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Public Health Risks of PFAS-Related Immunotoxicity Are Real. 与 PFAS 相关的免疫毒性的公共健康风险是真实存在的。
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00441-y
Abigail P Bline, Jamie C DeWitt, Carol F Kwiatkowski, Katherine E Pelch, Anna Reade, Julia R Varshavsky

Purpose of review: The discovery of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment and humans worldwide has ignited scientific research, government inquiry, and public concern over numerous adverse health effects associated with PFAS exposure. In this review, we discuss the use of PFAS immunotoxicity data in regulatory and clinical decision-making contexts and question whether recent efforts adequately account for PFAS immunotoxicity in public health decision-making.

Recent findings: Government and academic reviews confirm the strongest human evidence for PFAS immunotoxicity is reduced antibody production in response to vaccinations, particularly for tetanus and diphtheria. However, recent events, such as the economic analysis supporting the proposed national primary drinking water regulations and clinical monitoring recommendations, indicate a failure to adequately incorporate these data into regulatory and clinical decisions. To be more protective of public health, we recommend using all relevant immunotoxicity data to inform current and future PFAS-related chemical risk assessment and regulation. Biological measures of immune system effects, such as reduced antibody levels in response to vaccination, should be used as valid and informative markers of health outcomes and risks associated with PFAS exposure. Routine toxicity testing should be expanded to include immunotoxicity evaluations in adult and developing organisms. In addition, clinical recommendations for PFAS-exposed individuals and communities should be revisited and strengthened to provide guidance on incorporating immune system monitoring and other actions that can be taken to protect against adverse health outcomes.

审查目的:全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)在全球环境和人体中的发现引发了科学研究、政府调查以及公众对与接触 PFAS 相关的多种不良健康影响的关注。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了在监管和临床决策中使用 PFAS 免疫毒性数据的情况,并质疑近期的工作是否在公共卫生决策中充分考虑了 PFAS 免疫毒性:政府和学术界的审查证实,PFAS 免疫毒性最有力的人体证据是接种疫苗(尤其是破伤风和白喉疫苗)后抗体生成减少。然而,最近发生的一些事件,如支持拟议的国家初级饮用水法规和临床监测建议的经济分析,表明这些数据未能充分纳入监管和临床决策。为了更好地保护公众健康,我们建议使用所有相关的免疫毒性数据,为当前和未来的全氟辛烷磺酸相关化学品风险评估和监管提供信息。免疫系统影响的生物措施,如接种疫苗后抗体水平降低,应作为健康结果和与 PFAS 暴露相关的风险的有效且信息丰富的标记。应扩大常规毒性测试的范围,纳入对成年和发育中生物的免疫毒性评估。此外,应重新审查和加强针对接触全氟辛烷磺酸的个人和社区的临床建议,为纳入免疫系统监测和其他可采取的行动提供指导,以防止不良健康后果。
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引用次数: 0
Consideration on the Intergenerational Ethics on Uranium Waste Disposal. 考虑铀废物处理的代际伦理问题。
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00442-x
Hiroshi Yasuda, Hiromichi Fumoto, Tatsuo Saito, Shin-Etsu Sugawara, Shoji Tsuchida

Purpose of review: This review provides insights into resolving intergenerational issues related to the disposal of waste containing high amounts of uranium (uranium waste), from which distant future generations will have higher health risks than the current generation.

Recent findings: Uranium (half-life: 4.5 billion years) produces various progeny radionuclides through radioactive decay over the long term, and its radioactivity, as the sum of its contributions, continues to increase for more than 100,000 years. In contrast to high-level radioactive wastes, protective measures, such as attenuation of radiation and confinement of radionuclides from the disposal facility, cannot work effectively for uranium waste. Thus, additional considerations from the perspective of intergenerational ethics are needed in the strategy for uranium waste disposal. The current generation, which has benefited from the use and disposal of uranium waste, is responsible for protecting future generations from the potential risk of buried uranium beyond the lifetime of a disposal facility. Fulfilling this responsibility means making more creative efforts to convey critical information on buried materials to the distant future to ensure that future generations can properly take measures to reduce the harm by themselves in response to changing circumstances including people's values.

