Strategies. 控制条带与定性风险评估策略的全球兴起。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00416-5
Juliana H Halbach, John M Cala, Samuel Y Paik, David M Zalk

Purpose of review: Control banding (CB) is a risk assessment strategy that has been applied globally to a variety of occupational hazards. This article describes how this method can be applied, recent developments in the CB literature, an example of how it is utilized for a large, diverse worksite, and where the future of CB is headed.

Recent findings: Over the past several years, the applications of CB have widened significantly and have accordingly helped bolster the public and occupational safety, health, and hygiene (OSHH) professionals' understanding of occupational exposure to various hazards. The fields of workplace chemicals, nanomaterials, and airborne pathogens (i.e., COVID-19), specifically have seen remarkable increases in the development of CB tools. Extensive CB tool validation efforts have also lent increasing credibility to this alternative approach. CB is a simplified strategy of assessing occupational exposures and providing commensurate controls and solutions to reduce workplace risks. CB can be used as a primary or tiered risk assessment and risk management approach which can be utilized by both OSHH professionals and nonexperts alike to identify solutions for reducing work-related exposures. The need for health and safety expertise will continue to grow as technological advancements, environmental changes, and economic forces increase workplace hazard complexity, and CB will continue to be a useful tool for those performing risk assessments.

审查目的:控制分级(CB)是一种风险评估策略,已在全球范围内应用于各种职业危害。本文介绍了如何应用这种方法,CB文献的最新发展,如何将其用于大型、多样化的工作场所的例子,以及CB的未来走向。最近的发现:在过去几年中,CB的应用范围显著扩大,因此有助于提高公众和职业安全、健康和卫生(OSHH)专业人员对各种危害的职业暴露的理解。工作场所化学品、纳米材料和空气传播病原体(即新冠肺炎)领域,CB工具的开发尤其显著增加。广泛的CB工具验证工作也增加了这种替代方法的可信度。CB是一种评估职业暴露并提供相应控制和解决方案以降低工作场所风险的简化策略。CB可作为一种主要或分级的风险评估和风险管理方法,OSHH专业人员和非专业人员均可利用该方法来确定减少与工作相关的风险暴露的解决方案。随着技术进步、环境变化和经济力量增加工作场所危险的复杂性,对健康和安全专业知识的需求将继续增长,CB将继续成为进行风险评估的有用工具。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Metals on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Review of Recent Epidemiological Studies. 金属对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的作用:近期流行病学研究综述。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00409-4
Khalid M Khan, Mariah J Zimpfer, Rasheda Sultana, Tahmid M Parvez, Ana Navas-Acien, Faruque Parvez

Purpose of review: Metals and metalloids are known for their nutritional as well as toxic effects in humans. In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, understanding the role of metals on COVID-19 infection is becoming important due to their role in infectious diseases. During the past 2 years, a significant number of studies have examined the impact of metals and metalloids on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed manuscripts on the association of metals and metalloids with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity published since the onset of the pandemic.

Recent findings: We searched for epidemiological studies available through the PubMed database published from January 2020 to December 2022. Of 92 studies identified, 20 met our inclusion criteria. These articles investigated the association of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), and/or lead (Pb) levels on SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 severity. Of the ten metals and metalloids of interest that reported either positive, negative, or no associations, Zn yielded the highest number of articles (n = 13), followed by epidemiological studies on Se (n = 7) and Fe (n = 5). Elevated serum Zn and Se were associated with reduced COVID-19 severity and mortality. Similarly, higher levels of serum Fe were associated with lower levels of cellular damage and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and with faster recovery from COVID-19. On the other hand, higher serum and urinary Cu and serum Mg levels were associated with higher COVID-19 severity and mortality. Along with the positive or negative effects, some studies reported no impact of metals on SARS-CoV-2 infection. This systematic review suggests that metals, particularly Zn, Fe, and Se, may help reduce the severity of COVID-19, while Cu and Mg may aggravate it. Our review suggests that future pandemic mitigation strategies may evaluate the role of Zn, Se, and Fe as potential therapeutic interventions.

