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A State-of-the-Science Review on Metal Biomarkers. 金属生物标志物的科学现状综述。
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00402-x
Irene Martinez-Morata, Marisa Sobel, Maria Tellez-Plaza, Ana Navas-Acien, Caitlin G Howe, Tiffany R Sanchez
<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Biomarkers are commonly used in epidemiological studies to assess metals and metalloid exposure and estimate internal dose, as they integrate multiple sources and routes of exposure. Researchers are increasingly using multi-metal panels and innovative statistical methods to understand how exposure to real-world metal mixtures affects human health. Metals have both common and unique sources and routes of exposure, as well as biotransformation and elimination pathways. The development of multi-element analytical technology allows researchers to examine a broad spectrum of metals in their studies; however, their interpretation is complex as they can reflect different windows of exposure and several biomarkers have critical limitations. This review elaborates on more than 500 scientific publications to discuss major sources of exposure, biotransformation and elimination, and biomarkers of exposure and internal dose for 12 metals/metalloids, including 8 non-essential elements (arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, tin, uranium) and 4 essential elements (manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc) commonly used in multi-element analyses.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We conclude that not all metal biomarkers are adequate measures of exposure and that understanding the metabolic biotransformation and elimination of metals is key to metal biomarker interpretation. For example, whole blood is a good biomarker of exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and tin, but it is not a good indicator for barium, nickel, and uranium. For some essential metals, the interpretation of whole blood biomarkers is unclear. Urine is the most commonly used biomarker of exposure across metals but it should not be used to assess lead exposure. Essential metals such as zinc and manganese are tightly regulated by homeostatic processes; thus, elevated levels in urine may reflect body loss and metabolic processes rather than excess exposure. Total urinary arsenic may reflect exposure to both organic and inorganic arsenic, thus, arsenic speciation and adjustment for arsebonetaine are needed in populations with dietary seafood consumption. Hair and nails primarily reflect exposure to organic mercury, except in populations exposed to high levels of inorganic mercury such as in occupational and environmental settings. When selecting biomarkers, it is also critical to consider the exposure window of interest. Most populations are chronically exposed to metals in the low-to-moderate range, yet many biomarkers reflect recent exposures. Toenails are emerging biomarkers in this regard. They are reliable biomarkers of long-term exposure for arsenic, mercury, manganese, and selenium. However, more research is needed to understand the role of nails as a biomarker of exposure to other metals. Similarly, teeth are increasingly used to assess lifelong exposures to several essential and non-essential metals such as lead, including du
综述目的:生物标志物通常用于流行病学研究,以评估金属和类金属暴露并估计内部剂量,因为它们整合了多种暴露来源和途径。研究人员越来越多地使用多金属面板和创新的统计方法来了解接触真实世界的金属混合物如何影响人类健康。金属既有共同和独特的暴露来源和途径,也有生物转化和消除途径。多元分析技术的发展使研究人员能够在研究中检测广泛的金属;然而,它们的解释是复杂的,因为它们可以反映不同的暴露窗口,并且几种生物标志物具有关键的局限性。这篇综述阐述了500多篇科学出版物,讨论了12种金属/类金属的主要暴露来源、生物转化和消除,以及暴露的生物标志物和内部剂量,包括在多元素分析中常用的8种非必需元素(砷、钡、镉、铅、汞、镍、锡、铀)和4种必需元素(锰、钼、硒和锌)。最近的发现:我们得出的结论是,并非所有的金属生物标志物都是暴露的充分衡量标准,了解金属的代谢生物转化和消除是解释金属生物标志的关键。例如,全血是暴露于砷、镉、铅、汞和锡的良好生物标志物,但它不是钡、镍和铀的良好指标。对于某些必需金属,全血生物标志物的解释尚不清楚。尿液是最常用的金属接触生物标志物,但不应用于评估铅接触。锌和锰等基本金属受到稳态过程的严格调控;因此,尿液水平的升高可能反映了身体的损失和代谢过程,而不是过度暴露。尿中的总砷可能反映了对有机砷和无机砷的暴露,因此,在食用海产品的人群中,砷的形态形成和对arsebonetane的调整是必要的。头发和指甲主要反映暴露于有机汞,但暴露于高水平无机汞的人群除外,如在职业和环境环境中。在选择生物标志物时,考虑感兴趣的暴露窗口也是至关重要的。大多数人群长期暴露于中低范围的金属,但许多生物标志物反映了最近的暴露。脚趾是这方面新兴的生物标志物。它们是长期接触砷、汞、锰和硒的可靠生物标志物。然而,还需要更多的研究来了解指甲作为接触其他金属的生物标志物的作用。同样,牙齿越来越多地用于评估终身接触铅等几种必需和非必需金属的情况,包括在产前窗口期。随着金属流行病学朝着采用多种金属/混合物的方法发展,并将金属面板扩展到不太常见的研究金属,研究人员对其研究中包含的金属生物标志物拥有强大的知识基础是很重要的。这篇综述旨在帮助金属研究人员制定分析计划,促进合理的分析决策,以及对结果的适当理解和解释。
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引用次数: 0
A Systematic Review of Culture-Based Methods for Monitoring Antibiotic-Resistant Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas as Environmentally Relevant Pathogens in Wastewater and Surface Water. 废水和地表水中作为环境相关病原体的耐药不动杆菌、气单胞菌和假单胞菌培养监测方法的系统综述。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00393-9
Erin G Milligan, Jeanette Calarco, Benjamin C Davis, Ishi M Keenum, Krista Liguori, Amy Pruden, Valerie J Harwood