审查目的:本综述深入探讨了如何解决与处置含大量铀的废物(铀废物)有关的代际问题,因为这些废物对后代造成的健康风险高于当代人:最新发现:铀(半衰期:45 亿年)通过长期放射性衰变产生各种后代放射性核素,其放射性作为其贡献的总和,在超过 10 万年的时间里持续增加。与高放射性废物不同的是,辐射衰减和将放射性核素封闭在处置设施之外等保护措施无法对铀废物有效发挥作用。因此,在铀废料处置战略中,需要从代际伦理的角度进行额外的考虑。这一代人从铀废料的使用和处置中获益,他们有责任保护子孙后代在处置设施寿命结束后免受被掩埋铀的潜在风险。履行这一责任意味着要做出更多创造性的努力,向遥远的未来传递有关掩埋材料的重要信息,以确保后代能够根据不断变化的情况(包括人们的价值观),自行采取适当的措施来减少危害。
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引用次数: 0
Airborne Exposure to Pollutants and Mental Health: A Review with Implications for United States Veterans. 暴露于空气中的污染物与心理健康:对美国退伍军人影响的综述》。
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00437-8
Andrew J Hoisington, Kelly A Stearns-Yoder, Elizabeth J Kovacs, Teodor T Postolache, Lisa A Brenner

Purpose of review: Inhalation of airborne pollutants in the natural and built environment is ubiquitous; yet, exposures are different across a lifespan and unique to individuals. Here, we reviewed the connections between mental health outcomes from airborne pollutant exposures, the biological inflammatory mechanisms, and provide future directions for researchers and policy makers. The current state of knowledge is discussed on associations between mental health outcomes and Clean Air Act criteria pollutants, traffic-related air pollutants, pesticides, heavy metals, jet fuel, and burn pits.

Recent findings: Although associations between airborne pollutants and negative physical health outcomes have been a topic of previous investigations, work highlighting associations between exposures and psychological health is only starting to emerge. Research on criteria pollutants and mental health outcomes has the most robust results to date, followed by traffic-related air pollutants, and then pesticides. In contrast, scarce mental health research has been conducted on exposure to heavy metals, jet fuel, and burn pits. Specific cohorts of individuals, such as United States military members and in-turn, Veterans, often have unique histories of exposures, including service-related exposures to aircraft (e.g. jet fuels) and burn pits. Research focused on Veterans and other individuals with an increased likelihood of exposure and higher vulnerability to negative mental health outcomes is needed. Future research will facilitate knowledge aimed at both prevention and intervention to improve physical and mental health among military personnel, Veterans, and other at-risk individuals.

审查目的:在自然和建筑环境中吸入空气传播的污染物无处不在;然而,人的一生中接触到的污染物是不同的,而且因人而异。在此,我们回顾了暴露于空气传播污染物所导致的心理健康后果与生物炎症机制之间的联系,并为研究人员和政策制定者提供了未来的发展方向。我们讨论了心理健康结果与《清洁空气法案》标准污染物、交通相关空气污染物、杀虫剂、重金属、喷气燃料和焚烧坑之间关系的知识现状:尽管空气传播的污染物与负面身体健康结果之间的关联是以往调查的一个主题,但强调暴露与心理健康之间关联的工作才刚刚开始出现。迄今为止,有关标准污染物和心理健康结果的研究结果最为可靠,其次是与交通有关的空气污染物,然后是杀虫剂。相比之下,有关重金属、喷气燃料和焚烧坑暴露的心理健康研究却很少。特定人群,如美国军人和退伍军人,往往有独特的暴露历史,包括与服役有关的飞机(如喷气燃料)和焚烧坑暴露。需要对退伍军人和其他更有可能暴露于负面心理健康结果且更易受到负面心理健康结果影响的人进行重点研究。未来的研究将有助于了解预防和干预措施,以改善军人、退伍军人和其他高危人群的身心健康。
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引用次数: 0
Respiratory Exposure to Highly Fluorinated Chemicals via Application of Ski Wax and Related Health Effects. 通过涂抹滑雪蜡呼吸道接触高氟化学品及相关健康影响。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00425-4
Kathryn A Crawford, Nicola Hartmann

Purpose: Waxes containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are applied to the base of skis and snowboards ("skis") to reduce friction with the snow surface and improve glide. PFAS exposure can adversely impact cardiometabolic, thyroid, liver, kidney, reproductive, and immune health and are associated with increased risk of certain cancers. In the present review, we summarize the state of the science on PFAS exposure from fluorinated ski wax use, including acute respiratory health effects and PFAS concentrations in biological and environmental media collected from ski waxing settings.