审查目的:众所周知,金属和类金属对人体有营养和毒性作用。在 SARS-CoV-2 大流行的背景下,由于金属在传染病中的作用,了解金属对 COVID-19 感染的作用变得越来越重要。在过去两年中,大量研究探讨了金属和类金属对 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率的影响。我们对疫情爆发以来发表的有关金属和类金属与SARS-CoV-2感染和COVID-19严重程度相关性的同行评审稿件进行了系统回顾:我们通过 PubMed 数据库搜索了 2020 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月期间发表的流行病学研究。在确定的 92 项研究中,有 20 项符合我们的纳入标准。这些文章调查了锌 (Zn)、铁 (Fe)、硒 (Se)、锰 (Mn)、镉 (Cd)、砷 (As)、铜 (Cu)、镁 (Mg)、铬 (Cr) 和/或铅 (Pb) 水平与 SARS-CoV-2 感染和/或 COVID-19 严重程度的关系。在报道了正相关、负相关或无相关的十种金属和类金属中,锌的文章数量最多(13 篇),其次是硒(7 篇)和铁(5 篇)的流行病学研究。血清锌和硒的升高与 COVID-19 的严重程度和死亡率降低有关。同样,较高的血清铁水平与较低的细胞损伤水平和 SARS-CoV-2 感染症状以及更快地从 COVID-19 中恢复有关。另一方面,较高的血清、尿液铜和血清镁水平与较高的 COVID-19 严重程度和死亡率有关。除了正面或负面影响外,一些研究报告称金属对 SARS-CoV-2 感染没有影响。本系统综述表明,金属,尤其是锌、铁和硒,可能有助于减轻 COVID-19 的严重程度,而铜和镁则可能加重病情。我们的综述建议,未来的流行病缓解战略可以评估锌、硒和铁作为潜在治疗干预措施的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Asthma and Environmental Exposures to Phenols, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Phthalates in Children. 儿童哮喘与苯酚、多环芳烃和邻苯二甲酸盐环境暴露。
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00417-4
Medina S Jackson-Browne, Marisa A Patti, Noelle B Henderson, Marissa Hauptman, Wanda Phipatanakul
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引用次数: 0
Air Pollution and Lung Cancer: Contributions of Extracellular Vesicles as Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Utility. 空气污染与肺癌:作为致病机制和临床用途的细胞外囊泡的贡献。
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00421-8
Jonathan González-Ruíz, Andrea A Baccarelli, David Cantu-de-Leon, Diddier Prada

Purpose of review: This review addresses the pressing issue of air pollution's threat to human health, focusing on its connection to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. The aim is to explore the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential pathogenic mechanisms in lung cancer, including NSCLC, induced by air pollutants.

Recent findings: Recent research highlights EVs as vital mediators of intercellular communication and key contributors to cancer progression. Notably, this review emphasizes the cargo of EVs released by both cancerous and non-cancerous lung cells, shedding light on their potential role in promoting various aspects of tumor development. The review underscores the importance of comprehending the intricate interplay between air pollution, biological damage mechanisms, and EV-mediated communication during NSCLC development. Major takeaways emphasize the significance of this understanding in addressing air pollution-related lung cancer. Future research avenues are also highlighted, aiming to enhance the applicability of EVs for diagnosis and targeted therapies, ultimately mitigating the inevitable impact of air pollution on NSCLC development and treatment.

综述的目的:这篇综述探讨了空气污染威胁人类健康这一紧迫问题,重点关注空气污染与非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)发展的关系。目的是探讨细胞外囊泡(EVs)在空气污染物诱发的肺癌(包括 NSCLC)中作为潜在致病机制的作用:最新研究结果:最新研究强调,细胞外囊泡是细胞间交流的重要媒介,也是导致癌症进展的关键因素。值得注意的是,这篇综述强调了癌细胞和非癌细胞释放的 EVs 货物,揭示了它们在促进肿瘤发展的各个方面的潜在作用。这篇综述强调了在 NSCLC 发展过程中理解空气污染、生物损伤机制和 EV 介导的交流之间错综复杂的相互作用的重要性。主要启示强调了这一认识对解决空气污染相关肺癌问题的重要意义。文章还强调了未来的研究途径,旨在提高 EVs 在诊断和靶向治疗中的适用性,最终减轻空气污染对 NSCLC 发展和治疗不可避免的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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