Purpose of review: Mounting evidence indicates that habitats such as wastewater and environmental waters are pathways for the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and mobile antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We identified antibiotic-resistant members of the genera Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas as key opportunistic pathogens that grow or persist in built (e.g., wastewater) or natural aquatic environments. Effective methods for monitoring these ARB in the environment are needed to understand their influence on dissemination of ARB and ARGs, but standard methods have not been developed. This systematic review considers peer-reviewed papers where the ARB above were cultured from wastewater or surface water, focusing on the accuracy of current methodologies.

Recent findings: Recent studies suggest that many clinically important ARGs were originally acquired from environmental microorganisms. Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas species are of interest because their ability to persist and grow in the environment provides opportunities to engage in horizontal gene transfer with other environmental bacteria. Pathogenic strains of these organisms resistant to multiple, clinically relevant drug classes have been identified as an urgent threat. However, culture methods for these bacteria were generally developed for clinical samples and are not well-vetted for environmental samples. The search criteria yielded 60 peer-reviewed articles over the past 20 years, which reported a wide variety of methods for isolation, confirmation, and antibiotic resistance assays. Based on a systematic comparison of the reported methods, we suggest a path forward for standardizing methodologies for monitoring antibiotic resistant strains of these bacteria in water environments.

综述目的:越来越多的证据表明,废水和环境水等生境是抗生素耐药菌(ARB)和移动抗生素耐药基因(ARGs)传播的途径。我们确定了不动杆菌属,气单胞菌属和假单胞菌属的抗生素耐药成员是在人造(例如废水)或自然水生环境中生长或持续存在的关键机会性病原体。需要监测环境中这些ARB的有效方法,以了解它们对ARB和ARGs传播的影响,但尚未制定标准方法。本系统综述考虑了从废水或地表水中培养上述ARB的同行评审论文,重点关注当前方法的准确性。最近的发现:最近的研究表明,许多临床重要的ARGs最初是从环境微生物中获得的。不动杆菌、气单胞菌和假单胞菌引起了人们的兴趣,因为它们在环境中持续存在和生长的能力为与其他环境细菌进行水平基因转移提供了机会。这些生物的致病菌株对多种临床相关药物具有耐药性,已被确定为一种紧迫的威胁。然而,这些细菌的培养方法通常是为临床样本开发的,并没有对环境样本进行很好的审查。在过去的20年里,搜索标准产生了60篇同行评议的文章,这些文章报道了各种各样的分离、确认和抗生素耐药性测定方法。基于对报道的方法的系统比较,我们提出了在水环境中监测这些细菌耐药菌株的标准化方法的前进道路。
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引用次数: 2
Wearable Passive Samplers for Assessing Environmental Exposure to Organic Chemicals: Current Approaches and Future Directions. 用于评估环境暴露于有机化学品的可穿戴被动采样器:目前的方法和未来的方向。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00392-w
Joseph O Okeme, Jeremy P Koelmel, Emily Johnson, Elizabeth Z Lin, Dong Gao, Krystal J Godri Pollitt