Recent findings: Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) concentrations in serum and air collected from professional wax technicians and the rooms where waxes are applied are among the highest of any occupation investigated to date, including the fluorochemical industry. High airborne concentrations of fluorotelomer alcohols contribute to high body burdens of certain PFCAs among ski waxers. Fluorinated ski waxes are a significant source of PFAS exposure for people waxing skis and/or spending time in areas where waxing occurs. We highlight recommendations for future research, policy, and technologies needed to address PFAS exposures from fluorinated wax use.

目的:含有全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的蜡被涂抹在滑雪板和滑雪板("滑雪板")的底部,以减少与雪面的摩擦,提高滑行性能。接触 PFAS 会对心脏代谢、甲状腺、肝脏、肾脏、生殖和免疫健康产生不利影响,并增加罹患某些癌症的风险。在本综述中,我们总结了因使用含氟滑雪蜡而接触 PFAS 的科学现状,包括对急性呼吸系统健康的影响以及从滑雪打蜡环境中收集的生物和环境介质中的 PFAS 浓度:从专业打蜡技师和打蜡室收集到的血清和空气中的全氟烷基羧酸(PFCA)浓度是迄今为止所调查的所有职业(包括氟化工行业)中最高的。空气中氟橡胶醇的高浓度导致了滑雪蜡工体内某些全氟辛酸的高负担。含氟滑雪蜡是滑雪板打蜡者和/或在打蜡区域工作的人接触 PFAS 的重要来源。我们着重强调了未来研究、政策和技术方面的建议,以解决使用含氟雪蜡导致的 PFAS 暴露问题。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicological Effects of Inhaled Crude Oil Vapor. 吸入原油蒸汽的毒理效应。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00429-8
Jeffrey S Fedan, Janet A Thompson, Tina M Sager, Jenny R Roberts, Pius Joseph, Kristine Krajnak, Hong Kan, Krishnan Sriram, Lisa M Weatherly, Stacey E Anderson

Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to assess the toxicological consequences of crude oil vapor (COV) exposure in the workplace through evaluation of the most current epidemiologic and laboratory-based studies in the literature.

Recent findings: Crude oil is a naturally occuring mixture of hydrocarbon deposits, inorganic and organic chemical compounds. Workers engaged in upstream processes of oil extraction are exposed to a number of risks and hazards, including getting crude oil on their skin or inhaling crude oil vapor. There have been several reports of workers who died as a result of inhalation of high levels of COV released upon opening thief hatches atop oil storage tanks. Although many investigations into the toxicity of specific hydrocarbons following inhalation during downstream oil processing have been conducted, there is a paucity of information on the potential toxicity of COV exposure itself. This review assesses current knowledge of the toxicological consequences of exposures to COV in the workplace.

审查目的:本综述的目的是通过评估文献中最新的流行病学和实验室研究来评估工作场所接触原油蒸汽 (COV) 的毒理学后果:原油是一种天然存在的碳氢化合物、无机和有机化合物的混合物。从事上游石油开采工作的工人会面临许多风险和危险,包括皮肤沾上原油或吸入原油蒸汽。曾有多份报告称,工人在打开储油罐顶部的防盗舱门时吸入高浓度的 COV 后死亡。虽然已经对下游石油加工过程中吸入特定碳氢化合物后的毒性进行了多次调查,但有关 COV 暴露本身潜在毒性的信息却很少。本综述评估了目前对工作场所接触 COV 的毒理学后果的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Conceptualizing the Role of the Microbiome as a Mediator and Modifier in Environmental Health Studies: A Scoping Review of Studies of Triclosan and the Microbiome. 将微生物组作为环境健康研究中的媒介和调节因子的作用概念化:三氯生和微生物组研究范围综述》。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00428-9
Hannah E Laue, Aislinn J Gilmour, Valerie M Tirado, Megan E Romano

Purpose of review: Triclosan is an endocrine-disrupting antimicrobial additive that is suspected of contributing to antibiotic resistance and altering the microbiome. In this scoping review, we summarize what is known about the association between triclosan exposure and the microbiome using evidence from in vivo and epidemiologic studies.

