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Racism, the Language of Reduced Recidivism, and Higher Education in Prison: Toward an Anti-Racist Praxis 种族主义、减少累犯的语言和监狱中的高等教育:走向反种族主义实践
IF 1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.14288/CE.V9I17.186357
Erin L. Castro
This essay examines contemporary discourse alongside increased public interest regarding the provision, purposes, and outcomes of higher education for incarcerated people. Recidivism as the dominant desired outcome of higher education in the specific context of prison demands a particular kind of intervention, and in a society where Black, African American, and Latinxs are overly targeted for incarceration, rationales of reduced recidivism are disproportionately mapped onto bodies of Color. My gesture in this essay is that the language of reduced recidivism contributes to state violence that is disproportionately enacted against people of Color. I believe that directors, instructors, students, and supporters of college-in-prison programs have an opportunity to thoughtfully expand the reasons for higher education during incarceration and to counter public narratives focused on recidivism as part of an anti-racist praxis.
这篇文章考察了当代的话语以及公众对囚犯高等教育的提供、目的和结果的兴趣。在监狱的特定背景下,累犯作为高等教育的主要预期结果需要一种特殊的干预,在一个黑人、非裔美国人和拉丁裔人被过度监禁的社会中,减少累犯的理由不成比例地映射到有色人种身上。我在这篇文章中的立场是,减少累犯的语言助长了针对有色人种的不成比例的国家暴力。我相信,监狱大学项目的主管、教师、学生和支持者们有机会深思熟虑地扩大在监禁期间接受高等教育的原因,并反对将累犯作为反种族主义实践的一部分的公众叙事。
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引用次数: 10
Toward a State-Critical STEM Education 走向对国家至关重要的STEM教育
IF 1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2018-10-15 DOI: 10.14288/CE.V9I16.186272
J. Teeple
In this essay, I will explore the role of STEM education (and educators) in efforts for egalitarian social change. This entails asking and attempting responses to the following questions: How does STEM education relate to the state and economy? Is it an outgrowth of the logic and the aims of the state? Is it imbued with capitalistic aims? How might a STEM education opposed to these socio-economic aims appear: one of left-libertarian, even anarchist, sentiments? Is it possible – even preferable to the former? I will also attempt to respond to these questions by relying in part upon Nataly Chesky and Mark Wolfmeyer’s (2015) Philosophy of STEM Education: A Critical Investigation and Judith Suissa’s (2010) Anarchism and Education: A Philosophical Perspective . I will thus explore how STEM education is poised to evolve in various directions and determine which of these would most commensurate with egalitarian educational, social, economic, and ecological aims.
在这篇文章中,我将探讨STEM教育(和教育者)在努力实现平等主义社会变革中的作用。这需要提出并尝试回答以下问题:STEM教育如何与国家和经济相关?它是逻辑和国家目标的产物吗?它是否充满了资本主义的目标?与这些社会经济目标相对立的STEM教育会如何表现:一种左翼自由主义,甚至无政府主义的情绪?它是否可能——甚至比前者更可取?我还将尝试通过部分依赖Nataly Chesky和Mark Wolfmeyer(2015)的STEM教育哲学:批判性调查和Judith Suissa(2010)的无政府主义与教育:哲学视角来回答这些问题。因此,我将探讨STEM教育如何在各个方向上发展,并确定哪些方向最符合平等主义的教育、社会、经济和生态目标。
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引用次数: 2
Packaging Girls for STEM or STEM for Girls? A critique on the perceived crisis of increasing female representation in STEM education 为STEM包装女孩还是为女孩包装STEM ?对STEM教育中女性比例增加所带来的危机的批评
IF 1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2018-10-15 DOI: 10.14288/CE.V9I16.186415
Nataly Z. Chesky, Rebecca A. Goldstein
This paper presents a critical commentary regarding the intersections of STEM education, girls/women, and media to consider the ways in which media production narratives construct the problem of too few girls/women in STEM fields, its causes, and how to redress the problem. Employing examples from multiple media including Clip Art, television commercials, and popular film, the authors highlight how such media representations oversimplify and mask some of the larger, more intractable challenges of women achieving parity and equity in STEM. The authors conclude with a discussion of how the solution to better package STEM for girls/women is simply an illusion that covers the reality: that girls and women are packaged for STEM, with the focus on girls/women and making them marketable to STEM fields while simultaneously pretending that the barriers in STEM can be surmounted by afterschool programs, female mentors, and targeted advertisement. As a result, the institutional and structural inequities remain inadequately addressed.