Purpose of review: We are continuously exposed to dynamic mixtures of airborne contaminants that vary by location. Understanding the compositional diversity of these complex mixtures and the levels to which we are each exposed requires comprehensive exposure assessment. This comprehensive analysis is often lacking in population-based studies due to logistic and analytical challenges associated with traditional measurement approaches involving active air sampling and chemical-by-chemical analysis. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of wearable passive samplers as alternative tools to active samplers in environmental health research. The review highlights the advances and challenges in using wearable passive samplers for assessing personal exposure to organic chemicals and further presents a framework to enable quantitative measurements of exposure and expanded use of this monitoring approach to the population scale.

Recent findings: Overall, wearable passive samplers are promising tools for assessing personal exposure to environmental contaminants, evident by the increased adoption and use of silicone-based devices in recent years. When combined with high throughput chemical analysis, these exposure assessment tools present opportunities for advancing our ability to assess personal exposures to complex mixtures. Most designs of wearable passive samplers used for assessing exposure to semi-volatile organic chemicals are currently uncalibrated, thus, are mostly used for qualitative research. The challenge with using wearable samplers for quantitative exposure assessment mostly lies with the inherent complexity in calibrating these wearable devices. Questions remain regarding how they perform under various conditions and the uncertainty of exposure estimates. As popularity of these samplers grows, it is critical to understand the uptake kinetics of chemicals and the different environmental and meteorological conditions that can introduce variability. Wearable passive samplers enable evaluation of exposure to hundreds of chemicals. The review presents the state-of-the-art of technology for assessing personal exposure to environmental chemicals. As more studies calibrate wearable samplers, these tools present promise for quantitatively assessing exposure at both the individual and population levels.

回顾的目的:我们不断地暴露在空气污染物的动态混合物中,这些污染物随地点的不同而变化。了解这些复杂混合物的成分多样性和我们每个人的暴露水平需要进行全面的暴露评估。由于涉及主动空气采样和逐化学分析的传统测量方法存在逻辑和分析方面的挑战,因此在基于人群的研究中往往缺乏这种全面的分析。本综述的目的是概述可穿戴被动采样器作为环境健康研究中主动采样器的替代工具。该综述强调了使用可穿戴式被动采样器评估个人接触有机化学品的进展和挑战,并进一步提出了一个框架,以实现接触的定量测量,并将这种监测方法扩大到人口规模。最新发现:总体而言,可穿戴被动采样器是评估个人暴露于环境污染物的有前途的工具,近年来硅基设备的采用和使用越来越多。当与高通量化学分析相结合时,这些暴露评估工具为提高我们评估个人暴露于复杂混合物的能力提供了机会。用于评估半挥发性有机化学品暴露的可穿戴被动采样器的大多数设计目前都未经校准,因此主要用于定性研究。使用可穿戴采样器进行定量暴露评估的挑战主要在于校准这些可穿戴设备的固有复杂性。关于它们在各种条件下的表现以及暴露估计的不确定性,问题仍然存在。随着这些采样器的普及,了解化学物质的吸收动力学以及可能引入变化的不同环境和气象条件至关重要。可穿戴的被动采样器可以评估数百种化学品的暴露情况。这篇综述介绍了评估个人接触环境化学品的最新技术。随着越来越多的研究校准可穿戴采样器,这些工具有望在个人和人群水平上定量评估暴露情况。
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引用次数: 2
Equitable Urban Planning: Harnessing the Power of Comprehensive Plans. 公平的城市规划:利用综合规划的力量。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00399-3
David Rojas-Rueda, Emily Morales-Zamora

Purpose of review: Describe the role of comprehensive plans in promoting health equity in urban communities. Specifically, the review aims to identify recent findings related to using comprehensive plans to shape social determinants of health and to discuss the challenges that comprehensive plans face in promoting health equity. The review also presents recommendations for how urban planners, public health practitioners, and policymakers can work together to promote health equity through comprehensive planning efforts.