Recent findings: Our review includes 11 rodent studies, seven fish studies, and five human studies. Evidence from animal studies suggests that triclosan decreases the diversity of the microbiome, although only one epidemiologic study agreed. Most studies suggest that triclosan alters the microbial community beta diversity, but disagree on which taxa contributed to compositional differences. Taxa in the Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria may be more influenced by triclosan than those in other phyla. Studies on triclosan and the microbiome were scarce and were inconclusive as to the effects of triclosan on the microbiome. Additional research is needed to clarify windows of heightened susceptibility of the microbiome to triclosan. We recommend guidelines for future microbiome research in environmental health to increase comparability across studies.

审查目的:三氯生是一种干扰内分泌的抗菌添加剂,被怀疑会导致抗生素耐药性并改变微生物组。在这篇范围界定综述中,我们利用体内研究和流行病学研究的证据,总结了目前已知的三氯生暴露与微生物组之间的关系:我们的综述包括 11 项啮齿动物研究、7 项鱼类研究和 5 项人类研究。动物研究的证据表明,三氯生会降低微生物组的多样性,但只有一项流行病学研究对此表示认同。大多数研究表明,三氯生改变了微生物群落 beta 的多样性,但对哪些分类群造成了组成差异却存在分歧。与其他门类相比,类杆菌科、固形菌科和变形菌科的分类群可能更容易受到三氯生的影响。有关三氯生和微生物组的研究很少,对三氯生对微生物组的影响也没有定论。需要进行更多的研究,以明确微生物组对三氯生敏感性增强的窗口期。我们建议为未来环境健康领域的微生物组研究制定指导方针,以提高各项研究的可比性。
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引用次数: 0
Climate Change Adaptation Methods for Public Health Prevention in Australia: an Integrative Review. 澳大利亚公共卫生预防的气候变化适应方法:综合评述。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00422-7
Tony G Walter, Lisa K Bricknell, Robyn G Preston, Elise G C Crawford

Purpose of review: Climate change poses a serious threat to human health and well-being. Australia is not immune to the public health impacts and continues to be underprepared, putting the population health at risk. However, there is a dearth in knowledge about how the Australian public health system will address the impacts of climate change.

Recent findings: This integrative review synthesises tools, frameworks, and guidance material suitable for climate change adaptation from a preventive public health perspective. The literature search was conducted in electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Of 4507 articles identified, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria that focused on operational methods in public health and excluded the clinical context and reactive disaster response approaches. This review revealed that Australia is ill-prepared to manage climate change adverse health impacts due to ineffective adaptation strategies. The review highlights that Australia urgently requires effective adaptation strategies such as undertaking a National Adaptation Plan process and an improved understanding in managing complex health risks. Taking this action will strengthen the public health system and build health resilience especially for vulnerable populations. These findings will help understand and develop of the necessary adaptive strategies in Australia.

审查目的:气候变化对人类健康和福祉构成严重威胁。澳大利亚也不能幸免于气候变化对公共卫生造成的影响,而且仍然准备不足,从而危及民众健康。然而,人们对澳大利亚公共卫生系统如何应对气候变化的影响还缺乏了解:本综合综述从预防性公共卫生的角度,对适合气候变化适应的工具、框架和指导材料进行了归纳。文献检索在电子数据库 MEDLINE、PubMed、CINAHL 和 Web of Science 中进行。在检索到的 4507 篇文章中,有 19 篇文章符合纳入标准,这些文章侧重于公共卫生领域的操作方法,但不包括临床环境和被动的灾难应对方法。综述显示,由于适应策略不力,澳大利亚在应对气候变化对健康的不利影响方面准备不足。审查强调,澳大利亚迫切需要有效的适应战略,如开展国家适应计划进程,并提高对管理复杂健康风险的认识。采取这一行动将加强公共卫生系统,尤其是弱势群体的健康恢复能力。这些研究结果将有助于了解和制定澳大利亚必要的适应战略。
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引用次数: 0
The Application of Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Heat Island Mitigation in Asia: Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations. 亚洲应用基于自然的城市热岛减缓解决方案:进展、挑战和建议》。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00427-2
Logaraj Ramakreshnan, Nasrin Aghamohammadi