本文对STEM教育、女孩/妇女和媒体的交叉点进行了批判性评论,以考虑媒体生产叙事如何构建STEM领域女孩/妇女太少的问题、其原因以及如何解决这一问题。作者以包括剪贴画、电视广告和流行电影在内的多种媒体为例,强调了这些媒体表现是如何过度简化和掩盖了女性在STEM领域实现平等和公平的一些更大、更棘手的挑战。作者最后讨论了如何更好地为女孩/妇女包装STEM的解决方案只是一种掩盖现实的错觉:女孩和妇女被包装为STEM,重点放在女孩/妇女身上,使她们适合STEM领域,同时假装STEM中的障碍可以通过课后计划、女性导师和有针对性的广告来克服。因此,体制和结构上的不平等仍然没有得到充分解决。
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引用次数: 5
Technology and Racist Frameworks in Early Childhood Education 幼儿教育中的技术和种族主义框架
IF 1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2018-10-15 DOI: 10.14288/CE.V9I16.186256
M. Tager
Utilizing Critical Race theory I analyzed empirical data from a larger study that I conducted in 2014 on deficit discourses in early childhood education. In this auxillary project I unpack how the lack of access to technology directly perpetuates a racist framework in our schools. Technology segregation and it's practices further excludes and marginalizes low-income Black children.  This study examines one school district and the difference in access and attitudes about access that are a part of taken for granted practices relating to technology. Inequities in fundings via PTO's directly affect five low-income Black children observed throughout this study. Their learning trajectories and inability to make progress are tied to this lack of technology. These findings are more than just about inequities in funding for technology they are about a call for action. Interruptions and disturbances in these racist practices need to be addressed throughout this particular school district and in society itself.
利用批判种族理论,我分析了我在2014年进行的一项关于早期儿童教育中的缺陷话语的更大研究中的实证数据。在这个辅助项目中,我揭示了缺乏技术是如何直接延续我们学校的种族主义框架的。技术隔离及其实践进一步排斥和边缘化低收入黑人儿童。本研究考察了一个学区在获取和态度上的差异,这是与技术有关的理所当然的做法的一部分。在本研究中观察到的五个低收入黑人儿童直接受到通过PTO获得的资金不平等的影响。他们的学习轨迹和无法取得进步都与缺乏技术有关。这些发现不仅仅是关于技术资金的不平等,而是关于行动的呼吁。这些种族主义行为的中断和干扰需要在整个特定学区和整个社会中得到解决。
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引用次数: 0
Caught Somewhere Between ... 夹在两者之间…
IF 1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.14288/CE.V9I15.186355
James L. Davis
Conversations about education in prison should begin with some understanding of the actual lived experience of being in prison. I refuse to create in myself, or promote in others, the idea that learning in prison sets me free without acknowledging the extent to which being educated in prison also helps me understand the extent to which I am free. Prison education has the potential to be life changing, but it presents some challenges for the incarcerated because it is a very distinctive experience. Education is consciousness raising, and consciousness  in prison is consciousness  of prison and  all of its attendant injustices. What it means to learn in prison is to be constantly engaged in an interrogation of the spaces you occupy, an interrogation that has a complicated relationship to freedom but, approximately, what it means is that in your every experience you are caught somewhere between love and hate.
关于监狱教育的讨论应该从对监狱实际生活经历的一些了解开始。我拒绝在自己身上制造或在别人身上宣扬这样一种观念,即在监狱里学习能让我自由,而不承认在监狱里接受教育也能帮助我理解我在多大程度上是自由的。监狱教育有可能改变生活,但它也给被监禁的人带来了一些挑战,因为这是一种非常独特的经历。教育就是提高意识,而监狱中的意识就是意识到监狱和随之而来的所有不公正。在监狱里学习意味着不断地对你所占据的空间进行审讯,这种审讯与自由有着复杂的关系,但大致来说,它的意思是,在你的每一次经历中,你都被困在爱与恨之间。
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引用次数: 1
“Intrusions into the Human Body”: Quarantining Disease, Restraining Bodies, and Mapping the Affective in State Discourses “侵入人体”:隔离疾病,限制身体,映射国家话语中的情感
IF 1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2018-09-15 DOI: 10.14288/CE.V9I14.186162
Abraham P. Deleon, K. Burke
The recent explosion of post-apocalyptic visions of zombie outbreaks, plague, and bio-engineered super viruses reveals the preoccupation that exists about the potential for future disaster and its link to our conceptions of health, the body, and the public good. Born from this same historical conjuncture, The New York State Public Health Manual: A Guide for Attorneys, Judges, and Public Health Professionals , published in 2011, outlines the powers of the state of New York during a time of catastrophe; i.e. plague, outbreak, natural disaster. This particular legal guide demonstrates a current manifestation of biopower and the affective potential States hope to capture and control that emanate from the collision and interaction of bodies. States harness affect through various ways, and in this particular study, through a text that mobilizes fear and the ever-present potential of a threat, ultimately justifying draconian social measures in the name of “public safety”. Written texts provide a rich context in which to critique and better situate State policies within larger frameworks of discipline and control. States and bodies are inextricably connected to each other, and analyzing public policies help better contextualize these links specifically.