Recent findings: The evidence highlights the importance of comprehensive plans in promoting health equity in communities. These plans can shape the social determinants of health, such as housing, transportation, and green space, which significantly impact health outcomes. However, comprehensive plans face challenges related to the lack of data and understanding of the social determinants of health and the need for collaboration between multiple sectors and community groups. To effectively promote health equity through comprehensive plans, a standardized framework that incorporates health equity considerations is needed. This framework should include common goals and objectives, guidance on assessing potential impacts, performance metrics, and community engagement strategies. Urban planners and local authorities play a critical role in developing clear guidelines for integrating health equity considerations into planning efforts. Harmonizing comprehensive plan requirements across the USA are also essential to ensure equitable access to opportunities for health and well-being.

审查目的:描述综合计划在促进城市社区卫生公平方面的作用。具体而言,审查旨在确定与利用综合计划塑造健康的社会决定因素有关的最新发现,并讨论综合计划在促进健康公平方面面临的挑战。报告还就城市规划者、公共卫生从业人员和决策者如何通过全面规划工作共同促进卫生公平提出了建议。最近的发现:证据突出了全面计划在促进社区卫生公平方面的重要性。这些计划可以塑造健康的社会决定因素,如住房、交通和绿色空间,这将对健康结果产生重大影响。然而,综合计划面临着与缺乏数据和对健康的社会决定因素的了解以及需要在多个部门和社区团体之间进行合作有关的挑战。为了通过综合计划有效促进卫生公平,需要一个纳入卫生公平考虑因素的标准化框架。该框架应包括共同目标和目的、评估潜在影响的指导、绩效指标和社区参与策略。城市规划者和地方当局在制定将卫生公平考虑纳入规划工作的明确准则方面发挥着关键作用。协调全美国的综合计划要求对于确保公平获得保健和福利机会也至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
A Decision Framework for Selecting Critically Important Nutrients from Aquatic Foods. 从水产食品中选择重要营养素的决策框架。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00397-5
Jessica Zamborain-Mason, Daniel Viana, Khristopher Nicholas, Erin D Jackson, J Zachary Koehn, Simone Passarelli, Seo-Hyun Yoo, Angela W Zhang, Hannah C Davin, Christopher P Duggan, Josef Schmidhuber, Christopher D Golden

Purpose of review: Aquatic foods are increasingly being recognized as a diverse, bioavailable source of nutrients, highlighting the importance of fisheries and aquaculture for human nutrition. However, studies focusing on the nutrient supply of aquatic foods often differ in the nutrients they examine, potentially biasing their contribution to nutrition security and leading to ineffective policies or management decisions.

Recent findings: We create a decision framework to effectively select nutrients in aquatic food research based on three key domains: human physiological importance, nutritional needs of the target population (demand), and nutrient availability in aquatic foods compared to other accessible dietary sources (supply). We highlight 41 nutrients that are physiologically important, exemplify the importance of aquatic foods relative to other food groups in the food system in terms of concentration per 100 g and apparent consumption, and provide future research pathways that we consider of high importance for aquatic food nutrition. Overall, our study provides a framework to select focal nutrients in aquatic food research and ensures a methodical approach to quantifying the importance of aquatic foods for nutrition security and public health.

综述目的:人们越来越认识到水产食品是一种多样化的、生物可利用的营养来源,这凸显了渔业和水产养殖对人类营养的重要性。然而,侧重于水生食品营养供应的研究往往在审查的营养素方面存在差异,这可能会影响其对营养安全的贡献,并导致无效的政策或管理决策。我们基于三个关键领域创建了一个决策框架,以有效地选择水产食品研究中的营养素:人类生理重要性,目标人群的营养需求(需求),以及与其他可获得的膳食来源相比,水产食品中的营养可用性(供应)。我们强调了41种生理上重要的营养物质,举例说明了水生食物相对于食物系统中其他食物组的重要性,就每100克的浓度和表观消耗量而言,并提供了我们认为对水生食物营养具有高度重要性的未来研究途径。总之,我们的研究提供了一个框架,选择重点营养素的水产食品研究,并确保有系统的方法来量化水产食品对营养安全和公众健康的重要性。
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引用次数: 5
Environmental Exposure Disparities and Neurodevelopmental Risk: a Review. 环境暴露差异与神经发育风险:综述。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00396-6
Aisha S Dickerson, Seth Frndak, Melissa DeSantiago, Ankita Mohan, Genee S Smith

Purpose of review: Neurotoxicant exposures are of particular concern in historically marginalized communities. Often a consequence of structural racism, low-income minoritized populations experience a disproportionate burden of hazardous exposures through proximity to industrial facilities, high traffic roads, and suboptimal housing. Here, we summarize reports on exposures and neurodevelopment focused on differences by education, income, race/ethnicity, or immigration status from 2015 to 2022, discuss the importance of such investigations in overburdened communities, and recommend areas for future research.