Purpose of review: Unprecedented urbanization in Asia affects the net radiation and energy flux of urban areas in the form of urban heat islands (UHI). The application of nature-based solutions (NbS) via urban green and blue infrastructures is a promising approach to mitigate UHI via urban boundary condition modifications, which affect the energy balance. This narrative review discusses the application of green and blue infrastructures in the Asian context by highlighting its progress, challenges, and recommendations. This review is descriptive in nature and includes perspectives on the discussed topics.

Recent findings: Studies on the application of green and blue infrastructures in UHI mitigation are still scant in Asia. Their cooling performance is greatly influenced by their types, size, geometry, surface roughness, spread (threshold distance), temporal scales, topography, pollution levels, prevailing climate, and assessment techniques. Distinct urban characteristics, climatic conditions, environmental risks, lack of awareness and expertise, lack of policy and government incentives, and limited scientific studies are the major challenges in their implementation of UHI mitigation in Asia. Although green and blue infrastructures are associated with urban cooling, more in-depth experimental work and multidisciplinary research collaboration are paramount to exploring its implementation potential in Asia and other countries that share similar urban and environmental characteristics.

审查目的:亚洲前所未有的城市化进程以城市热岛(UHI)的形式影响着城市地区的净辐射和能量通量。通过城市绿色和蓝色基础设施应用基于自然的解决方案(NbS),是通过改变影响能量平衡的城市边界条件来缓解 UHI 的一种可行方法。本综述通过强调进展、挑战和建议,讨论了绿色和蓝色基础设施在亚洲的应用。本综述具有描述性,包括对所讨论主题的观点:在亚洲,有关绿色和蓝色基础设施在减缓 UHI 方面应用的研究仍然很少。它们的降温性能受其类型、大小、几何形状、表面粗糙度、扩散(阈值距离)、时间尺度、地形、污染程度、盛行气候和评估技术的影响很大。鲜明的城市特征、气候条件、环境风险、意识和专业知识的缺乏、政策和政府激励措施的缺乏以及有限的科学研究是亚洲实施减缓 UHI 的主要挑战。尽管绿色和蓝色基础设施与城市降温有关,但更深入的实验工作和多学科研究合作对于探索其在亚洲和其他具有类似城市和环境特征的国家的实施潜力至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Global Research on Natural Disasters and Human Health: a Mapping Study Using Natural Language Processing Techniques. 自然灾害与人类健康的全球研究:使用自然语言处理技术的制图研究。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00418-3
Xin Ye, Hugo Lin

Purpose of review: This review aimed to systematically synthesize the global evidence base for natural disasters and human health using natural language processing (NLP) techniques.

Recent findings: We searched Embase, PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Web of Science Core Collection, using titles, abstracts, and keywords, and included only literature indexed in English. NLP techniques, including text classification, topic modeling, and geoparsing methods, were used to systematically identify and map scientific literature on natural disasters and human health published between January 1, 2012, and April 3, 2022. We predicted 6105 studies in the area of natural disasters and human health. Earthquakes, hurricanes, and tsunamis were the most frequent nature disasters; posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression were the most frequently studied health outcomes; mental health services were the most common way of coping. Geographically, the evidence base was dominated by studies from high-income countries. Co-occurrence of natural disasters and psychological distress was common. Psychological distress was one of the top three most frequent topics in all continents except Africa, where infectious diseases was the most prevalent topic. Our findings demonstrated the importance and feasibility of using NLP to comprehensively map natural disasters and human health in the growing literature. The review identifies clear topics for future clinical and public health research and can provide an empirical basis for reducing the negative health effects of natural disasters.