最近爆发的僵尸爆发、瘟疫和生物工程超级病毒的后世界末日景象,揭示了人们对未来潜在灾难的关注,以及它与我们对健康、身体和公共利益的概念之间的联系。2011年出版的《纽约州公共卫生手册:律师、法官和公共卫生专业人员指南》也是在同样的历史关头诞生的,概述了纽约州在灾难时期的权力;比如瘟疫爆发自然灾害这份特别的法律指南展示了生物力量的一种当前表现形式,以及各国希望捕捉和控制的身体碰撞和相互作用所产生的潜在情感。各国通过各种方式利用影响,在这项特别研究中,通过一项调动恐惧和随时存在的潜在威胁的文本,最终证明以“公共安全”名义采取严厉的社会措施是正当的。书面文本提供了丰富的背景,可以在其中批评国家政策,并将其更好地置于更大的纪律和控制框架内。国家和机构彼此之间有着千丝万缕的联系,分析公共政策有助于更好地将这些联系具体具体化。
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引用次数: 0
Promoting Informed Citizenship through Prison-based Education 通过监狱教育促进知情公民
IF 1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.14288/CE.V9I13.186342
Abena Subira Mackall
There are two dominant frames that emerge in the political discourse regarding whether or not public funds should be invested in educating incarcerated adults in the United States. The first discusses prison-based education in terms of its instrumental utility as a crime control technique within cost-effective analyses. In the second, education in prisons is described as being either good or bad for moral reasons. In this essay, I argue for a third frame in which the merit of prison education programs is determined based on whether or not such programs advance democratic values. I hold that this is particularly important, because the current era of mass incarceration has brought about several threats to the civic well-being of American society, and thus to the legitimacy and stability of the democracy. I then use practitioner and student accounts of prison-based educational programs to illustrate that classrooms can function as unique spaces within prisons to promote informed citizenship. I conclude with two modest recommendations to further expand the civic capacities of incarcerated men and women, within the existing structure of US prisons.
在美国,关于是否应该投资公共资金来教育被监禁的成年人,政治话语中出现了两种主要框架。第一部分讨论了基于监狱的教育在成本效益分析中作为一种犯罪控制技术的工具效用。在第二种情况下,监狱教育被描述为出于道德原因是好是坏。在这篇文章中,我提出了第三个框架,在这个框架中,监狱教育项目的价值是根据这些项目是否促进民主价值观来确定的。我认为这一点尤其重要,因为当前这个大规模监禁的时代给美国社会的公民福利带来了一些威胁,从而也给民主的合法性和稳定性带来了威胁。然后,我用实践者和学生对监狱教育项目的描述来说明,教室可以作为监狱中促进知情公民的独特空间。最后,我提出了两项适度的建议,以进一步扩大美国监狱现有结构下在押男女的公民能力。
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引用次数: 4
Interpellation, Counterinterpellation, and Education 质询,反质询和教育
IF 1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2018-08-15 DOI: 10.14288/ce.v9i12.186408
David I. Backer
In a recent essay in Rethinking Marxism, as part of a special issue on the legacy of Louis Althusser’s thinking, Tyson E. Lewis takes up Althusser’s thinking on schooling, trade unionism, and seminars to delimit the concepts of interpellation, counterinterpellation, and disinterpellation respectively. While Lewis’s work is a crucial first step for understanding the little-known contours of Althusserian pedagogical theory, he does not elaborate key theoretical work done on the concept of counterinterpellation, namely that of the Marxist philosopher of language Jean-Jacques Lercecle. Engaging with Lecercle’s work deepens Lewis’s novel argument around the newly-coined term disinterpellation, which he distinguishes as fundamentally educational, as opposed to interpellation and counterinterpellation, which he calls forms of political activism. If one considers Lecercle’s derivation of the concept, Lewis’s characterization of disinterpellation as educational and counterinterpellation as political activism changes somewhat, and broaches fundamental questions for Marxist educational theory. In this essay - which is a comment on Lewis’s important step towards Althusserian pedagogical theory - I will present Lecercle’s account of counterinterpellation, setting this concept within the larger context of Althusserian philosophy. I then respond to the equivalence Lewis draws between counterinterpellation and interpellation to advocate disinterpellation as a model for Marxist educational theory and practice, a move which poses two important questions for critical educational theory in the Marxist tradition: Is there a forceless force within what both Gramsci and Althusser called balance of forces of the political terrain, and must education be that forceless force? I show these questions and their implications have important theoretical consequences for Marxist educational theory and practice in general, and the specific theory and practice Lewis advocates.