Recent findings: We found 20 studies that investigated exposure disparities and neurodevelopment in children. Most were conducted in the USA, and many focused on air pollution, followed by metal exposures and water contamination. Although several studies showed differences in exposure-outcome associations by income and education, many examining differences by race/ethnicity did not report notable disparities between groups. However, measures of individual race and ethnicity are not reliable measures of discrimination experienced as a consequence of structural racism. Our review supports scientific evidence that the reduction of individual and widespread municipal exposures will improve child development and overall public health. Identified research gaps include the use of better indicators of economic status and structural racism, evaluations of effect modification and attributable fraction of outcomes by these factors, and considerations of multidimensional neighborhood factors that could be protective against environmental insults. Considering that vulnerable populations have disparities in access to and quality of care, greater burden of exposure, and fewer resources to incur associated expenses, such populations should be prioritized.

审查目的:历史上被边缘化的社区对神经毒物的暴露尤为关注。结构性种族主义通常会导致低收入的少数群体因靠近工业设施、交通繁忙的道路和不理想的住房而承受过重的有害物质暴露负担。在此,我们总结了从 2015 年到 2022 年有关暴露和神经发育的报告,重点关注教育、收入、种族/民族或移民身份的差异,讨论了在负担过重的社区开展此类调查的重要性,并就未来的研究领域提出了建议:我们发现了 20 项调查儿童暴露差异和神经发育的研究。大多数研究都是在美国进行的,许多研究侧重于空气污染,其次是金属暴露和水污染。虽然有几项研究显示了不同收入和教育程度的暴露与结果之间的差异,但许多研究在探讨不同种族/族裔的差异时,并没有报告不同群体之间存在明显的差异。然而,对个人种族和族裔的衡量并不能可靠地衡量因结构性种族主义而遭受的歧视。我们的研究支持这样的科学证据,即减少个人和广泛的城市接触将改善儿童发展和整体公共健康。已发现的研究空白包括:使用更好的经济状况和结构性种族主义指标、评估这些因素对结果的影响修正和可归因部分,以及考虑可对环境污染起到保护作用的多维邻里因素。考虑到弱势群体在获得医疗服务和医疗服务质量方面存在差异、暴露于环境的负担更重、可用于支付相关费用的资源更少,因此应优先考虑这些人群。
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引用次数: 0
The Gut Microbiome and Residential Surrounding Greenness: a Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence. 肠道微生物组和居住环境绿化:流行病学证据的系统回顾。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00398-4
Thessa Van Pee, Tim S Nawrot, Romy van Leeuwen, Janneke Hogervorst

Purpose of review: A healthy indigenous intestinal microbiome is essential for human health. Well-established gut microbiome determinants only explain 16% of the inter-individual variation in gut microbiome composition. Recent studies have focused on green space as a potential determinant of the intestinal microbiome. We systematically summarize all evidence concerning the association between green space and intestinal bacterial diversity, evenness, and richness indices, specific bacterial taxa, and potential underlying mechanisms.

Recent findings: Seven epidemiological studies were included in this review. The majority of the included studies (n = 4) reported a positive association between green space and intestinal bacterial diversity, evenness, and richness, while two reported the opposite. There was little overlap between the publications regarding the association between green space and the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Only a decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, and Anaerostipes and an increase in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were reported in multiple studies, predominantly suggesting that green space is positively associated with the intestinal microbiome composition, and subsequently with human health. Lastly, the only examined mechanism was a reduction in perceived psychosocial stress. Mechanisms indicated in blue and white represent tested or hypothesized mechanisms, respectively. The graphical abstract was created with illustrations from BioRender, Noun Project, and Pngtree.