综述目的:本综述旨在利用自然语言处理技术系统地综合全球自然灾害与人类健康的证据基础。最近的发现:我们检索了Embase、PubMed、Scopus、PsycInfo和Web of Science Core Collection,使用标题、摘要和关键字,并且只包括以英文索引的文献。采用自然语言处理技术,包括文本分类、主题建模和地质解析方法,系统地识别和绘制了2012年1月1日至2022年4月3日期间发表的关于自然灾害和人类健康的科学文献。我们预测在自然灾害和人类健康领域有6105项研究。地震、飓风和海啸是最常见的自然灾害;创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和抑郁症是最常被研究的健康结果;心理健康服务是最常见的应对方式。从地理上看,证据基础主要是来自高收入国家的研究。自然灾害和心理困扰的共同发生是很常见的。心理困扰是除非洲以外各大洲最常见的三大话题之一,在非洲,传染病是最普遍的话题。我们的研究结果表明,在越来越多的文献中,使用NLP全面绘制自然灾害和人类健康地图的重要性和可行性。该审查确定了未来临床和公共卫生研究的明确主题,并可为减少自然灾害对健康的负面影响提供经验基础。
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引用次数: 0
Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke on Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 野火烟雾对儿童和青少年健康的影响:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00420-9
Yiwen Zhang, Ye Tingting, Wenzhong Huang, Pei Yu, Gongbo Chen, Rongbin Xu, Jiangning Song, Yuming Guo, Shanshan Li

Purpose of review: Wildfire smoke is associated with human health, becoming an increasing public health concern. However, a comprehensive synthesis of the current evidence on the health impacts of ambient wildfire smoke on children and adolescents, an exceptionally vulnerable population, is lacking. We conduct a systematic review of peer-reviewed epidemiological studies on the association between wildfire smoke and health of children and adolescents.

Recent findings: We searched for studies available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus from database inception up to October 11, 2022. Of 4926 studies initially identified, 59 studies from 14 countries were ultimately eligible. Over 33.3% of the studies were conducted in the USA, and two focused on multi-countries. The exposure assessment of wildfire smoke was heterogenous, with wildfire-specific particulate matters with diameters ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5, 22.0%) and all-source (22.0%) PM2.5 during wildfire period most frequently used. Over half of studies (50.6%) focused on respiratory-related morbidities/mortalities. Wildfire smoke exposure was consistently associated with enhanced risks of adverse health outcomes in children/adolescents. Meta-analysis results presented a pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-1.12) for all-cause respiratory morbidity, 1.11 (95% Ci: 0.93-1.32) for asthma, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.85-1.03) for bronchitis, and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05-1.23) for upper respiratory infection, whilst - 21.71 g for birth weight (95% CI, - 32.92 to - 10.50) per 10 µg/m3 increment in wildfire-specific PM2.5/all-source PM2.5 during wildfire event. The majority of studies found that wildfire smoke was associated with multiple adverse health outcomes among children and adolescents, with respiratory morbidities of significant concern. In-utero exposure to wildfire smoke may increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes and have long-term impacts on height. Higher maternal baseline exposure to wildfire smoke and poor family-level baseline birthweight respectively elevated risks in preterm birth and low birth weight associated with wildfire smoke. More studies in low- and middle-income countries and focusing on extremely young children are needed. Despite technological progress, wildfire smoke exposure measurements remain uncertain, demanding improved methodologies to have more precise assessment of wildfire smoke levels and thus quantify the corresponding health impacts and guide public mitigation actions.