在《重新思考马克思主义》杂志最近的一篇文章中,作为路易斯·阿尔都塞思想遗产特刊的一部分,泰森·e·刘易斯(Tyson E. Lewis)采用了阿尔都塞关于学校教育、工会主义和研讨会的思想,分别界定了质询、反质询和反质询的概念。虽然刘易斯的工作是理解阿尔都塞教育理论鲜为人知的轮廓的关键第一步,但他并没有详细阐述反质询概念的关键理论工作,即马克思主义语言哲学家让-雅克·勒塞勒的理论工作。参与Lecercle的工作,加深了Lewis对新创造的术语disinterpellation的新颖论证,他将其区分为从根本上具有教育意义,而不是他称之为政治激进主义形式的质询和反质询。如果考虑Lecercle对这一概念的推导,刘易斯将反质询定性为教育行为和反质询定性为政治行动主义的观点有所改变,并提出了马克思主义教育理论的基本问题。在这篇文章中——这是对刘易斯向阿尔都塞式教学理论迈出的重要一步的评论——我将介绍Lecercle对反质询的描述,并将这一概念置于阿尔都塞式哲学的更大背景下。然后,我回应刘易斯在反质询和质询之间的对等关系,主张将质询作为马克思主义教育理论和实践的模式,这一举措为马克思主义传统中的批判教育理论提出了两个重要问题:在葛兰西和阿尔都塞所谓的政治领域力量平衡中是否存在一种无强制力量,教育必须是这种无强制力量吗?我认为,这些问题及其含义对马克思主义教育理论和实践,以及刘易斯所倡导的具体理论和实践具有重要的理论意义。
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引用次数: 3
The Elevating Connection of Higher Education in Prison: An Incarcerated Student’s Perspective 监狱高等教育的提升联系:一个在押学生的视角
IF 1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.14288/CE.V9I11.186318
David Evans
The author of this paper has lived in Georgia prisons for over ten years and has benefited from higher educational programs while incarcerated. He draws from limited Internet access behind a firewall, personal interviews with other incarcerated students, and personal experience. This essay intends to convey postsecondary education’s benefits for incarcerated citizens. It explores higher education’s ability to shift the perspectives of its incarcerated students, aid in their personal development, and prepare them for their futures whether in or out of prison. The primary purpose of higher education in prison should not be to reduce recidivism, although that may be a welcomed side effect; it should be to elevate the incarcerated students. College-in-prison programming not only elevates the students, it elevates society as well by creating a criminal justice paradigm that more accurately reflects our society’s love of freedom. This essay also explores limited Internet access in prison as a means to facilitate higher education.
本文的作者在乔治亚州的监狱生活了十多年,并在监禁期间受益于高等教育计划。他从防火墙后有限的互联网访问、对其他被监禁学生的个人采访和个人经历中汲取灵感。本文旨在传达高等教育对被监禁公民的好处。它探讨了高等教育如何改变被监禁学生的观点,帮助他们的个人发展,并为他们在监狱内外的未来做好准备。监狱中高等教育的主要目的不应该是减少再犯,尽管这可能是一个受欢迎的副作用;应该是提升被监禁的学生。监狱大学项目不仅提升了学生,也提升了社会,因为它创造了一种更准确地反映我们社会对自由的热爱的刑事司法范式。本文还探讨了监狱中有限的互联网接入作为促进高等教育的一种手段。
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引用次数: 7
What is Higher Education in Prison? Introduction to Radical Departures: Ruminations on the Purposes of Higher Education in Prison 什么是监狱高等教育?激进偏离导论:对监狱高等教育目的的反思
IF 1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.14288/CE.V9I10.186439
Erin L. Castro, M. Gould
For far too long, “correctional education” has served as an umbrella framework for all educational opportunities offered inside prisons and jails throughout the United States. In community with students, scholars, and practitioners, we wish to engage and highlight scholarship on higher education in prison in much the same way we theorize higher education in society more broadly, by focusing on the purposes for why we should engage this work. The authors in this volume pose a direct challenge to the notion that higher education on non-carceral campuses and higher education in prisons should be guided by significantly different philosophies of higher education and in this Introduction, we outline the philosophies of education that should guide higher education in prison.
长期以来,“惩教教育”一直是美国各地监狱和拘留所提供的所有教育机会的总括性框架。在与学生、学者和实践者的社区中,我们希望通过关注为什么我们应该从事这项工作的目的,以与我们更广泛地将社会高等教育理论化的方式大致相同的方式,参与并突出监狱高等教育的学术研究。本卷的作者直接挑战了非监狱校园的高等教育和监狱的高等教育应该由明显不同的高等教育哲学指导的观念,在本引言中,我们概述了应该指导监狱高等教育的教育哲学。
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引用次数: 6
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Critical Education
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