综述目的:健康的本地肠道微生物群对人类健康至关重要。确定的肠道微生物组决定因素只能解释16%的肠道微生物组组成的个体间差异。最近的研究集中在绿色空间作为肠道微生物群的潜在决定因素。我们系统地总结了绿地与肠道细菌多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数、特定细菌分类群及其潜在机制之间的关系。最新发现:本综述纳入了7项流行病学研究。大多数纳入的研究(n = 4)报告了绿地与肠道细菌多样性、均匀性和丰富度之间的正相关,而两项研究报告了相反的结果。关于绿地与特定细菌分类群相对丰度之间关系的出版物之间几乎没有重叠。多项研究仅报道了拟杆菌门、拟杆菌门和厌氧菌门的相对丰度下降,而毛缕菌科和瘤胃球菌科的相对丰度增加,这主要表明绿地与肠道微生物组组成呈正相关,进而与人类健康呈正相关。最后,唯一检查的机制是减少感知到的社会心理压力。蓝色和白色表示的机制分别代表测试或假设的机制。图形摘要是用来自BioRender、名词项目和Pngtree的插图创建的。
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引用次数: 0
Early Environment and Telomeres: a Long-Term Toxic Relationship. 早期环境与端粒:一种长期毒性关系。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00395-7
José Francisco Herrera-Moreno, Diddier Prada, Andrea A Baccarelli

Purpose of review: Telomere length (TL) shortening is a hallmark of biological aging. While studies have extensively focused on the impact of environmental exposures on TL in older populations, consistent evidence indicates that prenatal environmental exposures to air pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals influence TL shortening. Here, we summarize evidence linking prenatal environmental exposures with children's TL and discuss potential long-term effects.

Recent findings: Current evidence shows that prenatal environmental exposures alter TL and identify pregnancy as a critical window of susceptibility for telomere damage in children. However, results vary across studies, possibly depending on the source, exposure time window, and stage evaluated. Additional research is needed to investigate whether early TL alterations mediate long-term health effects of offspring. Prenatal environmental exposures induce early childhood changes in TL. Based on known links between TL and biological aging, these alterations may have long-term impact on individuals' health throughout life.

综述目的:端粒长度缩短是生物衰老的标志。虽然研究广泛关注环境暴露对老年人群TL的影响,但一致的证据表明,产前环境暴露于空气污染物、多环芳烃、金属和内分泌干扰化学物质会影响TL的缩短。在这里,我们总结了将产前环境暴露与儿童TL联系起来的证据,并讨论了潜在的长期影响。最近的发现:目前的证据表明,产前环境暴露会改变TL,并将妊娠确定为儿童端粒损伤易感性的关键窗口。然而,研究结果各不相同,可能取决于来源、暴露时间窗口和评估阶段。需要进行更多的研究来调查早期TL的改变是否会对后代的长期健康产生影响。产前环境暴露会导致儿童早期TL的变化。基于TL与生物衰老之间的已知联系,这些变化可能会对个人一生的健康产生长期影响。
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引用次数: 0
Interventions to Reduce Exposure to Synthetic Phenols and Phthalates from Dietary Intake and Personal Care Products: a Scoping Review. 减少膳食摄入和个人护理产品中合成酚和邻苯二甲酸盐暴露的干预措施:范围综述。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00394-8
Tiffany C Yang, Nicolas Jovanovic, Felisha Chong, Meegan Worcester, Amrit K Sakhi, Cathrine Thomsen, Ronan Garlantézec, Cécile Chevrier, Génon Jensen, Natacha Cingotti, Maribel Casas, Rosemary Rc McEachan, Martine Vrijheid, Claire Philippat

Purpose of review: A scoping review was conducted to identify interventions that successfully alter biomarker concentrations of phenols, glycol ethers, and phthalates resulting from dietary intake and personal care product (PCPs) use.

Recent findings: Twenty-six interventions in populations ranging from children to older adults were identified; 11 actively removed or replaced products, 9 provided products containing the chemicals being studied, and 6 were education-only based interventions. Twelve interventions manipulated only dietary intake with a focus on bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, 8 studies intervened only on PCPs use and focused on a wider range of chemicals including BPA, phthalates, triclosan, parabens, and ultraviolet absorbers, while 6 studies intervened on both diet and PCPs and focused on phthalates, parabens, and BPA and its alternatives. No studies assessed glycol ethers. All but five studies reported results in the expected direction, with interventions removing potential sources of exposures lowering EDC concentrations and interventions providing exposures increasing EDC concentrations. Short interventions lasting a few days were successful. Barriers to intervention success included participant compliance and unintentional contamination of products. The identified interventions were generally successful but illustrated the influence of participant motivation, compliance, ease of intervention adherence, and the difficulty of fully removing exposures due their ubiquity and the difficulties of identifying "safer" replacement products. Policy which reduces or removes EDC in manufacturing and processing across multiple sectors, rather than individual behavior change, may have the greatest impact on population exposure.