审查目的:野火烟雾与人类健康有关,已成为日益关注的公共卫生问题。然而,缺乏对环境野火烟雾对儿童和青少年(一个特别脆弱的人群)健康影响的现有证据的全面综合。我们对野火烟雾与儿童和青少年健康之间关系的同行评议流行病学研究进行了系统回顾。最近的发现:我们检索了MEDLINE, EMBASE和Scopus中从数据库建立到2022年10月11日的可用研究。在最初确定的4926项研究中,来自14个国家的59项研究最终符合条件。超过33.3%的研究是在美国进行的,有两项研究是在多国进行的。野火烟雾暴露评估具有异质性,野火期间最常使用直径≤2.5µm的野火特定颗粒物(PM2.5,占22.0%)和全源PM2.5(22.0%)。超过一半的研究(50.6%)关注呼吸相关的发病率/死亡率。野火烟雾暴露始终与儿童/青少年不良健康结果风险增加有关。meta分析结果显示,全因呼吸道疾病的总相对危险度(RR)为1.04(95%可信区间[CI], 0.96-1.12),哮喘为1.11 (95% CI: 0.93-1.32),支气管炎为0.93 (95% CI, 0.85-1.03),上呼吸道感染为1.13 (95% CI, 1.05-1.23),而野火事件期间,野火特异性PM2.5/全源PM2.5每增加10µg/m3,出生体重为- 21.71 g (95% CI, - 32.92至- 10.50)。大多数研究发现,野火烟雾与儿童和青少年的多种不良健康结果有关,其中呼吸系统发病率令人严重关切。子宫内暴露于野火烟雾可能会增加不良出生结果的风险,并对身高产生长期影响。较高的母亲野火烟雾基线暴露和较差的家庭基线出生体重分别增加了与野火烟雾相关的早产和低出生体重的风险。需要在低收入和中等收入国家开展更多的研究,并将重点放在极年幼的儿童身上。尽管技术取得了进步,但野火烟雾暴露的测量仍然不确定,因此需要改进方法,以更精确地评估野火烟雾水平,从而量化相应的健康影响并指导公共减灾行动。
{"title":"Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke on Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Yiwen Zhang, Ye Tingting, Wenzhong Huang, Pei Yu, Gongbo Chen, Rongbin Xu, Jiangning Song, Yuming Guo, Shanshan Li","doi":"10.1007/s40572-023-00420-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-023-00420-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Wildfire smoke is associated with human health, becoming an increasing public health concern. However, a comprehensive synthesis of the current evidence on the health impacts of ambient wildfire smoke on children and adolescents, an exceptionally vulnerable population, is lacking. We conduct a systematic review of peer-reviewed epidemiological studies on the association between wildfire smoke and health of children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We searched for studies available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus from database inception up to October 11, 2022. Of 4926 studies initially identified, 59 studies from 14 countries were ultimately eligible. Over 33.3% of the studies were conducted in the USA, and two focused on multi-countries. The exposure assessment of wildfire smoke was heterogenous, with wildfire-specific particulate matters with diameters ≤ 2.5 µm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>, 22.0%) and all-source (22.0%) PM<sub>2.5</sub> during wildfire period most frequently used. Over half of studies (50.6%) focused on respiratory-related morbidities/mortalities. Wildfire smoke exposure was consistently associated with enhanced risks of adverse health outcomes in children/adolescents. Meta-analysis results presented a pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-1.12) for all-cause respiratory morbidity, 1.11 (95% Ci: 0.93-1.32) for asthma, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.85-1.03) for bronchitis, and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05-1.23) for upper respiratory infection, whilst - 21.71 g for birth weight (95% CI, - 32.92 to - 10.50) per 10 µg/m<sup>3</sup> increment in wildfire-specific PM<sub>2.5</sub>/all-source PM<sub>2.5</sub> during wildfire event. The majority of studies found that wildfire smoke was associated with multiple adverse health outcomes among children and adolescents, with respiratory morbidities of significant concern. In-utero exposure to wildfire smoke may increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes and have long-term impacts on height. Higher maternal baseline exposure to wildfire smoke and poor family-level baseline birthweight respectively elevated risks in preterm birth and low birth weight associated with wildfire smoke. More studies in low- and middle-income countries and focusing on extremely young children are needed. Despite technological progress, wildfire smoke exposure measurements remain uncertain, demanding improved methodologies to have more precise assessment of wildfire smoke levels and thus quantify the corresponding health impacts and guide public mitigation actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":" ","pages":"46-60"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138458398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Current Environmental Health Reports
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