综述目的:进行了一项范围综述,以确定成功改变饮食摄入和个人护理产品(pcp)使用导致的酚类、乙二醇醚和邻苯二甲酸盐生物标志物浓度的干预措施。最近的发现:确定了从儿童到老年人的26项干预措施;11个主动移除或替换了产品,9个提供了含有所研究化学物质的产品,6个是仅基于教育的干预措施。其中12项研究仅对饮食摄入进行干预,重点关注双酚a (BPA)和邻苯二甲酸酯;8项研究仅对pcp的使用进行干预,重点关注更广泛的化学物质,包括双酚a、邻苯二甲酸酯、三氯生、对羟基苯甲酸酯和紫外线吸收剂;6项研究同时对饮食和pcp进行干预,重点关注邻苯二甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸酯、双酚a及其替代品。没有研究评估乙二醇醚。除5项研究外,其他研究均报告了预期的结果,即消除潜在暴露源的干预措施降低了EDC浓度,而提供暴露的干预措施则增加了EDC浓度。持续几天的短期干预是成功的。干预成功的障碍包括参与者的依从性和产品的无意污染。确定的干预措施总体上是成功的,但也说明了参与者动机、依从性、干预依从性的影响,以及由于无处不在而难以完全消除暴露的困难,以及确定“更安全”的替代产品的困难。在多个部门减少或消除制造业和加工业中的EDC的政策,而不是改变个人行为,可能对人口暴露产生最大影响。
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引用次数: 1
A Systematic Review of the Placental Translocation of Micro- and Nanoplastics. 微纳米塑料胎盘易位的系统综述。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00391-x
Eleanor A Medley, Miranda J Spratlen, Beizhan Yan, Julie B Herbstman, Maya A Deyssenroth

Purpose of review: Despite increasing awareness of the ubiquity of microplastics (MPs) in our environments, little is known about their risk of developmental toxicity. Even less is known about the environmental distribution and associated toxicity of nanoplastics (NPs). Here, we review the current literature on the capacity for MPs and NPs to be transported across the placental barrier and the potential to exert toxicity on the developing fetus.

Recent findings: This review includes 11 research articles covering in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models, and observational studies. The current literature confirms the placental translocation of MPs and NPs, depending on physicochemical properties such as size, charge, and chemical modification as well as protein corona formation. Specific transport mechanisms for translocation remain unclear. There is emerging evidence of placental and fetal toxicity due to plastic particles based on animal and in vitro studies. Nine out of eleven studies examined in this review found that plastic particles were capable of placental translocation. In the future, more studies are needed to confirm and quantify the existence of MPs and NPs in human placentas. Additionally, translocation of different plastic particle types and heterogenous mixtures across the placenta, exposure at different periods of gestation, and associations with adverse birth and other developmental outcomes should also be investigated.

综述目的:尽管人们越来越意识到微塑料(MPs)在我们的环境中无处不在,但人们对它们的发育毒性风险知之甚少。人们对纳米塑料的环境分布和相关毒性的了解就更少了。在这里,我们回顾了MPs和NPs通过胎盘屏障运输的能力以及对发育中的胎儿施加毒性的潜力。最新发现:本综述包括11篇研究论文,涵盖体外、体内和离体模型以及观察性研究。目前的文献证实了MPs和NPs的胎盘易位,这取决于物理化学性质,如大小、电荷、化学修饰以及蛋白质冠的形成。易位的具体转运机制尚不清楚。基于动物和体外研究,越来越多的证据表明塑料颗粒对胎盘和胎儿有毒性。在本综述中,11项研究中有9项发现塑料颗粒能够导致胎盘易位。在未来,需要更多的研究来证实和量化人胎盘中MPs和NPs的存在。此外,还应调查不同塑料颗粒类型和异质混合物在胎盘中的易位,妊娠不同时期的暴露,以及与不良出生和其他发育结果的关系。
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引用次数: 3
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Current Environmental Health Reports
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